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Copyright of Hydrometallurgy of China is the property of Hydrometallurgy of China Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, and iridium have excellent physical and chemical properties, and thus become indispensable key materials in the high-tech and industrial sectors. In this experiment, the determination of ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, and iridium elements in selenium and tellurium-containing materials was carried out using lead fire assay enrichment-ICP-OES, that is, dissolving the material in concentrated sulfuric acid to remove selenium and tellurium, adding a certain amount of silver, obtaining silver alloy grains through lead fire assay enrichment, dissolving the silver alloy grains with nitric acid for silver separation, melting the residue after filtration with sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride at high temperature, then dissolving it with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and determining it with ICP-OES. The experiment optimized the amount of silver added, melting temperature, cupellation temperature, the amount of sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride added, and instrument parameters to determine the optimal experimental conditions. The relative standard deviations for the determination of ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, and iridium in selenium and tellurium-containing materials using this method were 0. 29 %-1. 01 %, the spike recovery rates were 96. 36 %-105. 77 %, and the precision and accuracy met the requirements of analysis and testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of heteroatoms into manganese dioxide (MnO2) is an effective method to adjust the active site of electrochemical water oxidation catalysis. Although many modification methods for MnO2 have been studied in electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), few studies have focused on the influence of regulating different crystal forms of MnO2 on catalytic activity. This article prepared four different crystal forms of MnO2 (α-MnO2, β-MnO2, γ-MnO2 and δ-MnO2), and systematically studied the catalytic performance of the catalyst (x-MnO2-Ru) prepared by adding Ru to α-MnO2, β-MnO2, γ-MnO2 and δ-MnO2 for OER. The results of linear sweep voltammetry and chronopotentiometry measurements show that the catalyst prepared by adding Ru to β-MnO2 (β-MnO2-Ru) has the best electrochemical performance. β-MnO2 -Ru shows a low overpotential (300 mV at 10 mA·cm-2) and outstanding catalytic activity with small degradation after 24 h operation. It is found that β-MnO2-Ru exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance due to its abundance of Mn3+ and defect oxygen vacancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Precious Metals / Guijinshu is the property of Precious Metals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Study on Optical Communications / Guangtongxin Yanjiu is the property of Study on Optical Communications Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new ruthenium (triphenylphosphine) dichloride was synthesized by using hydrated ruthenium trichloride and triphenylphosphine as raw materials under the protection of argon gas and methanol as solvent. The optimum batch preparation method was obtained by optimizing the molar ratio and reaction time of the synthetic material. The chemical structure of the synthetic material was characterized by elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The synthesis method has the advantages of simple operation and high yield, and is suitable for mass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Biological coral artificial bone is a good alternative material for repairing long bone defects. However, the degradation and absorption rate of biological coral artificial bone in the human body does not match the growth rate of new bone, which leads to the limitation of its clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of osteoclast TRPV5 on the degradation of biological coral artificial bone. METHODS: Monocyte macrophage strain RAW264.7 from mouse was inoculated on biological coral artificial bone slices, which were co-cultured with osteoclasts. After the appearance of osteoclasts was observed, the osteoclast-induced differentiation medium containing 0, 50, 500, 5 000 µmol/L ruthenium red (TRPV5 channel inhibitor) was added separately. After culturing for a certain period of time, the expression of TRPV5 channel protein was observed under a laser confocal microscope. The absorption lacuna on the biological coral artificial bone slice was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The expression of TRPV5 channel protein in cells was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Laser scanning confocal microscope: TRPV5 could be expressed on the cytoplasm and membrane of osteoclasts. With the increase of ruthenium red concentration, the expression of TRPV5 on osteoclasts decreased. (2) Scanning electron microscope: Large continuous bone resorption lacuna was seen on the bone slices in the 0 nmol/L ruthenium red group. The bone resorption lacuna on the bone slices in other concentrations of ruthenium red decreased and was scattered, and with the increase of the concentration of ruthenium red, the area of the bone lacuna gradually decreased. (3) Western blot assay: Compared with 0 nmol/L ruthenium red group, the expression of TRPV5 channel protein in other concentrations of ruthenium red groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (4) The results confirm that osteoclasts grow well on biological coral artificial bone, and TRPV5 can be used as a target to regulate the degradation rate of biological coral artificial bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Precious Metals / Guijinshu is the property of Precious Metals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Precious Metals / Guijinshu is the property of Precious Metals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nickel-based single crystal superalloys are widely used for hot components of advanced turbine engines due to their excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperature. Ru is the symbol element of the fourth and fifth generation nickel-based superalloys. During the past decades, many efforts have been made to provide insight into the role of Ru addition in superalloys. In this paper, the research progress in the effect of Ru on the solidification characteristics, as-cast microstructures, precipitation of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, and creep properties of nickel-based single crystal superalloy was reviewed. The effect of Ru on the solidification characteristics such as solidification path, solidification transition temperature, micro-segregation, and the solidification microstructures such as eutectic, carbide were analyzed systematically. And the reasons why the addition of Ru can inhibit the precipitation of TCP phase and improve the creep property of superalloy were emphatically studied. The composition design and optimization of Ru-containing superalloy are more challenging due to the complexity of the multi-component interaction on microstructure and properties. It was suggested that the future research on Ru-containing superalloys could be explored from the following aspects: the cause of the precipitation of the new Ru-rich phases and the method of inhibiting its precipitation, the effect of Ru addition on solidification defects, the mechanism of the interaction between Ru and other elements on the "reverse partitioning effect" and the precipitation of TCP phases. It could provide significant guidance for the composition optimization and performance improvement of the new Ru-containing nickel-based single crystal superalloys.

A non-Pt electrocatalyst for porous carbon molybdenum carbide with ruthenium nanoparticles was prepared in this paper. The carrier was synthesized by using two dimensional conjugated carbonit and ammonium molybdate as precursors, and the active metal ruthenium was uniformly dispersed with the support of hydrothermal method. Their structure consists of N-doped atoms and nanopores. These holes create highly accessible catalytic sites and good charge transfer ability in the material, thus providing good reaction kinetics for hydrogen evolution reaction（HER) . N-doped atoms regulate the electronic properties of the catalytic active sites in the material, which reduces the free energy of adsorption and desorption of hydrogen components participating in the reaction, providing good catalytic activity for HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ruthenium (II) complex [Ru(phen)3] [PF6]2 (phen=1, 10-phenanthroline) was synthesized. Its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR spectrometer and UV-vis spectrophotometer. Under visible light, the degradation and influence factors of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC · HCl) was investigated using [Ru(phen)3][PF6]2 as a catalyst. The results showed that [Ru(phen)3][PF6]2 could effectively catalyze the degradation of TC. The main factors that influencing the photodegradation of TC·HCl are the pH value and dissolved oxygen of the solution. Under the conditions of 20 °C, 50 mW/cm2 of irradiation intensity, 20 mg/L of TC · HCl and 6.4 mg/L of [Ru(phen)3][PF6]2, the degradation rate of TC · HCl in 5 hours increased gradually from 7.8% to 88.9% with the increase of pH value from 4 to 10. After removing dissolved oxygen, at pH 7.5, the photodegradation rate of TC·HCl in 5 hours decreased rapidly from 61.9% to 10.7%. In conclusion, the degradation process of TC·HCl is complex, and the mainly related active species is singlet oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The histidine functionalized graphene quantum dots （His-GQDs） react with ruthenium trichloride to form a stable ruthenium complex. This complex is treated in a N2 atmosphere at 600 ℃ for 1 h to obtain a ruthenium-graphene quantum dot composite （Ru-His-GQD）. Studies have shown that Ru-His-GQD has a three-dimensional structure. The diameter of ruthenium nanoparticles is between 40 and 60 nm. Ru-His-GQD is rich in functional groups and has high oxidase-like activity. Based on Ru-His-GQD catalyzed oxidation of 3，3’，5，5’-tetramethylbenzidine （TMB） to produce blue compounds， a photometric method for the determination of phoxim in carrots is established. Phoxim can inhibit the activity of Ru-His-GQD oxidase， resulting in a decrease in the absorbance of the blue compound. When the concentration of phoxim is between 30～240 μg/L， the absorbance of the oxidation product of TMB at 652 nm decreases linearly with the increase of phoxim concentration. The detection limit of the method reaches 7.33 ng/mL （S/N=3）， and the sensitivity is higher than those in literature. It has been successfully applied to the detection of phoxim in carrots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Precious Metals / Guijinshu is the property of Precious Metals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the influence mechanisms of microstructure stability of high generation single crystal superalloys, the D1 and D2 alloys which contain 6%(mass fraction) Ru and 4.5%Ru respectively were prepared after complete heat treatment and long-term aging at 980 ℃ for 1000 h. The microstructure and alloying element distribution at different scales were examined and the results were analyzed combining with thermodynamic calculation. The results show that there are still high content of refractory elements segregating in the dendrite region after complete heat treatment, inducing to TCP precipitation in the dendrite after long-term aging. Ru and Re are the main forming elements of TCP in both D1 and D2 alloys, and more TCP phase precipitates in D1 alloy which contains more Ru than in D2 alloy. Because both Ru and Re can increase the d-orbital energy level of single crystal superalloy, higher Ru and Re content leads to more TCP phase precipitation. However, since Ru can reduce the segregation degree of Re in γ phase, the increase of Ru content can reduce the adverse effect of Re on the microstructure stability of single crystal superalloy. In this study, Ru plays a more significant role in promoting TCP phase precipitation, leading to more TCP phase precipitating in D1 alloy than in D2 alloy after long-term aging at 980 ℃ for 1000 h.

The research progress and shortcomings of Fenton technology of iron-based catalyst were discussed. The redox characteristics, advantages and potential application fields of non-iron-based Fenton catalysts (such as cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, ruthenium, polymetallic oxyhydrochloric acid and gold nanomaterials, etc.) are emphatically introduced. The shortcomings of non-iron based catalysts in practical application are summarized, and it is pointed out that in the future, efficient and stable catalysts, non-iron-based enhanced Fenton-like technology and the combination/coupling technology of non-iron-based Fenton/Fenton-like technology with other processes are the main research areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analytical methods of rhodium, iridium and ruthenium in spent catalysts are studied. The nickel sulphide fire-assay is used for enrichment. The nickel button is melted together with aluminum, which is dissolved by hydrochloric acid solution(1 + 1), and the precipitate is dissolved in a high-pressure digestion tank. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry is used to determine rhodium, iridium and ruthenium in spent catalysts. The test results show that when 6 g aluminum and nickel buttons are co-melting in a muffle furnace at 900 °C for 2 hours, the nickel buttons can be compietely dissolved in hydrochloric add (1 + 1) within 2 hour. The relative standard deviation RSD (n =7) of the method was between 1.2% and 7. 7%. The recoveries of rhodium, iridium, and ruthenium were between 96.2% and 100% indicating that the method is accurate and reliable, and can meet the needs of trading and scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Precious Metals / Guijinshu is the property of Precious Metals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carbon nanotubes loaded by different ratios of core-shell structured ruthenium platinum nanoparticles (Ru@ Pt/CNTs) were prepared by ethanol reduction methods and used as anodic catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells. The structures of the as synthesized catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that Ru@Pt/CNTs nanoparticles formed a core-shell structure (the core was ruthenium and the shell was platinum). Meanwhile, the electrochemical measurements demonstrates Ru@Pt/CNTs exhibits ultrahigh electrochemical catalytic activity (Ru@ Pt0.75/CNTs, 1 767.77 mA/mg Pt) and durability (Ru@ Pt1.0 CNTs, CV decay of 19.7% after 250 test cycles) in ethanol electro-oxidation reaction ( EOR) compared with commercial Pt/C catalysts. Therefore, the Ru@ Pt/CNTs nanoparticles with core-shell structure have an excellent catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Petrochemical Universities / Shiyou Huagong Gaodeng Xuexiao Xuebao is the property of Journal Editorial Department Of Liaoning Shihua University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products is the property of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ruthenium based catalysts were prepared by impregnating the noble metal ruthenium onto the zeolite. The results showed that the ruthenium based catalyst prepared with ZSM-5 as the carrier was more effective than the β zeolite as the carrier in catalyzing toluene. With the increase of ruthenium load, the catalyst activity increased obviously in the range of 1%~ 1.2%, and then decreased. The catalytic activity of the catalyst to toluene increased significantly with the increase of the roasting temperature within the range of 250~350 °C, but the activity did not change much after 350°C. The activity of the catalyst can be increased by decreasing the particle size of the catalyst properly within a certain range, but the activity of the catalyst does not change much when it is reduced to less than 40 mesh. The catalyst prepared under the experimental conditions can catalyze the conversion of 98% toluene at 180 °C, showing an excellent performance of catalytic removal of toluene at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dissolution-oxalic acid reduction is used to separate ruthenium from a ruthenium- containing waste. The effects of the solid-to-liquid ratio, dissolution time, mass ratio of metal ruthenium and oxalic acid in solution,reaction temperature and reaction time on recovery of ruthenium were examined. The results show that under the conditions of solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 : 6 : 30, dissolution time of 5 h,mass ratio of ruthenium and oxalic acid of 1 : 5, temperature of 70 °C, and recovery of ruthenium is 97.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]