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Objective】 To optimize asterisked characteristics and provide references for maize DUS testing guidelines revision. [Method] All of 45 maize hybrids were tested to analyze the diversity and correlations of 38 asterisked characteristics in this study.【Result】 One hundred and seventy-eight allelic variations were detected in 38 asterisked characteristics with an average of 4.6842 for each characteristics，and the variation range was from 1 to 8； the average effective allelic variation was 2.7830 with variation range from 1.0539 to 5.9121； the average Shannon-Weaver diversity information index was 1.2593,and the variation range was from 0.4236 to 1.9982. Similarity coefficient ranged was from 0.31 to 0. 68 for 45 maize hybrids, and the 9 pairs characteristics showed significant positive (correlations in 38 asterisked characteristics.【Conclusion】 It was suggested that 8 characteristics that C3，C4，C:13，Cl7, Cl9, C:26，C27，C30 need not to be examined as asterisked, and the other 30 characteristics should always be examined in maize DUS testing guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper employs the law hermeneutics method to explore deficiencies in the procurement law for approved textbooks in compulsory education. The following deficiencies were found: 1. Article 8-3 of National Educational Law conflicts with the principle of charging textbooks costs as "agency fees". 2. Article 8-3 of National Educational Law violates the "Bestimmtheitsgebot". 3. The regulation about procuring textbooks drawn up by the Minister of Education violates the "Vorbehalt des Gesetzes". 4. Procuring textbooks by signing an interentity supply contract according to the Government Procurement Act violates "Vorrang des Gesetzes". This paper also refers to related laws and regulations of the Japanese textbook procurement system and submits suggestions for revising laws for procuring textbooks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current working-out and revision situation of both compulsory and recommended national and industry standards for domestic technical textile were analysed, as well as the development status quo of some relative international standards. Furthermore, some existing problems of domestic standards were pointed out, and proposals were put forward too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]