Search

Objective: To explore the effects of real-life acute stress on cognitive inhibition and response inhibition in college students. Methods: Totally 40 interviewees in the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination were recruited and they were asked to complete the Flanker task and Go/Nogo dual-task immediately after the interview (stress condition) and 7 months after the interview (control condition) respectively. The current stress level was assessed with the Self-reported Stress Scale and State Anxiety Inventory. Results: The self-reported stress scores (P< 0.001), and state anxiety scores (P<0.01) were higher under stress condition than under control condition. In the Flanker task, the reaction time of the incongruent trials was faster under stress condition than under control condition, and the Flanker effect was lower under stress condition than under control condition (Ps <0.05). For the probe stimuli in the Go/Nogo dual task, the reaction time of Nogo-probes and probe Go/Nogo effect was higherunder stress condition than under control condition (Ps <0.05). Conclusion: Acute stress in real life might enhance the cognitive inhibition of distractor but impair the inhibition of incorrect response in college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore mechanism of Chaihu Longgu Muli Decoction and Ganmai Dazao Decoction in treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and animal experiment. Methods: TCMSP and other databases were used to predict active components and targets of Chaihu Longgu Muli Decoction and Ganmai Dazao Decoction. Targets of PSD were retrieved from PharmGKB and other databases, and "component-intersection target-disease" network was constructed by Cytoscape (v3.9.l) software. PPI network was constructed by String (v11.5) database, and GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis of intersection targets were performed by DAVID6.8 database. AutoDock vina (v1.1.2) software was used for molecular docking. Pymol (v 2.5) and other softwares were used to visualize optimal docking results. Animal experiments were setup in control group, model group, fluoxetine group, TCM group and TCM+fluoxetine group, neurobehavioral scores and expressions of neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors in brain tissues were detected. mRNA and protein expressions of key genes PPARG, MAPK3, AKT1, PIK3CA were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results: A total of 225 kinds of active ingredients of Chaihu Longgu Muli Decoction and Ganmai Dazao Decoction were obtained, which acted on 119 targets of PSD, among which key targets included MAPK3, AKT1, PIK3CA and PPARG, key pathways including MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and etc. Compared with model group, MAPK3 mRNA and protein expressions were decreased, AKT1, PIK3CA, PPARG mRNA and protein expressions were increased in TCM group and TCM+fluoxetine group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mechanism of Chaihu Longgu Muli Decoction and Ganmai Dazao Decoction in treatment of PSD may be related to inhibition of MAPK3 expression, promotion of AKT1, PIK3CA, PPARG expressions, alleviation of inflammatory response and oxidative stress in brain tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) is a prevalent and profoundly debilitating mental disorder characterized by various cognitive impairments. Among them, deficiency in response inhibition may be a potential endophenotype, playing a critical role in comprehending the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of OCD and facilitating the development of novel clinical treatment approaches. This article reviews the response inhibition deficit in OCD, including its neural mechanisms and the effects of clinical interventions, in order to provide evidence for further understanding of the response inhibition deficit in OCD and promote the clinical diagnosis and treatment of OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrosis is an abnormal repair process of the organism activated by tissue injury, with the typical pathological manifestation of excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, ultimately leading to the destruction of normal tissue structure as well as organ hypofunction or even failure. The development of targeted anti-fibrotic drugs has been hampered by the fact that the specific mechanism is not yet clear. There is growing evidence that interleukin-36 （IL-36） has an important role in the development of fibrotic diseases. Aberrant expression of IL-36 cytokines is observed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, renal interstitial fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease-associated intestinal fibrosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Inhibition or knockdown of IL-36 can effectively prevent or even reverse fibrotic lesions, and its mechanism is closely related to the regulation of immune cell responses, the activation of fibroblasts, and the regulation of related enzyme activity. In this paper, we review the recent research progress of IL-36 and its expression and pro-fibrotic mechanisms in different fibrotic diseases in order to provide a reference for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the effect of Astragalus-Angelica combination on cell injury in the vascular wall of mouse atherosclerosis (AS) model from perspectives of cell apoptosis and pyroptosis. METHODS: Male apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE~f~) mice were randomly divided into model group, low-dose Astragalus-Angelica group, me-dium-dose Astragalus-Angelica group, high-dose Astragalus-Angelica group and atorvastatin group, with 5 mice in each group. The same number of male C57BL/6J mice at the same week of age were used as control. Except for the control group, all other animals were fed with high-fat feed for 12 weeks to construct AS model, and drugs were given by gavage after successful modeling. Then, the thickness of aortic intimal hyperplasia was observed by HE staining. The total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-c） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-c） levels were measured by a fully-automated biochemical analyzer, and the plasma interleukin-lp（IL-Ip） and IL-18 levels were measured by ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression levels of cell apoptosis- and pyroptosis-related factors, including B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）, Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）, cleaved caspase-3, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3（NLRP3）, cleaved caspase-1 and gas dermin D・N （GSDMD-N ）, were detected by immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR and Western blot assays. The combined results were used to evaluate the effect of target drugs on vascular wall cell injury in AS lesions. RESULTS: High-fat feeding induced AS model successfully. Compared with control group, the mice in model group showed increased plasma TC, TG and LDL-c levels （P<0. 01）, decreased HDL-c level （P<0. 01）, thickened intima （P<0. 01）, increased plasma IL-lp and IL-18 levels （P<0. 01）, and elevated expression levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1 and GSDMD-N, and reduced expression of Bcl-2 in the vascular wall（PVO.01）. Compared with model group, treatment with Astragalus-Angelica combination down-regulated plasma TC, TG and LDL-c levels（PV0. 05）, up-regulated the plasma HDL-c level （P<0. 05）, reduced the degree of intimal hyperplasia （P<0. 01）, decreased plasma IL-lp and IL-18 levels （P<0. 05）, inhibited the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1 and GSDMD-N, and promoted the expression of Bcl-2 in the vascular wall（PV0. 01）. Overall, medium-dose Astragalus-Angelica exhibited the most significant effect. CONCLUSION: Combination of Astragalus and Angelica can delay the progress of AS lesions, alleviate inflammatory responses, and inhibit the apoptosis and pyrosis of vascular wall cells in mice, and its mechanism is related to the inhibition of activation of apoptosis- and pyroptosis-related factors in vascular wall cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the effect of corilagin (Cor) on macrophage-derived foam cell formation via autophagy and its underlying mechanism. METHODS: The THP-1 and J774A. 1 macrophages were divided into control group, foam cell model groups (ox-LDL+LPS group/ox-LDL group), and Cor treatment groups (Cor groups). The deposition of intracellular lipid droplets in each group was detected by oil red O staining. The contents of total cholesterol (TC) and free cholesterol (FC) in cells and the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in cell supernatants were detected by ELISA. The binding affinity between Cor and related targets of autophagy and inflammation was predicted by molecular docking modeling. The expression levels of proteins related to autophagy and inflammation were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with model group, the THP-1 and J774A. 1 cells in medium- and high-dose Cor groups showed significant decreases in the lipid droplets. Treatment with Cor reduced the deposition of intracellular lipid droplets, lowered cholesteryl ester (CE)/TC in a dose-dependent manner (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), and caused significant declines in the levels of IL-6, MCP-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α (P<0. 01). Molecular docking results showed that Cor had the best binding affinity with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), with an optimal binding affinity of −9. 8 kcal/mol. Compared with model group, high-dose Cor significantly up-regulated the protein expression levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/AMPK (P< 0. 01), and significantly down-regulated the protein expression levels of phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR)/mTOR, P62, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1 (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the protein expression of beclin-1 or LC3 (P>0. 05). In addition, Cor also significantly inhibited the activity of caspase-1(P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: Treatment with Cor can reduce the inflammatory response of THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of mTOR and the activation of autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To observe the effects of Shuangxin Formula on hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (COR) in patients with depression after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with syndrome of heart blood stasis. Methods Patients admitted to wards and outpatients of Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine between April 2021 and December 2021 were selected. According to a random number table, 72 patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 36 cases per group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine after PCI, and placebo. The experimental group was treated with conventional western medicine after PCI and Shuangxin Formula. The treatment period for both groups was 4 weeks. The serum levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, 5-HT, ACTH, and COR in the experimental group and the control group before and after treatment were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the correlation was analyzed. The total quantitative score of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and the single score of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms were compared before and after treatment. Results After 4 weeks' treatment, the serum levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, ACTH, and COR in the two groups decreased(P <0. 01), and the levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, ACTH, and COR in the experimental group were lower than in the control group (P <0. 01). After 4 weeks' treatment, the serum level of 5-HT was higher than before treatment in both group (P<0. 01), and the serum level of 5-HT in the experimental group was higher than in the control group (P<0. 01). Before and after treatment, the level of 5-HT was negatively correlated with the serum levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 in the two groups (P<0. 05, P<0. 01); the levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 were positively correlated with the levels of ACTH and COR (P<0. 05, P<0. 01); and the level of 5-HT was negatively correlated with the levels of ACTH and COR (P<0. 01). After treatment, the total quantitative score of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and the single score of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms in both groups were lower than those before treatment (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). The total quantitative score of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and the single score of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms in the experimental group were lower than in the control group (P<0. 01). Conclusion Shuangxin Formula may reduce the inflammatory response by reducing the levels of the inflammatory factors hs-CRP and IL-6, and then upregulating the excitability of 5-HT, and inhibiting the levels of the HPA axis-related factors ACTH and COR, thus playing the role of spirit-heart treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychological Science is the property of Psychological Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychological Science is the property of Psychological Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychological Science is the property of Psychological Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective:To explore the characteristics of response inhibition to emotional facial expressions and its relationship to anhedonia under both explicit and implicit conditions in patients with major depressive disorder（MDD）.Methods:The ability of response inhibition of 38 patients with MDD meeting the diagnostic criteria of DSM-5 and 40 normal controls were assessed by a stop signal task combined with facial stimuli under explicit and implicit emotional conditions.The Chapman Social Anhedonia Scale and Chapman Physical Anhedonia Scale（CSAS＆CPAS） was used to evaluate the severity of anhedonia,and the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale（HAMD-24） was used to evaluate the severity of depression.Mixed-model ANOVA was used for statistical analysis of intra-group and inter-group differences.Results:Under the explicit condition,the stop-signal reaction time（SSRT） [（296.2±10.3） ms vs.（242.1±10.1） ms,P <0.001] was longer,the Probability of Inhibition（PI） [（0.51±0.01） vs.（0.55±0.01）] was lower and the Stop Signal Delay time（SSD） [（246.5±13.4） ms vs.（311.4±13.0） ms] were shorter in the MDD group than in the control group（Ps <0.01）.Under the implicit condition,the SSRT[（292.4±10.8） ms vs.（230.2±10.5） ms,P <0.001] was higher,the PI[（0.52±0.01） vs.（0.55±0.01）]was lower,and the SSD time[（266.9±13.7） ms vs.（324.4±13.3） ms] was shorter in the MDD group than in the control group（Ps <0.05）.The SSRT of explicit neutral（r=0.38） and sad face（r=0.36）,and implicit neutral（r=0.43） and sad face（r=0.39） were significantly positively correlated with the CSAS＆CPAS anhedonia scores in the MDD group.Conclusion:The results suggest that both explicit and implicit emotional response inhibition in patients with major depressive disorder,which may be related to the severity of anhedonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to develop a theory-driven, tablet-based battery of executive function tasks that is free of charge. According to a theoretical framework, three levels of executive function can be identified. The basic level consists of working memory and inhibitory control, the second level focuses on cognitive flexibility, and the third level includes reasoning, planning, and problem solving. Given that the functions at the third level require effective processing at the first two levels, this battery measured individual abilities on executing the latter functions. Additional functions included executive controls that have been suggested to be important. The battery consisted of 17 tasks assorted into six categories: processing speed, information maintenance, inhibition, updating, switching and resource allocation. Processing speed was measured by the speed in simple and choice reaction times. Information maintenance included maintenance of single items and paired associates. Three types of representations were used for single items: spatial information, symbols that are difficult to name, and objects that can be interfaced with the representations in long-term memory. A delayed matching-to-sample task and a delayed response task were also adopted to assess the information maintenance ability. The former task evaluated maintenance over 5 and 10 seconds compared with perceptual matching; the latter examined the effects of encoding and retrieving one or four items. Inhibition functions were assessed by three tasks: the reverse Stroop task, stop signal task, and anti-saccade task. Updating functions were also evaluated by three tasks: running memory of spatial information, running memory of symbols, and running memory of objects. The trail-making test, a figure task, and a hearts-and-flowers task were used to measure the ability to switch for cognitive flexibility. These three tasks differ in the dimensions for switching: between color and digits, between task rules, and between color and shapes. A rotation span task was adopted to assess the ability to allocate cognitive resources. In the battery, 10 tasks adopted accuracy and reaction time as the measures, and 7 adopted a 1-up-1-down staircase method to measure the span of information maintenance, updating, and resource allocation. Two hundred and eight college students participated in the study across two or three sessions of approximately 50 minutes each, with a rest between tasks. The pattern of results was in agreement with the findings in the literature, supporting the use of a tablet-based battery that employed a staircase method for measuring working memory span. Given the limitations in the current version, a recommendation of the context for using this battery is provided in the discussion. Future studies could consider measuring the abilities of processing linguistic information, evaluating each executive function with a broader range of tasks, and using an accuracy-based battery. More importantly, future studies should examine the reliability and validity of this battery while developing norms for different age levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Through graded salting out with ammonium sulfate and dialysis, esterases were extracted and purified from goose liver, chicken liver and pig liver respectively, then their structures were characterized, and their inhibition responses to carbaryl as a pesticide model were further investigated. Results showed that the yield of goose liver esterase was the highest (14.58%), and that of chicken liver esterase was the lowest (8.82%) with the best thermal stability, while the protein mass concentration of pig liver esterase was the highest (12.47mg/mL); the protein molecular weights of all three kinds of animal liver esterases were 30 ~ 110 kDa with the leading one of 55 kDa, and that in chicken liver esterase was the highest (16.74%) while the lowest was in that of pig liver esterase (14.31%); these three kinds of animal liver esterases showed different sizes of protein particles with flake structures and smooth surfaces; in the carbaryl concentration range of 0.5~10.0 mg/L, the linear range (0.5~5.0 mg/L), the detection limit (0.29 mg/L) and IC50 (7.74 mg/L) of chicken liver esterase were the lowest, which could be used as a potential sensitive enzyme source for rapid detection of carbaryl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the effects of trait rumination and state rumination on response inhibition in college students. Methods: Forty-two undergraduates with high trait rumination and 42 undergraduates with low trait rumination were selected with the Ruminative Responses Scale and then randomly assigned to the state rumination condition and distraction condition with the Rumination and Distraction Task. Participants performed a revised emotional stop-signal task, and their stop-signal response time（SSRT） and commission errors on stop reaction trials were recorded. Results: On stop reaction trials, the high trait rumination group showed longer SSRTs [（286±16）ms vs.（266±14） ms, P <0.001] and higher commission errors [（0.7±0.1） vs.（0.5±0.1）,P <0.001] for negative face than positive face under the state rumination condition while there was no such significant difference under the distraction condition. In contrast, the low trait rumination group showed no significant difference in SSRTs and commission errors toward the two types of face pictures under either the state rumination condition or the distraction condition（P>0.05）. Conclusion: Individuals with high trait rumination would show deficits in response inhibition when they experience ruminative thinking, which might result from the combination of the high trait rumination and the state rumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the correlation between MAO A single polymorphism and inhibitory control in young people. Methods: Fifty-seven healthy college students were included Behavioral data (reaction time and accuracy), latency and amplitude of ERPs inhibitory control components (N2/P3 difference waves) were investigated with Go/Nogo task to investigate the difference of inhibition control among different genotypes. Ligase specific detection reaction (LDR) was used to investigate the MAO A polymorphism of rs5906957, rs2235186, rsl 181275 and rs58524323. According to the MAO A genotype, subjects were divided into three genotype groups to investigate the effect of SNP genotype on ERPs components. Results: In rs2235186, ERPs results showed that there was a significant difference in amplitude of P3 difference wave, CT genotype was higher than CC and TT genotype [Cpz (3. 3 ±2. 6) μv vs. (0. 7 ±2. 8) μv vs. (2. 2 ±2. 5)μv vs, P <0.05]. In rsl 181275, the topographic maps illustrate the distribution of P3d of CT group was different to CC and TT group, CT genotype was higher than CC and TT genotype[(3. 1 ±2. 5) μv vs. (1. 5 ±2. 8) μv vs. (2. 0 ±2. 7) μv vs, P <0. 05]. Conclusion: It suggests that the inhibitory control of different genotype individuals in young people is related with the polymorphism of MAO A gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Gypenosides have antioxidant properties, with beneficial effects such as reducing blood pressure, anti-aging and anti-tumor, but the specific protective mechanism is not clear.It isalso unknown whether gypenosides have effect on the proliferation and differentiation of oxidative stress-damaged osteoblasts. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism by which gypenosides alleviate oxidative stress injury in rat osteoblasts and the effect on the proliferation and differentiation of oxidatively damaged osteoblasts. METHODS: Monolayer cell culture method was used to separate neonatal rat skull cells for the culture of osteoblasts. In this experiment, there were three groups, with normal culture medium as blank group, normal culture medium+oxidative damage as control group, and normal culture medium containing gypenosides and oxidative damage as experimental group. Osteoblasts in the experimental and control groups were cultured in the culture medium containing 150 μmol/L H2O2. After 3 and 5 days of intervention, cell counting kit-8 method was used to detect the effects of gypenosides on oxidative damage of osteoblasts. Alkaline phosphatase staining was used to detect alkaline phosphatase activity on day 7 after induction. Alizarin red staining was used on day 21 of induction to observe osteoblast mineralization. Western blot was used to detect the expression of NOX4, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and Smad4. The experimental protocol was approvedby the Animal Ethics Committee of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gypenosides could promote the proliferation of oxidatively damaged osteoblasts. The results of alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining showed that gypenosides could promote the differentiation of oxidatively damaged osteoblasts. Compared with the control group, gypenosides could down regulate the expression of NOX4 protein and upregulate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and Smad4 protein in the experimental group, with statistically significant results (P< 0.05). All these findings indicate that gypenosides have a protective effect on H2O2-induce doxidative stress injuryin osteoblasts, and promote the proliferation and differentiation of damaged osteoblasts. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Nox4 protein expression and the activation of bone morphogenetic protein/Smad pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective ■ To investigate the change of response inhibition function in patients with diug-naive bulimia nervosa (BN) and its relationship with eating disorders and self-reporting impulsiveness. Methods- Thirty-five drug-naive BN patients who accepted psychological counseling in Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between Aug. 2018 and Jun 2019, and 23 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. The eating disorder and impulsiveness were compared between the two groups by using the Chinese version of Eating Disorder Examination Questiotmaire 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0) and Barrett Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), respectively. The stop signal task (SST) was used to assess response inhibition function. The scale scores and SST results were compared between the two groups, and the correlation of stop signal reaction time (SSRT) with BIS-11 score, EDE-Q 6,0 score, the age of onset and the duration of illness was analyzed. Results* Compared with the HC group, the BN group demonstrated significantly longer SSRT in the SST (P=Q.003)9 and had a higher total score of BIS-11 (7MK004)，attentional impulsiveness score (7M).OO8) and non-planning Impulsiveness scoTe (P=0<002). SSRT was positively associated with the age of onset (r=0.503，P=0.006)，negatively associated with the score of weight concern subscale (r=-0337, P=O.O48), and not correlated with the BIS-11 score and the dumtion of illness in drug-naive BN patients. Conclusion - Drug-naive BN patients have high impulsiveness, and their defects in response inhibition are associated with the age of onset and weight concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To compare the response inhibitory function between children with tic disorder（tics disorder，TD） and normal children，and to explore the neuropathological basis of children with tic disorder. Methods In Shanghai Children's Medical Center，28 children with tic disorder from April to August 2015 were selected as experimental group, and 28 normal children as control group. The inhibitory functions of the two groups were compared. Results The correct rate of executing inhibition tasks in Go/NoGo task in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group， and the reaction time （response time） was significantly higher than that in the control group （ < 0. 05）. Conclusion The response inhibition function of children in the experimental group is deficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody cetuximab has been used widely in non-small cell lung cancer patients. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of lung cancer cells (A549, H460, H1299, SPC-A-1) which were treated by cetuximab in vitro. Methods We studied the effects of increasing concentrations of cetuximab (1 nmol/L-625 nmol/L) in four human lung cancer cell lines (A549, SPC-A-1, H460, H1229). CCK8 measured the inhibition of cell proliferation in each group. A549, SPC-A-1 were marked by PI and the statuses of apoptosis were observed. Western blot were used to detect the proliferation-related signaling protein and apoptosis-related protein in A549. Results The treatment with cetuximab resulted in the effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The expression of activated key enzymes (p-AKT, p-EGFR, p-MAPK) in EGFR signaling transduction pathway were down-regulated more obviously. Conclusion Cetuximab is an effective targeted drug in the treatment of lung cancer cell lines, tissues, most likely to contribute to the inhibition of key enzymes in EGFR signaling transduction pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the clinical curative effect on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and explore the relevant mechanism of acupuncture in treatment., Methods: A total of 100 ADHD children were randomized into an observation group (50 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (50 cases, 1 case dropped off). In the control group, the routine psychological intervention was used. In the observation group, on the base of the treatment as the control group, acupuncture was applied to Taichong (LR 3), Neiguan (PC 6), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), etc., once daily, for 3 months. The Cambridge neuropsychological tests automated battery (CANTAB) was adopted to evaluate attention and response inhibition in two groups before and after treatment. Digi-Lite color transcranial Doppler was used to measure cerebral arterial blood velocity. The therapeutic effect was compared between the two groups., Results: Regarding evaluation of attention, the mean delay time in the observation group after treatment was shorter than that before treatment and that in the control group separately ( P <0.05), and rapid visual information processing A' statistics (RVP A') value was higher than that before treatment and that in the control group separately ( P <0.05). For evaluation of response inhibition, the number of Go signal error, the time of stop signal response and the number of stop Go signal error after treatment were all reduced as compared with those before treatment in the two groups ( P <0.05). The number of stop signal error was also reduced after treatment as compared with that before treatment in the observation group ( P <0.05). The number of Go signal error and the number of stop signal error in the observation were lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05). After treatment, the average flow velocity of bilateral posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was increased than that before treatment in the two groups ( P <0.05). The average flow velocity of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA-L) and bilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA) after treatment was increased than that before treatment in the observation group ( P <0.05), and the average flow velocity of left PCA, MCA-L and bilateral ACA in the observation group was faster than that in the control group ( P <0.05). The total effective rate was 90.5% (19/21) in the observation group, remarkably higher than 50.0% (11/22) in the control group in children with attention deficit ( P <0.05). The total effective rate was 83.3% (40/48) in the observation group, also higher than 63.3% (31/49) in the control group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with psychological intervention may improve attention and response inhibition in ADHD children, which is possibly related to the regulation of cerebral blood flow.

Objective: To characterize the traits of neuropsychological functioning deficits in patients with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with comorbid disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders (DICCD)., Methods: Twenty out-patients with ADHD, 20 with ADHD with comorbid DICCD, and 20 with DICCD, all aged 6-16 years, were enrolled in this study, with 20 healthy subjects matched for age, gender and IQ serving as the healthy controls. The patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Revision (DSM-5). All the subjects were assessed with Golden Stroop test and emotional Stroop test to evaluate their response inhibition and emotional responding., Results: In Golden Stroop test, the interference scores (IGs) of errors and reaction time both differed significantly among the groups ( P &lt; 0.05), and were the highest in patients with ADHD only. In emotional Stroop test, the mean reaction time (MRT) showed significant differences among the groups ( P &lt; 0.05); the MRT of positive- congruent trials in ADHD with comorbid DICCD group was shorter than that in ADHD group but longer than that in group DICCD; the MRT in the 3 case groups were all longer than that in the control group. The MRT of both positive-incongruent trials and negative-congruent trials in ADHD with comorbid DICCD group and DICCD group was shorter than that in ADHD group but longer than that in the control group. The MRT of negative- incongruent trials in DICCD group was shorter than that in ADHD group and ADHD with comorbid DICCD group but longer than that in the control group., Conclusions: The response inhibition deficit and abnormal emotional responding are the core symptoms of ADHD. Bias emotional stimuli may render response inhibitory dysfunction in patients with DICCD with callous-unemotional traits of emotional responding disorder, especially in dealing with negative emotional trials, while the comorbidity of ADHD and DICCD tends to have the emotional response trait of DICCD.