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Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate diagnostic and prognostic value of actin-binding protein ANLN in clear cell renal cell carcinoma （ccRCC） and its relationship with tumor microenvironment. Methods: Gene expression data and clinical data for ccRCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA）. Relationship between ANLN expression and clinicopathological features was assessed by Wilcoxon rank sum test and Logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess diagnostic value of ANLN expression in ccRCC. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were used to investigate effect of ANLN expression on overall survival. Gene set enrichment analysis （GSEA） was used to identify signaling pathways associated with ANLN in ccRCC. Relationship between ANLN expression and immune infiltration was analyzed by ESTIMATE algorithm, tumor immune estimation resource （TIMER） and CIBERSORT algorithms. Relationship between ANLN and drug sensitivity was calculated using CellMiner database. Results: ANLN expression was significantly upregulated in ccRCC tissues. ANLN expression in ccRCC was correlated with clinicopathological features. ROC analysis showed that ANLN had a high diagnostic value in ccRCC. High ANLN expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high ANLN expression was an independent risk factor for overall survival in ccRCC patients. GSEA showed that ANLN was associated with multiple signaling pathways. In terms of immunity, ANLN was closely associated with tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules in ccRCC. ANLN expression was negatively correlated with sensitivity of most antitumor drugs. Conclusion: ANLN is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for ccRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish a renal cell carcinoma sunitinib-resistant cell line and to explore the mechanism by which protein disulfide isomerase A4 (PDIA4) regulates sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma. Methods: A small-dose intermittent induction method was used to establish 786-O and OS-RC-2 resistant cell lines (786-OR and OS-RC-2R), qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of PDIA4 in drug-resistant renal carcinoma cell lines and non-drug-resistant renal carcinoma cell lines, and lentiviral infection was used to construct a stable overexpression or knockdown renal carcinoma cell line of PDIA4. The effect of PDIA4 on the proliferation of renal cancer cells was detected by CCK-8 assay; the expression of apoptosis-related proteins BCL2, BAX, Caspase3, Cleaved-Caspase3, and Caspase9 was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results: Compared with the control group of parental cells 786-O and OS-RC-2, the PDIA4 expression levels of drug-resistant cell lines 786-OR and OS-RC-2R are significantly increased (P<0.05). Overexpression of PDIA4 promoted the growth and viability of renal cancer cells as well as decreased the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to sunitinib (P<0.05), whereas knockdown of PDIA4 inhibited the growth and viability of renal cancer cells as well as elevated the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to sunitinib (P<0.05). In addition, overexpression of PDIA4 inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (P<0.05), while knockdown of PDIA4 promoted the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (P<0.05). Conclusion: PDIA4 is associated with sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma by the mechanism of inhibition of apoptosis causing sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma, and targeting PDIA4 reverses the resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patient was a 77-year-old woman who visited her local clinic in May 2023 to begin treatment for hypertension. A chest X-ray revealed a nodular shadow in the right lung, and she was referred to our hospital in June. As a result of further examination, in addition to ascending colon cancer with metastatic lung cancer, UICC(#8) Stage IVA, right renal cell carcinoma, UICC(#8) Stage I, was diagnosed, indicating multiple cancers. In August, laparoscope-assisted right hemicolectomy and right nephrectomy were performed. The renal cancer was a histological type of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with a maximum diameter of 31 mm. As noted, a metastatic lesion of the ascending colon cancer was found within this clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After systemic chemotherapy for metastatic lung cancer that was derived from the ascending colon cancer, right lower lobectomy under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed in December. At the time of writing, the patient is uneventful with no evidence of recurrence. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is a rare phenomenon in which one tumor metastasizes to another tumor in either synchronous or metachronous multiple cancers. Here, we report this case of ascending colon cancer with tumor-to-tumor metastasis to renal cell carcinoma, including a review of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Current Biotechnology (2095-2341) is the property of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the relationship between serum miRNA-21 and miR-27b levels and prognosis of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma. Methods A total of 118 patients with renal clear cell carcinoma admitted to the Qinghai University Hospital from February 2019 to April 2021 were selected as the study subjects, and another 118 healthy patients in the same period as the control group. Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-21 and miR-27b in the serum of all subjects. The relative expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-27b between the patients with renal clear cell carcinoma and healthy control patients were compared. The expression and correlation of serum miR-21 and miR-27b in the patients with renal clear cell carcinoma of different pathological stages and Fuhrman grading were analyzed. The relationship between the expression of serum miR-21 and miR-27b and the survival and prognosis of the patients was explored as well. Results The expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-27b in the patients with renal clear cell carcinoma were higher than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). The serum miR-21 expression level in stage IE patients was higher than in stage I (P < 0.05), while the serum miR-21 expression level in the stage IV patients was higher than that in stages I, II, and IE (P < 0.05). The expression level of miR-27b in the serum of patients gradually increased across the four stages, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). The pathological staging was positively correlated with the expression of miR-21 and miR-27b (P < 0.001). The expression levels of miR-21 and miR-27b in serum of patients gradually increased across grades I, E and IE by Fuhrman grading, with significant difference (P < 0.05). Fuhrman grading was positively correlated with the serum miR-21 and miR-27b expression (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the survival curve between the miR-21 high expression group and the low expression group ( P < 0.05 ) . There was a statistically significant difference in the survival curve between the high expression group and the low expression group of miR-27b (P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-27b in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma is indicative of the progression and prognosis of the patient's condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: From the pathological mechanism of Western medicine, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is the key pathogenic factor of lumbar spinal stenosis, and there is a lack of biological information on lumbar spinal stenosis of the Qi deficiency and blood stasis type. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare differential protein expression between hypertrophic and normal ligamentum flavum in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis of the Qi deficiency and blood stasis type. METHODS: Ligamentum flavum tissue samples were collected from six lumbar spinal stenosis patients with Qi deficiency and blood stasis, including three cases of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (experimental group) and three cases of normal ligamentum flavum (control group). 4D Label free quantitative proteomic detection was performed to screen differentially expressed proteins. Gene oncology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used for enrichment analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 183 differentially expressed proteins between the two groups, including 87 up-regulated and 96 down-regulated. Gene oncology enrichment analysis showed that biological processes mainly focused on cell processes, biological regulation and response to stimuli. Cell composition was concentrated in cell, intracellular, and protein-complex species. The main molecular functions included linkage, catalytic activity and molecular function regulator. The up-regulated proteins were mainly enriched to lysosomal signaling pathway, rheumatoid arthritis signaling pathway, and Staphylococcus aureus infection signaling pathway, while the down-regulated proteins were enriched to eight signaling pathways, namely p53 signaling pathway, renal cell carcinoma signaling pathway, transforming growth factor β signaling pathway, ubiquitin-mediated protein hydrolysis signaling pathway, Ca signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway, and proteoglycan signaling pathway in cancer. INHBA, MMP14, TNC, HTRA1, FGF2 were the important differentially expressed proteins in the experimental group. To conclude, there are differential protein expressions between hypertrophic and normal ligamentum flavum in patients with Qi-stagnation and blood-stasis type lumbar spinal stenosis. INHBA may be the determinant of this disease, and its mechanism may be the activation of transforming growth factor β/Smad related signaling pathway, causing ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and subsequently leading to lumbar spinal stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective：To discuss the risk factors of renal function preservation and trifecta of the patients with renal cell carcinoma(RCC) after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), and to provide the evidences for the preperative evaluation, postoperative treatment and long-term follow-up. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on the the clinical data of 111 cases of RCC patients undergoing RAPN. The patients were divided into trifecta group (n=73) and non-trifecta group(n=38) according to whether the trifecta outcome was achieved； according to the changes of 24 h etimated glomerular fltration rates(eGFR) before and after operation, the patients were divided into postoperative 24 h eGFR decreasing ≤10% group(n=85) and postoperative 24 h eGFR decreasing>10% group(n=26). The age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA) score, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, preoperative eGFR, percentages of postoperative 24 h eGFR change, hilar tumor, dorsal ventral positions of tumor, maximum tumor diameters, sugrical aproaches, warm ischemia time(WIT), intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL), tumor pathological types, tumor TNM stages, RENAL scores, PADUA scores, central indexes (C-index), renal tumor invasion indexes (RTII), and tumor contact area (CSA)of the patients in two groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the patients’ achievement of trifecta and the postoperative 24 h eGFR decreasing>10%. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the changes of postoperative 24 h eGFR. Results：A total of 73 patients achieved trifecta among all the 111 patients. The univariate analysis results showed that there were statistically significant differences in age, hypertension, tumor maximum diameter, RENAL score, PADUA score, C-index, RTII, CSA, and EBL of the patients in trifecta group and non-trifecta group. The multivariate Logistic analysis results showed that EBL was an independent influencing factor for failing to achieve trifecta of the patients after RAPN(OR=1. 006, 95%CI=1. 001— 1. 011, P=0. 020). There were statistically significant differences in tumor maximum diameters, RENAL scores, PADUA scores, C-indexes, RTII, CSA, WIT, EBL, and tumor TNM stages of the patients (P<0. 05) in 24 h postoperative eGFR decreasing > 10% and postoperative 24 h eGFR decreaing ≤10% groups. The multivariate Logisitc regression analysis results showed that RTII was an independent influencing factor for the postoperative 24 h eGFR decreasing> 10% of the patients (OR=4. 442, 95%CI=1. 049—18. 806, P=0. 043). The tumor maximum diameter, RENAL, PADUA, C-index, RTII, CSA, WIT, EBL, and tumor TNM stage had no correlation with the postoperative eGFR changes； RTII had negative correlationship with postoperative 24 h eGFR changes ( B=-7. 204, 95%CI= -14. 305－－0. 102, P=0. 047). Conclusion：EBL is an independent influencing factor for failure to achieve trifecta outcomes of the patients after RAPN； RTII is negatively correlated with the postoperative 24 h eGFR changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging features of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-RCC) in order to improve clinical understandings of this disease. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on all pathologically confirmed FH-RCC patients in our hospital from 2020 to 2022. Their clinical information, pathological data and imaging features were collected and analyzed with descriptive study. Results There were 6 pathologically confirmed FH-RCC patients (8 tumors) enrolled, and they were 4 males and 2 females, at an age of 27~48 year. Imaging Results showed that 62.5% (5/8) tumors were cystic solid lesions and 37.5% (3/8) were pure solid lesions. One lesion showed mixed signal on MRI and limited diffusion of the solid component of the lesion on diffusion-weighted imaging. Enhanced scanning displayed 71.4% (5/7) had progressive enhancement of the solid portion of the lesion, and 75.0% (6/8) had invasion of the renal sinus, including 1 case with simultaneous invasion of the adrenal gland. Retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis was 66.7% (4/6) cases on first examination. All 6 patients were treated with surgical resection, and 66.7% (4/6) had metastases at 2 to 21 (6.8±7.8) months of follow-up. Conclusion Radiological features of FH-RCC were mainly cystic solid occupancy with a thin cystic wall and progressive enhancement of the solid part after contrast enhancements.

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the effect of IL-37 on the biological behavior of renal cell carcinoma cells and further to explore its potential mechanism. Methods: The expressions of IL-37 mRNA and miR-106b-5p in renal cell carcinoma tissues were measured using RT-qPCR. The expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10（ PTEN） protein in renal cell carcinoma tissues were detected by Western blot. Renal cell carcinoma 786-0 cells were divided into control group, IL-37 （10, 50, 100 ng/ml） groups, anti-miR-NC group, anti-miR-106b-5p group, IL-37+miR-NC group and IL-37+miR-106b-5p group. MTT method, plate cloning assay, scratch healing assay and flow cytometry were applied to detect the viability, colony formation migration and apoptosis of 786-0 cell respectively. Luciferase experiment was performed to confirm the targeting relationship between miR-106b-5p and PTEN. Results: The expression of miR-106b-5p in renal cell carcinoma tissue was significantly increased （P<0.05）, while the expressions of IL-37 mRNA and PTEN protein were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group, the cell viability, colony formation number, migration distance, miR-106b-5p expression in IL-37 （10, 50, 100 ng/ml） groups were significantly decreased（ P<0.05）, apoptosis rate and PTEN protein expression were significantly increased（ P<0.05）. Compared with the anti-miRNC group, the cell viability, colony formation number and migration distance in anti-miR-106b-5p group were significantly reduced （P<0.05）, and apoptosis rate and PTEN protein expression were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with IL-37+miR-NC group, the cell viability, colony formation number, and migration distance in IL-37+miR-106b-5p group were significantly increased （P<0.05）, and apoptosis rate and PTEN protein expression were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. PTEN is the target gene of miR-106b-5p. Conclusion: Exogenous IL-37 can inhibit cell proliferation and migration, and induce cell apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma, whose anti-tumor mechanism may be achieved by inhibiting miR-106b-5p/PTEN pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the three major urinary system tumors. With the changes of lifestyle and the rise of obesity, hypertension and other diseases, the incidence of RCC is increasing. The onset of RCC is hidden, and RCC has strong heterogeneity. Most RCC patients are found accidentally by imaging examination, so many patients were diagnosed in the advanced stage. Although the emergence of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has greatly prolonged the survival time of patients with advanced RCC, due to many pathological types of RCC, it is still difficult for many patients to benefit from the systematic treatment. Many basic and clinical studies are devoted to the development of new targets or drugs to prolong the survival time of patients. This article reviewed the advances in the research, diagnosis and treatment of RCC in 2022.

AIM: To investigate the role of HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2（ HECW2） in the viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma（ KIRC） cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS: The expression levels of HECW2 in pan-cancer were analyzed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis （GEPIA） database, and SangerBox database was used to determine the relationship between HECW2 expression levels and immune infiltration/prognosis in pan-cancer. Furthermore, the role of HECW2 in KIRC and the underlying mechanisms were explored in vitro experiments. The expression levels of HECW2 in KIRC cell lines were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The effect of HECW2 knockdown on the viability of KIRC cells was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The effect of HECW2 knockdown on the apoptosis of KIRC cells was determined by flow cytometry. Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were used to evaluate the effect of HECW2 knockdown on the migration and invasion of KIRC cells. In addition, Western blot and ChIP-qPCR were used to investigate whether HECW2 affected KIRC cells under the transcriptional activation by cAMP response element-binding protein 1（ CREB1）. RESULTS: Pancancer analysis showed that HECW2 was significantly overexpressed in KIRC and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but was remarkedly underexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma, and the expression level of HECW2 was significantly positively correlated with the immune infiltration level of these four cancers above. However, only the survival of KIRC patients had a significant difference between high and low HECW2 expression groups. The higher expression level of HECW2, the longer survival time （such as overall survival, disease-specific survival and progression-free interval） and the better prognosis of KIRC patients. In vitro experiments results showed that HECW2 was significantly highly expressed both in KIRC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of HECW2 significantly inhibited the viability, invasion and migration, but promoted the apoptosis of KIRC cells. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of HECW2 were significantly reduced in KIRC cells with CREB1 knockdown, while the opposite result was observed in KIRC cells overexpressing CREB1. Furthermore, ChIP-qPCR results showed that CREB1 could bind to the promoter region of HECW2, suggesting that HECW2 can be activated by the transcription factor CREB1. CONCLUSION: HECW2 enhances the viability, invasion and migration of KIRC cells under the transcriptional activation by CREB1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Renal cell carcinoma is a common adult renal malignancy. The assessment of its prognosis and related influencing factors is crucial to treatment planning. Prediction of prognosis has been challenging because of the high heterogeneity of renal cell carcinoma. CT, MRI and PET/CT imaging can provide accurate technical tools for the assessment of prognostic-related factors of renal cell carcinoma, and play an important role in realizing individual precision treatment. The purpose of this paper was to review and analyze the current status and progress of research on medical imaging to assess the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma and its related influencing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of the mixed renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patient with co-existence of unilateral renal eosinophilic papillary renal cell carcinoma (OPRCC) and renal clear cell carcinoma (CCRCC), and to improve the understandings of this disease. Methods: The clinical data of one RCC patient with co-existence of OPRCC and CCRCC were retrospectively analyzed, and the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the patient were analyzed in combination with the literature review. A 52-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to a right renal mass detected by physical examination. The results of plain scan and enhancement CT of both kidneys showed space-occupying lesions of the right kidney, which was highly likely considered to be malignant. The laparoscopic partial nephrectomy was performed. Results: The postoperative pathological results showed mixed RCC (lower pole of right kidney). The results of immunohistochemical staining showed CK (AE/AE3) (partial +), Vimentin (partial +), EMA (partial +), CK7 (+), CD10 (+), CAIX (partial +), P504s (+), PAX-8 (weak +), TFE3 (－), HMB45 (－), MelanA (－), SDHB (+) and Ki-67 (the positive rate was 2%). The mixed RCC of the right kidney was diagnosed. The patient recovered quickly after operation and did not receive any adjuvant therapy. The CT examination results showed no local tumor recurrence and metastasis 3 months after operation, and no discomfort symptoms were found during the follow-up 6 months after operation. Conclusion: The RCC patient with co-existence of OPRCC and CCRCC has no specific clinical manifestations, and the diagnosis mainly depends on the histopathological examination. Surgery is the first choice for the treatment; the malignant degree of the tumor is low, the progression is slow, the prognosis is good, and the long-term and close follow-up is still needed after operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies in genitourinary cancers. In China, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma has been increasing year by year. Regulated cell death is a cell-independent and orderly death controlled by genes, which is ubiquitous in organisms and plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell homeostasis. Recently, cuproptosis was reported in Science, which further reinforced the importance of cell death in living organisms. With the increasing understanding of regulated cell death, more and more studies have shown that regulated cell death (such as ferroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis) is closely related to the tumorigenesis and development of renal cell carcinoma. For example, induction of ferroptosis inhibits the invasion and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma and is closely related with better prognosis; pyroptosis not only induce renal cancer cell death and also activate the immune-response against renal cancer; autophagy plays a "bidirectional" role in renal cell carcinoma, which can inhibit the growth of renal cell carcinoma cells but may weaken the efficacy of combinational therapy; inhibition of apoptosis and necrotizing apoptosis can significantly promote the proliferation and invasion of renal cell carcinoma. This review has summarized the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, apoptosis and necrotizing apoptosis and the advances of different regulatory cell death in the tumorigenesis and development of renal cell carcinoma to provide a new perspective for exploring the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and potential targets of treatment.

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the three major urinary system tumors. With the changes of lifestyle and the rise of obesity, hypertension and other diseases, the incidence of RCC is increasing. The onset of RCC is hidden, and RCC has strong heterogeneity. Most RCC patients are found accidentally by imaging examination, so many patients were diagnosed in the advanced stage. Although the emergence of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has greatly prolonged the survival time of patients with advanced RCC, due to many pathological types of RCC, it is still difficult for many patients to benefit from the systematic treatment. Many basic and clinical studies are devoted to the development of new targets or drugs to prolong the survival time of patients. This article reviewed the advances in the research, diagnosis and treatment of RCC in 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrecto- my for localized renal cell carcinoma. Methods: 92 patients with localized renal cancer who were diagnosed and treated in Affiliated Central Hospital of Jiangnan University from June 2015 to June 2017 were selected as the study subjects. All patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Collect clinical data of patients. Perioperative related indexes, changes of renal function and complications were observed. Follow up for 5 years, Kaplan Meier method was used to analyze the prognosis of patients with localized renal cell carcinoma. Multivariate COX proportional hazard regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with localized renal cell carcinoma, and a Log (P/1-P) regression prediction model for prognosis evaluation was established. Results: There was no significant change in renal function before and after operation (P>0.05). After retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, the total incidence of complications was 5.43% (5/92); Kaplan Meier survival curve showed that the 5-year cumulative survival rate of patients with localized renal cell carcinoma was 66.28% (57/86). The patients were divided into death group (n=29) and survival group (n=57) according to their 5-year prognostic. Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of Fuhrma in death group with moderate and low differentiation, regional lymph node metastasis, aggregation system invasion and deep vein invasion was higher than that in survival group (P<0.05). The results of COX regression model analysis showed that Fuhrma with moderate and low differentiation, regional lymph node metastasis and aggregation system invasion were risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (P<0.05). Log (P/1-P) regression prediction model has higher prediction efficiency, AUC (0.95CI) was 0.877 (0.818~ 0.929). Conclusion: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has a good clinical effect on patients with localized renal cell carcinoma. The renal function is less affected and the incidence rate of complications is lower; The risk factors for the prognosis of patients with localized renal cell carcinoma include Fuhrma grade of moderate to low differentiation, regional lymph node metastasis and invasion of the collecting system, which are of high prognostic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：To discuss the expression level of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) in pan-cancer tissue，survival and immune characteristics of the patients by bioinformatics analysis, and to elucidate the value of MSR1 as a new biomarker for the tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and immunotherapy. Methods：Clinical Bioinformatic Database and Sangerbox Database were used to analyze the expression levels of MSR1 mRNA in normal tissue and tumor tissue，the expression of MSR1 protein was analyzed by The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) Database，and univariate survival analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of MSR1，and the expressions of MSR1 in various types of cells were analyzed with single-cell sequencing results from Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub (TISCH) Database；Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER2. 0)，Tumor Immune Syngeneic Mouse (TISMO), Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE), and Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA) Databases were used to analyze the correlations between the MSR1 expression level in pan-cancer tissue and immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint gene expression, and immune treatment response. Results：Compared with normal tissue, the expression levels of MSR1 mRNA in 17 kinds of tumor tissues including breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA)，colon adenocarcinoma (COAD)，esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC)，kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP)，brain low-grade glioma (LGG)，liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC)，ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV)，pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD)，prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD)，skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM)，stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD)，testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT)，thyroid carcinoma (THCA), and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) were increased (P<0. 01)；compared with normal tissue，the expression levels of MSR1 protein in breast cancer, endometrial cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, skin melanoma, testis cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer tissues were increased in varying degrees. The high expressions of MSR1 in bladder urothelial carcinoma ［BLCA, hazard ratio (HR)=1. 01，P=0. 047, 95%CI (1. 00，1. 03)］, LGG ［HR=1. 03，P<0. 001，95%CI (1. 02，1. 04)］, LIHC ［HR=1. 04，P= 0. 007，95%CI (1. 01，1. 07)］, OV ［HR=1. 02，P=0. 028，95%CI (1. 00，1. 03)］, STAD ［HR=1. 02, P=0. 016，95%CI (1. 00，1. 04)］, THCA［HR=1. 06，P=0. 006，95%CI (1. 02，1. 11)］ and uveal melanoma ［UVM, HR=1. 18，P=0. 044，95%CI (1. 00，1. 40)］ were correlated with the poor overall survival (OS) of the patients； the high expression of MSR1 in LGG ［HR=1. 03，P<0. 001，95%CI (1. 02, 1. 04)]，the uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC］，［HR=1. 05，P=0. 038，95%CI (1. 00, 1. 10)], and UVM ［HR=1. 2，P=0. 036，95%CI (1. 01，1. 41)］ was correlated with poor disease-specific surival (DSS). The single-cell sequencing results indicated that MSR1 was mainly expressed in the dendritic cell (DC) and monocyte-macrophage. The MSR1 expression was positive correlated with various kinds of immune cell infiltrations (P<0. 05)，including CD8+ T lymphocytes, natural killing (NK) cells, regulatory T lymphocytes, and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF). There were significant positive correlations between MSR1 and classical immune checkpoint gene and immunotherapy response marker (P<0. 05). Conclusion：MSR1 is highly expressed in lots of tumor tissues and is closely associated with the poor prognosis and immune factors of lots of tumor patients. MSR1 may be a diagnostic tumor marker and a predictor of tumor prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy, and has the potential to be a new therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To investigate the manifestations and difference of ultrasonographic images between child nephroblastoma (WT) and child renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods The ultrasonographic manifestation in 37 cases of child WT and 8 cases of child RCC examined by preoperative ultrasound in the ultrasound department of this hospital verified by operation and pathology from May 2015 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The ultrasonographic manifestation differences from the onset age, tumor size, inner echo and blood stream signals were comapared between the two groups. Results There were statistically significant differences in the onset age (P =0.001) and tumor size(P <0.001) between WT and RCC, and there were certain differences in internal images between some types of WT and RCC (P < 0.001). Conclusion Sonographers could improve their understanding on WT and RCC based on the differences in tumor size and onset age and combining with ultrasound images [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Oncology Journal is the property of Journal of Practical Oncology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper summarized the nursing management of a patient with renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extension into the vena cava combined with atrial fibrillation. Key issues of nursing included illness observation, medication guidance, skin care, prevention and nursing of lower limb vein thrombosis, nutrition support, psychological care, and so on. (总结1例肾癌并下腔静脉癌栓合并心房颤动患者的护理经验。护理要点包括病情观察、用药护理、皮肤护理、下肢静脉血栓的护理、营养支持及心理护理等。)

Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies in genitourinary cancers. In China, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma has been increasing year by year. Regulated cell death is a cell-independent and orderly death controlled by genes, which is ubiquitous in organisms and plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell homeostasis. Recently, cuproptosis was reported in Science, which further reinforced the importance of cell death in living organisms. With the increasing understanding of regulated cell death, more and more studies have shown that regulated cell death (such as ferroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis) is closely related to the tumorigenesis and development of renal cell carcinoma. For example, induction of ferroptosis inhibits the invasion and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma and is closely related with better prognosis; pyroptosis not only induce renal cancer cell death and also activate the immune-response against renal cancer; autophagy plays a "bidirectional" role in renal cell carcinoma, which can inhibit the growth of renal cell carcinoma cells but may weaken the efficacy of combinational therapy; inhibition of apoptosis and necrotizing apoptosis can significantly promote the proliferation and invasion of renal cell carcinoma. This review has summarized the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, apoptosis and necrotizing apoptosis and the advances of different regulatory cell death in the tumorigenesis and development of renal cell carcinoma to provide a new perspective for exploring the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and potential targets of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To predict the 3-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with non-metastatic T 3a renal cell carcinoma after surgery., Methods: A total of 336 patients with pathologically confirmed T 3a N0-1M0 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who underwent surgical treatment at the Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital from March 2013 to February 2021 were retrospectively collected. The patients were randomly divided into a training cohort of 268 cases and an internal validation cohort of 68 cases at an 4 ∶ 1 ratio. Using two-way Lasso regression, variables were selected to construct a nomogram for predicting the 3-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) of the patients with T 3a N0-1M0 RCC. Performance assessment of the nomogram included evaluation of discrimination and calibration ability, as well as clinical utility using measures such as the concordance index (C-index), time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [time-dependent area under the curve (AUC)], calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Risk stratification was determined based on the nomogram scores, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank tests were employed to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) among the patients in the different risk groups., Results: Based on the Lasso regression screening results, the nomogram was constructed with five variables: tumor maximum diameter, histological grading, sarcomatoid differentiation, T 3a feature, and lymph node metastasis. The baseline data of the training and validation sets showed no statistical differences ( P >0.05). The consistency indices of the column diagram were found to be 0.808 (0.708- 0.907) and 0.903 (0.838-0.969) for the training and internal validation sets, respectively. The AUC values for 3-year cancer-specific survival were 0.843 (0.725-0.961) and 0.923 (0.844-1.002) for the two sets. Calibration curves of both sets demonstrated a high level of consistency between the actual CSS and predicted probability. The decision curve analysis (DCA) curves indicated that the column diagram had a favorable net benefit in clinical practice. A total of 336 patients were included in the study, with 35 cancer-specific deaths and 69 postoperative recurrences. According to the line chart, the patients were divided into low-risk group (scoring 0-117) and high-risk group (scoring 119-284). Within the low-risk group, there were 16 tumor-specific deaths out of 282 cases and 36 postoperative recurrences out of 282 cases. In the high-risk group, there were 19 tumor-specific deaths out of 54 cases and 33 post-operative recurrences out of 54 cases. There were significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) between the low-risk and high-risk groups ( P < 0.000 1)., Conclusion: A nomogram model predicting the 3-year CSS of non-metastatic T 3a renal cell carcinoma patients was successfully constructed and validated in this study. This nomogram can assist clinicians in accurately assessing the long-term prognosis of such patients.

Objective To explore the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived exosomes on the proliferation, invasion and migration and lipid metabolism of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, and investigate the possible mechanism. Methods Firstly, the exosomes derived from mouse BMSCs were identified by transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting. The exosomes uptake experiment of BMSCs was subsequently used to verify whether the derived exosomes could be absorbed by renal cancer cells. RCC Renca cells were divided into control (PBS) and experiment group (20 μg/mL derived exosomes). The proliferation, invasion and migration were measured by CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay, respectively. Metabolite levels were measured with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the differences between the 2 groups of cells. Finally, Western blotting and real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were utilized to detect the expression of key enzymes of cholesterol metabolism. Results Exosomes were successfully derived from the supernatant of mouse BMSCs. Transmission electron microscopy displayed that the mBMSC-derived exosomes showed typical cup-shaped vesicles. Western blotting showed that the levels of exosome-specific proteins CD63 and CD9 were highly expressed after exosome treatment. And the obtained exosomes could be uptaken by RCC cells. The derived exosome treatment significantly promoted proliferation (P < 0.05) and invasion and migration (P < 0.01) in RCC cells. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated that the treatment also resulted in decreased level of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) (P < 0.05) and elevated level of cholesterol (P < 0.05) in RCC cells. Moreover, the treatment could affect the cholesterol metabolism of RCC cells via regulating the expression levels of HMGCR, CYP7A1 and CYP7B1, and thus promote the cell proliferation and invasion and migration. Conclusion BMSCs-derived exosomes can affect the cholesterol metabolism by regulating the key enzymes, and thus promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of RCC cells.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-d RCC) so as to further understand this rare tumor. Methods Two cases with FH-d RCC diagnosed in our hospital from 2010 to 2020 were studied by histopathological observation, immunohistochemical staining (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and next generation sequencing (NGS), respectively. A literature review was also performed. Results Both patients were males and aged 34 and 35 years respectively. In case 1, the tumor affected bilateral kidneys with renal hilar lymph node metastasis, whose tumor cells displayed papillary and glandular patterns with high-grade morphology. In case 2, the tumor was located in the upper pole of the kidney and afflicted the adrenal gland; the tumor cells in most areas were well differentiated, presenting tubular and cystic arrangement in varying sizes, and were surrounded by focal areas of low differentiation. Eosinophilic viral inclusion-like macronucleoli and perinucleolar halos are observed in some tumor nuclei of both cases. Besides positive staining for epithelial and renal markers by IHC, both tumors showed negative for CK7 and focal positive for CA9 (CK7-/CA9+). FH expression was absent in case 1 while retained in case 2, but somatic FH gene mutations were detected in both cases by NGS. Moreover, no rearrangement of TFE3 gene was found by FISH. Conclusion FH-d RCC is a rare high-grade renal cell carcinoma with FH gene mutation, often showing highly aggressive behavior and poor prognosis, whose typical histopathologic features include the papillary arrangement of tumor cells, eosinophilic viral inclusion-like macronucleoli and perinucleolar halos.

Objective To investigate the imaging characteristics of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of five children with Xp11.2 tRCC confirmed by surgery and pathology in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2020. Four cases underwent CT plain scan and contrast-enhanced examination, and one case underwent MRI plain scan, contrast-enhanced examination and DWI examination. We observed and analyzed the location, size, shape, boundary, composition, enhancement pattern and degree, the relation with the renal hilum and adjacent large vessels, and the metastasis of the tumor. Results All cases were cortical-medullary type. Four cases were solid/cystic-solid lesions, iso- or slightly hyper-density on CT scans with calcification and necrosis, in which a few with bleeding or cystic lesions. Enhanced scanning primarily showed mild to moderate enhancement, and enhancement of pseudocapsule was seen during the delayed phase. One case was cystic lesion, the cystic fluid presented as hypo-density on CT, and T1 hypo-intensity and T2 hyper-intensity, as well as restricted diffusion on DWI. No enhancement was found in the cystic part after enhancement. There were irregular and thickened cystic wall and septum, and mural nodules on enhanced MRI. Conclusion Several characteristics of Xp11.2 tRCC in children could be drawn. Punctate and patchy calcifications in or around the solid/cystic-solid lesions and delayed "pseudocapsule sign" are typical. The possibility of Xp11.2 tRCC should be considered when there are irregular and thickened cystic wall and septum and the enhancement of mural nodules.

To explore the expression and prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes in patients with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), relevant sequencing data of KIRC were downloaded from the TCGA database and intersected with retrieved ferroptosis-related genes for difference analysis. Then, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used for screening the genes with prognostic value. The risk scoring model was constructed to predict the survival of patients, and the model was verified. The high and low risk groups were enriched with GO and KEGG pathways to explore the possible reasons for the risk differences. The ssGSEA analysis was used to assess the level of immune infiltration between the high and low risk groups. In the tumor tissues and normal tissues of KIRC patients, a total of 21 differential ferroptosis-related genes were obtained. Through univariate Cox regression analysis, 28 genes related to the prognosis of KIRC were obtained. Then Lasso regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed, and results showed that ten genes were included in the model. The calculation formula was: risk score 二(0.024 5) X ALOX5 expression value + (0.126 0) X CBS expression value + (0.199 5) X CD44 expression value+(0.218 3) XCHAC1 expression value+(-0.295 9) XHMGCR expression value+(0.036 7) X MT1G expression value+(0.061 4)xSLC7A11 expression value+(-0.080 7)xFDFT1 expression value+(0.160 3) XPEBP1 expression value+(-0.220 5) XGOT1 express value. The survival status diagram showed that the high risk group had more deaths than the low risk group. The ROC curve showed that the risk scoring model had certain predictive ability. K-M survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate of the high risk group was lower than that of the low risk group (P = 5.73 X 10 13). The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that there were significant differences in the immune status and IL-17 signaling pathway between the high and low risk groups. Further ssGSEA enrichment showed that there were significant differences in the scores of most immune cells between the high and low risk groups. The prognostic risk scoring model based on ferroptosis-related genes can be used to predict the prognosis of KIRC, and designing targets for ferroptosis-related genes may be a new option for the treatment of KIRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To analyze the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic survival characteristics of patients with primary lymphoma of the urogenital system. Methods Clinical data of 22 patients with primary lymphoma of the urogenital system from January 2011 to June 2021 in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients included 20 males and 2 females, and their average age was (66.2 ± 8.8) years. Lesion sites distributed at left adrenal gland (stage IV,1 case), right kidney (stage IIIE,1 case), bladder (stage I,2 cases), prostate (stage II,1 case), penis (stage IIIA,2 cases), and testis (stage I, 8 cases, stage II, 3 cases, stage IIIE, 3 cases and stage IIIES, 1 case). Treatment methods included 16 cases of radical surgery (14 cases of unilateral orchiectomy, 1 case of bilateral orchiectomy, 1 case of right radical nephrectomy), 1 case of partial cystectomy, 1 case of palliative adrenalectomy, biopsy 4 cases were confirmed (2 cases of penis, 1 case of prostate and 1 case of bladder). There were 2 cases of post-operative radiotherapy and 19 cases of post-operative chemotherapy. The regimens were CHOP in 8 cases, R-CHOP in 5 cases, R-COP in 2 cases, RVP in 1 case, R-CP in 1 case, R-CO in 1 case and rituximab alone in 1 case. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to compare survival time between groups of patients with different clinical and laboratory parameters, and the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate progression-free survival（PFS）and overall survival（OS）. Results Seven of the 22 patients (1 with MALT lymphoma of the bladder and 21 with DLBCL) relapsed, with a median relapse time of 21.25 months (range: 0.5 to 70.2 months). Patients’median PFS was 34.2 months (95% CI, 19.5-48.8 months) and median OS was 35.5 months (95% CI, 20.9-50.0 months). Tumor stage correlated with patient OS and PFS, with a median OS of 43.0 months (95% Cl, 24.8 to 61.3) for stage I-II compared to 15.2 months (95% Cl, 1 to 34.3 months) for stage III-IV, with a P-value of 0.004; and a median PFS of 41.8 months (95% Cl, 23.4 to 60.1) for stage I-II, with a P-value of 0.004. compared with a median OS of 13.9 months (95% Cl, 0 to 33.3 months) in stages III-IV, with a P-value of 0.032. The IPI score was also meaningful. The median OS time of patients with IPI score 0-2 was 43.0 months (95% CI, 23.9-61.2), and the median OS time of patients with IPI score 3-5 was 19.4 months (95%). Cl, 0-41.4 months), the P-value was 0.022; the median PFS time of patients with IPI score 0-2 was 42.3 months (95%Cl, 23.3-61.2 months), and the median PFS time of patients with higher IPI score 3-5 was 16.8months (95% Cl, 0-39.0 months), the P-value was 0.004. Conclusion Primary lymphoma of the genitourinary system is a rare and aggressive tumor. Earlier tumor stage and a lower IPI score (0-2) are associated with better survival in this tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma (ACD-RCC) is the most common type of RCC seen in patients with end-stage renal disease and acquired cystic kidney disease, and was added to the list of RCC subtypes in the 2016 World Health Organization classification. ACD-RCC is generally believed to be indolent, however, some tumors may show local recurrence and distant metastasis. Periodic screening should be performed in dialysis patients, especially in younger patients with minor comorbidities, early detection and early intervention can improve the prognosis and quality of life. Literatures published at home and abroad mainly focused on it's clinicopathological features, there is scarce research describing the imaging appearance, prognosis and surveillance of ACD-RCC. This paper summarizes the epidemiology, etiology, pathological features, imaging manifestations, treatment, prognosis and surveillance ofACD-RCC, and aims to provide a compressive understanding of the disease for clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Oncology Journal is the property of Journal of Practical Oncology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The incidence of renal malignancies is increasing each year. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for approximately 80% of all renal malignancies. Its unique genetic background and mutation features involve dysregulation of homeostasis within the tumor microenvironment (TME) represented by pathways such as hypoxic signaling, glycolytic metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has become the first line of treatment for patients with advanced ccRCC. However, the efficacy of combination therapy has yet to be improved, and there is an urgent need for biomarkers that can assist the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Multi-omics studies have investigated aberrant abnormalities in molecular pathways of ccRCC in recent years. The ccRCC undergoes metabolic reprogramming and prefers inefficient glycolysis as a significant energy source even under normoxia to support unlimited proliferation. In addition, abnormalities in the aerobic glycolytic pathway have been associated with poor prognosis. Dysregulated glycolytic signaling promotes tumor progression and interacts with immune cells within the TME in ccRCC, resulting in an imbalance between pro and antitumor immunity, creating a suppressive immune microenvironment, promoting tumor immune escape, and impairing antitumor effects of immunotherapy. Therefore, integrating the aerobic glycolytic pathway and the immune microenvironment as an entry point, limiting tumor progression by restricting aberrant glycolytic metabolism broadens therapeutic options for ccRCC and pan-cancer treatments. However, further research is required on maximizing the metabolic reprogramming that tumor cells harbor in the complex TME to convert it into a therapeutic target and apply it in clinical practice. Glycolytic inhibitors in combination with ICI or TKI might be a novel strategy that demonstrates synergistic antitumor effects and overcomes resistance in treating human cancers. This review analyzes the correlations between essential rate-limiting enzymes, transporters, glycolytic pathway inhibitors, and the tumor immune microenvironment in ccRCC. Then we summarize the effects of glycolytic inhibitors in human cancers and alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment. Along with the potential clinical translational value in combination with targeted therapy or immunotherapy, targeting glycolysis will provide new insights for the clinical treatment of ccRCC and bring clinical benefits to patients in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, immunotherapy has sprung up in the treatment of advanced renal clear cell carcinoma, giving people a new understanding of tumor treatment. The mechanism of these immunotherapy drugs is to inhibit the immune escape of tumor cells by suppressing immune checkpoints, so that the immune cells could kill tumor cells to play a therapeutic role. Therefore, understanding the immune escape mechanism related to immune checkpoints in renal clear cell carcinoma is essential for formulating effective treatment strategies and developing new immunotherapy drugs. This article reviews the immune escape mechanisms related to the main immune checkpoints (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, B7-H4, LAG-3, TIM-3 and HLA-G) in renal clear cell cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)