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In the present study, we investigated the systematically induced production of defense-related compounds, including DIMBOA, total phenol, trypsin inhibitors (TI) and chymotrypsin inhibitor (CI), by Tetranychus cinnabarinus infestation in Zea mays. The first leaves of two corn inbred line seedlings, the mite-tolerant line 'H1014168' and the mite-sensitive line 'H1014591', were sucked by T. cinnabarinus adult female for seven days, and then the contents of DIMBOA, total phenol, TI and CI were measured in the second leaf and in the roots, respectively. Results showed that as compared to the unsucked control, all contents of DIMBOA, total phenol, TI and CI induced by T. cinnabarinus sucking were significantly higher in the second leaf of both inbred lines as well as in the roots of the mite?tolerant 'H1014168'. However, in the roots of 'H1014591', these defense compounds had different trends, where there was a higher induction of TI and a lower level of total phenol than that of the healthy control, while had almost no difference in DIMBOA and CI. These findings suggested that the infestation of T. cinnabarinus could systematically induce accumulation of defense-related compounds, and this effect was stronger in the mite-tolerant inbred line than in the mite-sensitive inbred line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the delay of interconnects might exceed the delay of the devices in very deep submicron realm, a novel on-chip bus structure model is proposed and designed. Multiple-valued logic (MVL) technique was used for communication between modules. Address-presetting was employed to improve the transmission efficiency. The designed structure was evaluated by ADMS simulation in a 0. 18 µm CMOS technology. The results show that, corresponding to address -- presetting binary bus, the number of bus is reduced significantly. In other words, with the same number of bus, the data throughput of designed bus using four-valued-logic technique could be increased by two times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After more than 30 years of development since the reform and opening-up policy was launched, the southeast coastal region has become the most developed area in China, with the most concentrated population and economy. But at the same time, frequent typhoon disaster chains, such as typhoon-heavy rainstorms-floods-landslides/debris flows threaten greatly the regional security and sustainable development. Based on the causal analysis of typhoon disasters and their domino effects along the coastal regions, several different types of disaster chains were figured Out and mapped, and their corresponding adaptation measures proposed from both engineering and non-engineering perspectives. Then a framework for regional sustainable development was put forward by following the characteristics of natural disasters and living risk, by integrating the engineering and non-engineering adaptive strategies, and by achieving in the end harmoniously the regional economic, social, and ecological developments. It can therefore become reference to regional disaster mitigation plans, the integrated risk governance, and sustainable development in the southeast coastal regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the active judiciary embodies the pursuing of truth, virtue and beauty of the natural historic law, active judiciary is conducive to build a harmonious society with law and morality as its key core. Practical reason is related to mechanism and competence for people to make decisions and act rightfully, serving as the theoretical foundation for active judiciary. The comparison between Chinese active judiciary and its western counterpart show that they both have similarities and differences. On the one hand, active judiciary is the basic feature of modern judicature. The border between "law instructed by judiciary" and "law interpreted by judiciary" is vaguer. On the other hand, substantial disparities do exist in the realization form of active judiciary as china and main western countries have different national situation. System innovation is the key step toward Political reform. On the microcosmic level in reality, innovation lies in the judicial concept and law principles, particularly, in the trial method and execution form. To achieve the justice and fairness entails an integrated usage of judicial remedy as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the arctrajectory pilling tester, forearm experiment and such testing methods, it tested and examined the changes of the dry mill pilling, pilling after wash, heat retaining property and prickle performance, that before and after the modification of superfine wool knits. The results showed that the dry mill pilling and pilling after wash of the organizational structure of the modified superfine wool knits was significantly better than unmodified, the number of superfine wool fiber in the same yarn cross- section was increased after modification, the heat retaining rate after modification increased by about 5% the prickle performance improved significantly after modification and the wearing comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a kind of diver delivery vehicles with relatively mature technology, the wet diver delivery vehicles have been used in the underwater delivery of diver for underwater military operations. The delivery of diver with semi-closed/closed circuit rebreather by wet diver delivery vehicles is influenced by multiple factors such as equipment and underwater environment, which significantly increases the risk for underwater diver. Although there are many risks and related treatments of underwater emergencies during diving with semi-closed/closed circuit rebreather has been introduced abroad, but the underwater risks related to the wet diver delivery vehicles and their treatments have not been reported so far. Herein, this study briefly introduce the potential risks in each phase of underwater delivery of diver with wet diver delivery vehicle and discuss the preliminary management of these risks, aiming to better understand the potential risks in each phase of underwater delivery of diver and timely treatment of these risks once they occur. This will benefit the future training of frogmen for underwater military operations and be helpful in the reduction of disability and mortality related to adverse events during underwater frogman delivery.

Given continuous development in society and the economy, obesity has become a global epidemic, arousing great concern. In addition to genetic and dietary factors, exposure to environmental chemicals is associated with the occurrence and development of obesity. Current research has indicated that some chemicals with endocrine-disrupting effects can affect lipid metabolism in vivo , causing elevated lipid storage. These chemicals are called "environmental obesogens". Synthetic phenolic compounds (SPCs) are widely used in industrial and daily products, such as plastic products, disinfectants, pesticides, food additives, and so on. The exposure routes of SPCs to the human body may include food and water consumption, direct skin contact, etc . Their unintended exposure could cause harmful effects on human health. As a type of endocrine disruptor, SPCs interfere with adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, exhibiting the characteristics of environmental obesogens. Because SPCs have similar phenolic structures, gathering information on their influences on lipid metabolism would be helpful to understand their structure-related effects. In this review, three commonly used research methods for screening environmental obesogens, including in vitro testing for molecular interactions, cell adipogenic differentiation models, and in vivo studies on lipid metabolism, are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are compared and discussed. Based on both in vitro and in vivo data, three types of SPCs, including bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues, alkylphenols (APs), and synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), are systematically discussed in terms of their ability to disrupt adipogenesis and lipid metabolism by focusing on adipose and hepatic tissues, among others. Common findings on the effects of these SPCs on adipocyte differentiation, lipid storage, hepatic lipid accumulation, and liver steatosis are described. The underlying toxicological mechanisms are also discussed from the aspects of nuclear receptor transactivation, inflammation and oxidative stress regulation, intestinal microenvironment alteration, epigenetic modification, and some other signaling pathways. Future research to increase public knowledge on the obesogenic effects of emerging chemicals of concern is encouraged.

The environmental effects of microplastics, which are considered a type of emerging contaminants, have attracted increasing concern due to their small size, large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity, and low degradability. Microplastics can change soil properties and affect the migration ability of nutrients and pollutants in soil, but their effects on the leaching of soil nutrients and heavy metals have not been sufficiently studied. A soil column leaching experiment was conducted to explore the effects of polystyrene (PS) and polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics at different mass fractions (0%, 0.2%, and 2%) on the leaching of nutrients and cadmium under simulated rainfall scenarios. The results showed that increasing rainfall intensity enhanced the leaching of nutrients and cadmium from soil. During downpour conditions, 2% PS significantly increased the leaching of total nitrogen and the content of available phosphorus in soil and reduced the leaching of inorganic phosphorus and the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil, whereas it increased the content of available potassium during heavy rain. By comparison, 2% PLA reduced the leaching of nitrate nitrogen during heavy rain and intense rainfall and decreased the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil during intense rainfall and downpour conditions and the content of total nitrogen in soil during downpours. In addition, 0.2% PLA significantly increased cadmium leaching during downpours. To conclude, the effects of microplastics on the leaching of nutrients and cadmium were dependent on the type and concentration of microplastics, as well as the rainfall level. Our findings showed that the microplastics derived from both nondegradable PS and biodegradable PLA could affect the leaching of nutrients and heavy metals from soil.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of PCa and provide some strategies for the clinical prevention and treatment of the malignancy., Methods: This study included 1 594 cases of pathologically diagnosed PCa after radical prostatectomy in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020. We collected the basic information about the patients, their main complaints and clinicopathological results, and analyzed the epidemiological and clinicopathological data., Results: The patients were aged from 28 to 93 years, and the number of PCa cases showed an overall upward trend from 2010 to 2020. Urinary system symptoms were most common (62.53%) as initial symptoms, followed by increased PSA (17.82%), PCa, prostate nodule, prostate mass (8.43%) and bone metastasis (2.94%) found at physical examinations, and the cases of PSA elevation among the clinic visitors increased year by year from 2010 to 2020. Gleason score 7 was found in a largest proportion of the PCa patients, and adenocarcinoma was the main pathological type (78.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that high Gleason score, instead of age and expressions of Ki67, AR and ERG, was an independent risk factor for intraductal carcinoma., Conclusion: The incidence of PCa shows an increasing trend, and is more common in those over 50 years old. PSA screening is gradually popularized in China. Intraductal carcinoma, as a major risk factor for aggressive PCa and poor prognosis of the malignancy, is significantly correlated with high Gleason scores.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of pregnant women with thalassemia in non endemic area, and to prevent the births of babies with intermedia or major thalassemia., Methods: Two hundred and thirty-five pregnants women with thalassemia diagnosed from March 2015 to April 2016 in our hospital were enrolled and retrospectively analysed. The blood routine and hemoglobin electrophoresis were performed respectively by XN-9000 automatic blood cell analyzer and HYDRASYS hemoglobin electrophoresis apparatus. The three commonest deletion of α-thalassemia, the three non-deletion α-thalassemia and 21 known β-thalassemia mutation were all detected by fluorescence melting curve analysis., Results: Among 235 pregnant women of thalassemia, the majority were β-thalassemia, which were followed by α-thalassemia and composite thalassemia. Most pregnant women showed a mild anemia, and suffered from microcytic anemia, but less suffered from iron deficiency anemia. The ratio of second-child pregnant women was increased, and the ratio was close to one third both in α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia patients, and 75% patients were composite thalassemia. HbF was found to be more in native pregnant women with β-thalassemia. Hemoglobin isomer was easy to found in the pregnant with α-thalassemia, and they were all non native. The genotype of -- sea were found majority in both native and non native pregnant women with thalassemia. The genotype of IVS-II-654 made up a large majority(55.38%) in native pregnant with β-thalassemia, as well as one of whose parents was native pregnant women. The genotypes of CD41-42,IVS-II-654 and CD17 were found to be a large majority in non native pregnant women, each of them accounted for 30%., Conclusion: More pregnant women with thalassemia are founded to be in non endemic area, and shows their own unique clinical features. It is certainly to detect thalassemia mutation in their spouse and their babies, to prevent the births of babies with intermedia or major thalassemia.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Xiongcan Yishen Prescription (XYP) on the expressions of cholesterol transport proteins, steroidogenic enzymes and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) in the Leydig cells of the rats with late-onset hypogonadism (LOH)., Methods: Twenty-five 18-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number, LOH model control, testosterone propionate (TP) and low-, medium- and high-dose XYP, and another 5 two-month-old male SD rats included as normal controls. After modeling, the animals in the TP group were treated by intramuscular injection of TP at 5.21 mg/kg qd alt, those in the low-, medium- and high-dose XYP groups intragastrically with XYP at 10.4, 20.8 and 41.6 g/kg qd alt respectively, and those in the LOH model and normal control groups with saline, all for 28 successive days. Then, all the rats were sacrificed for determination of the expressions of the cholesterol transport proteins StAR and TSPO, steroidogenic enzymes CYP11A1, HSD3B7 and HSD17B4, and SF-1 in the Leydig cells by Western blot., Results: The expressions of StAR, TSPO, CYP11A1, HSD3B7, HSD17B4 and SF-1 in the Leydig cells were significantly decreased in the LOH model controls compared with those in the normal controls (P< 0.05), but remarkably increased in the low-, medium- and high-dose XYP groups in comparison with those in the LOH model control group (P< 0.05)., Conclusions: Xiongcan Yishen Prescription can up-regulate the expressions of the cholesterol transport proteins StAR and TSPO, steroidogenic enzymes CYP11A1, HSD3B7 and HSD17B4, and SF-1 in the rat Leydig cells, which might be one of the possible mechanisms of the prescription in the treatment of LOH.

Objective: To investigate the effects of storage lesion in apheresis platelets on platelet apoptosis and the changes of aggregation function, and analyze the relationships between the apoptosis and aggregation function., Methods: Platelet samples were collected from 10 healthy donors with O blood group. Firstly, the effects of storage lesion in platelets on the platelet apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Then, using a multiplate analyzer, individual-donor Plt aggregation response to stimulation by the agonists ADP, Collagen, TRAP and ASPI was examined. Finally, the relationships between its apoptosis and aggregation function was analyzed by correlation regression analysis., Results: By flow cytometry it was found that with the prolonging of storage time, the apoptosis ratio of platelets significantly increased in a time-dependent manner, the apoptosis rates of platelets on 2nd, 5th and 8th day were (2.87±0.31)%, (11.08±1.54)% and (27.99±2.76)% respectively (P<0.01). Compared with Day 2 platelets, the d 5 platelets stored for 5 d significantly decrease the aggregation response to stimnlation of collagen, TRAP, and ASPI. Compared with platelets stored for 5 d, platelets stored for 8 d significantly decreased the aggregation response to stimnlation of collagen, TRAP and ASPI (P<0.01). However, when stimulated by ADP, the aggregation response was similar among Day 2, Day 5 and Day 8 platelets. The rate of the aggregation function was also declined significantly when stimulated by collagen, TRAP, and ASPI, but not ADP. Further regression analysis showed that the aggregation function of apheresis platelet negatively correlated with the apoptosis (r=-0.9497, r=-0.9527, r= -0.9707 and r= -0.9352 respectively), and the correlation is very strong., Conclusion: With the prolonging of storage time, the apoptosis ratio in platelets significantly increased. The aggregation function also is declined significantly when stimulated by collagen, TRAP, and ASPI, but not ADP. The aggregation function of apheresis platelets closly correlats with the apoptosis.

Objectives: To identify the role of DNA double-strain damage repairing pathway in the development of diabetics atherosclerosis., Methods: Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (group A), balloon injury group (group B) and diabetes + balloon injury group (group C). Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected into rat abdomen to induce diabetes. After stabilizing high glucose, rats in group B and group C were both under aortic balloon injury technique and fed high lipid forage post-operatively. Glucose levels and weight were observed weekly. Segments of aortoa of three groups were taken at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, staining of senescent β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, HE and changes of aorta under light microscope were observed. The area of tunica intima (I) and tunica media (M) in aorta was measured, and their ratio (I/M) were analyzed. Expressions of gamma-histong family 2A variant (γ-H2AX), phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), phosphorylated checkpoint kinasen 2 (CHK2) and phosphorylated P53 were detected by immunohistochemical staining., Results: SA-β-gal staining positive areas were dotted around in group B and group C [CM(155.3mm]but not in group A at two weeks. At the same time, a slight hyperlasia of aortic neointima was observed in HE staining of group B and group C. SA-β-gal staining was positive scattered within the tunica intima of aorta of group B and group C at four weeks, and HE staining promted a significantly greater of aortic neointima in the group C than that in the other two group ( P <0.05). Positive regions of SA-β-gal staining were more in group C than group B at six weeks. Typical atherosclerotic plaques were formed, vascular smooth muscle cells were disordered arranged and foam cells were aggregated in the plaques of group C at six weeks post-operatively, and intimal membrane areas increased than group A and group B ( P <0.05). At 8 weeks, SA-β-gal positive areas in group C were greater than in group B. The arteriolar wall was markedly thickened and the lumen was narrowed. The area of intimal membrane and the I/M radio were significantly greater in group C than those in group A and group B ( P <0.05). Positive expressed of γ-H2AX, phosphorylated ATM, phosphorylated CHK2 and phosphorylated P53 were observed in typical atherosclerotic foci of group C, and weaker expressed in group B., Conclusion: Cellular senescence of vascular edothelium is triggered and DNA double-strain damage is increased in diabetes. The DNA double-strain damage repairing machines may participate in the development of diabetic atherosclerosis.

Objective: To study the effects of muskolibanum combination on the proliferation and differentiation of prostate stem cells., Methods: We cultured prostate epithelial cells and urogenital sinus mesenchymal (UGSM) cells from 7－10 d old C57BL/6 mice and 16－18 d old pregnant C57BL/6 mice, transplanted the mixed suspension of the two types of cells under the kidney envelope of SCIDCB.17 male mice, and harvested the transplants 30 days later. We randomly divided the SCIDCB.17 mice into four groups to be treated intragastrically with musk (n = 8), olibanum (n = 8), musk+olibanum (n = 7), and normal saline (blank control, n = 8)) respectively, all for 14 days. Then we collected the kidney tissue for observation of the morphology of the glandular tubes and differentiation of different subsets of stem cells by HE staining and determination of the expressions and distribution of P63, CD133, CD117 and Sca1 by immunohistochemistry and Western blot., Results: A system was successfully established for the isolation and mixed culture of Sca1 Lin+ CD49f+ (LSC) cells of prostate stem cells and UGSM cells of the mouse embryonic prostate. Immunohistochemistry showed positive expressions of P63, CD133, Sca1, and CD117 in the prostatic acinar epithelia and proved the presence of prostatic acinar epithelial structure in the transplants. Compared with the blank control group, the expressions of CD133, Sca1 and CD117 were significantly increased in the musk, olibanum, and musk+olibanum groups (P< 0.05), higher in the musk+olibanum than in the musk or olibanum group (P< 0.05), and their protein expressions were even more elevated in the musk+olibanum group (P< 0.01), with statistically significant difference from the olibanum group (P< 0.05)., Conclusions: The combination of musk and olibanum can improve the proliferation and differentiation of prostate stem cells.

In order to investigate the adaption of Locusta migratoria tibetensis to the. environment, this paper adopted the experiments with full light exposure (24L/OD), total. darkness (OL/24D), and low temperature (5 °C) to study the effects of low temperature and illumination stress on the cold-resistant substances of L. migratoria tibetensis. The results showed that the fat content of L. migratoria tibetensis reached 11.8%, which was the highest under the condition of full light exposure (24L/OD) without low temperature stress. The fat content of body in low temperature and darkness treatment (OL/24D) was 4.7%, which was the lowest. The trehalose, mannitol and sorbitol contents of locust after low temperature stress were significantly higher than that of locust without the same stress. Glycogen content of locust treated by full light exposure without low temperature 'stress was the highest (6.40 mg . g-1). Besides, low temperature and darkness treatment stimulated the accumulation of alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, and phenylalanine, benefiting the accumulation of multi-amino acids, glycerinum, micro-molecule carbohydrate, and the reduction of glycogen and fat content.

Objective: To investigate the effects of the combination of musk and olibanum on the tight junction protein expressions in prostatic epithelial cells of normal and chronic prostatitis (CP) rats., Methods: Eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups of equal number: normal control, normal musk, normal olibanum, normal musk + olibanum, CP model control, CP model musk, CP model olibanum, and CP model musk + olibanum. At 60 days after modeling, the rats in the control, musk, olibanum, and musk + olibanum groups were treated intragastrically with normal saline, musk (0.021 g per kg body weight per day), olibanum (1.05 g per kg body weight per day), or musk + olibanum respectively, all for 3 days. Then, all the rats were sacrificed and their prostate tissues harvested for detection of the expressions of the tight junction proteins Claudin-1, Claudin-3, Occludin, and ZO-1 in the prostatic epithelial cells by immunohistochemical staining., Results: In the CP models, only the expression of Claudin-1 was significantly increased. In the normal rats, the expression of Claudin-1 was remarkably upregulated after treated with musk (824.6 ± 393.3, P < 0.05), olibanum (982.0 ± 334.0, P < 0.05), and musk + olibanum (1088.1 ± 640.2, P < 0.01); that of Claudin-3 was elevated markedly by olibanum (1 009.5 ± 243.6, P < 0.05) and insignificantly by musk (597.5 ± 80.7), but the increasing effect of olibanum was reduced by musk + olibanum (678.4 ± 255.1). No statistically significant differences were found in the expression of Occludin among the rats treated with musk (693.0 ± 424.8), olibanum (732.1 ± 302.0), and musk + olibanum (560.2 ± 202.3), or in that of ZO-1 in the animals treated with musk (290.0 ± 166.8) and olibanum (419.7 ± 108.1), but the latter was markedly decreased in the musk + olibanum group (197.7 ± 98.2, P < 0.05). In the CP rat models, both the expressions of Claudin-1 (823.0 ± 100.1, P < 0.01) and Occludin (1160.0 ± 32.2, P < 0.05) were significantly increased. The expression of Claudin-1 was remarkably down-regulated by musk (764.9 ± 179.0), olibanum (468.4 ± 220.4), and musk + olibanum (335.1 ± 204.0) (all P < 0.05), but that of Claudin-3 up-regulated by musk (744.6 ± 94.5) and olibanum (700.1 ± 223.7) (both P < 0.05). The expression of Occludin was reduced by musk (615.0 ± 221.0), olibanum (749.6 ± 321.7), and musk + olibanum (505.8 ± 523.7), while that of ZO-1 increased by olibaum (443.2 ± 44.9) and decreased by musk + olibanum (213.5 ± 24.9, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: In physiological and pathological conditions, the combination of musk and olibanum acts on the expressions of tight junction proteins in prostate epithelial cells in a selective and dual-targeting manner, promoting their permeability by down-regulating the expression of ZO-1 and maintaining their structural stability by regulating the expressions of Claudin-1, Claudin-3, and Occludin.

In the present study, we investigated the systematically induced production of defense-related compounds, including DIMBOA, total phenol, trypsin inhibitors (TI) and chymotrypsin inhibitor (CI), by Tetranychus cinnabarinus infestation in Zea mays. The first leaves of two corn in-bred line seedlings, the mite-tolerant line ' H1014168' and the mite-sensitive line 'H1014591', were sucked by T. cinnabarinus adult female for seven days, and then the contents of DIMBOA, total phenol, TI and CI were measured in the second leaf and in the roots, respectively. Results showed that as compared to the unsucked control, all contents of DIMBOA, total phenol, TI and CI induced by T. cinnabarinus sucking were significantly higher in the second leaf of both inbred lines as well as in the roots of the mite-tolerant 'H1014168'. However, in the roots of 'H1014591', these defense compounds had different trends, where there was a higher induction of TI and a lower level of total phenol than that of the healthy control, while had almost no difference in DIMBOA and CI. These findings suggested that the infestation of T. cinnabarinus could systematically induce accumulation of defense-related compounds, and this effect was stronger in the mite-tolerant inbred line than in the mite-sensitive inbred line.

Objective: To study the effects of drug plasma of musk and olibanum (DP-M&O) on the release of inflammatory cytokines from monocytes and the expressions of the proteins associated with inflammation of prostatic or endothelial cells induced by prostate antigen (PAg) stimulation., Methods: We prepared DP-M&O using SD rats and monocytes and PAgs using BALB/c mice. We pre-treated the monocytes with DP-M&O at the gradient concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% for 1 hour, activated them with PAgs, and then cultured them for 96 hours, followed by detection of the release of inflammatory cytokines. We co-cultured the prostate RWPE-1 cells with the endothelial EA. hy926 cells, pre-treated them with the same gradient concentrations of DP-M&O as above for 1 hour, activated with PAgs, and cultured for 96 hours. Then we determined the expression levels of the proteins associated with inflammation of RWPE-1 and EA. hy926 cells by Western blot., Results: DP-M&O decreased the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 and increased that of IL-10 in a concentration-dependent manner. Significant differences were found between the 20% P-M&O and PAg groups in the release of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha (70.8 +/- 22.3 vs. 277.1 +/- 65.5, P < 0.01) , IL-113 (277.5 +/- 22.6 vs. 630.4 +/- 89.7, P <0.01), IL-6 (232.7 +/- 62.7 vs. 994.2 vs. 182.3, P < 0.01), IL-8 (227.3 +/- 79.2 vs. 769.3 +/- 284.1, P < 0.01), and IL-10 (640.2 +/- 201.2 vs. 271.1 +/- 55.8, P < 0.01). Compared with the PAg group, the 10 and 20% P-M&O groups showed remarkable decreases in the protein expression of MCP-1/CCL2 in the RWPE-1 cells (1.12 +/- 0.34 vs. 0.56 +/- 0.11 and 0.34 +/- 0.08) and that of VCAM-1 in the EA. hy926 cells (0.94 +/- 0.22 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.17 and 0.38 +/- 0.12) (P < 0.05 or 0.01)., Conclusion: The compatibility of musk and olibanum can decrease the expression of MCP-1/CCL2 in prostate cells and VCAM-1 in vascular endothelial cells, blocking the adhesion of leucocytes and suppressing inflammatory response.

Objective: To study the effect of Dangua Recipe (DGR) on glycolipid metabolism, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and its mRNA expression level of transgenic Apo E(-/-) mouse with spontaneous atherosclerosis, thus revealing its partial mechanism for curing diabetes mellitus (DM) with angiopathy., Methods: Diabetic model was prepared by peritoneally injecting streptozotocin (STZ) to Apo E(-/-) mouse. Totally 32 modeled mice were stratified by body weight, and then divided into 4 groups referring to blood glucose levels from low to high by random digit table, i.e., the model group (MOD, fed with sterile water, at the daily dose of 15 mL/kg), the DGR group (fed with DGR at the daily dose of 15 mL/kg), the combination group (COM, fed with DGR at the daily dose of 15 mL/kg and pioglitazone at the daily dose of 4.3 mg/kg), and the pioglitazone group (PIO, at the daily dose of 4.3 mg/kg), 8 in each group. Another 8 normal glucose C57 mouse of the same age and strain were recruited as the control group. All interventions lasted for 12 weeks by gastrogavage. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight, food intake, water intake, skin temperature, the length of tail, and the degree of fatty liver were monitored. The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL-C were determined. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) was determined by radioimmunoassay. Nitrogen monoxidum (NO) was determined by nitrate reductase. The kidney tissue VCAM-1 level was analyzed with ELISA. The expression of VCAM-1 mRNA in the kidney tissue was detected with real time quantitative PCR., Results: Compared with the control group, the body weight and food intake decreased, water intake increased in all the other model groups (P < 0.05). Besides, the curve of blood glucose was higher in all the other model groups than in the control group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the body weight increased; levels of HbAlc, TC, LDL-C, ET-1, and VCAM-1 were significantly lower; and skin temperature was higher in the DGR group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the PIO group, body weight, the increment of body weight, FBG, TC, and LDL-C were lower (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); food intake and water intake increased more and the tail length was longer in the DRG group (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the level of NO among groups. The degree of fatty liver in the model group was significantly severer than that in the control group (P < 0.05). It was obviously alleviated in the DGR group (P < 0.05) when compared with the model group and the PIO group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). But it was severer in the PIO group than in the model group (P < 0.01). The degree of fatty liver in the combination group ranged between that of the DGR group and the PIO group (P < 0.05). The level of VCAM-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the DGR group than in the model group, the PIO group, and the combination group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: DGR had effect in lowering blood glucose and blood lipids, and fighting against fatty liver of transgenic Apo E(-/-) mouse with spontaneous atherosclerosis. DGR played an effective role in preventing and treating DM with angiopathy by comprehensively regulating glycolipid metabolism and promoting the vascular function.

Objective: To investigate the changes of serum soluble CD 163 (sCD 163) level, to assess the severity of critical illness and to evaluate the immune status of sepsis or severe sepsis in children., Method: A prospective study was conducted. The sCD 163 was determined in 50 cases with sepsis or severe sepsis in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and 23 cases of age- and gender-matched healthy children were enrolled as control during the period from April 2010 to March 2011. Double-antibody sandwich ELISA was used for sCD 163 measurement. The relationship with sCD 163 level and disease severity score (pediatric critical illness score, PCIS; and pediatric risk of mortality III, PRISM III), lymphocyte subsets, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were analyzed., Result: The sCD 163 in sepsis/severe sepsis groups (171.04 ± 177.85) mg/L was significantly higher than that in control group (44.19 ± 86.48) mg/L (P < 0.01).sCD 163 in sepsis group [(105.32 ± 145.87) mg/L] was significantly lower than that of severe sepsis group [(233.32 ± 171.78) mg/L] (P < 0.05). sCD 163 level was significantly higher in lower PCIS score patients. (P < 0.01). The sCD 163 levels was higher in PRISM III ≥ 10 than the PRISM III < 10 group. The sCD 163 levels were higher in death group than the survival group. The sCD 163 was negatively correlated with CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 + (R = -0.820, P < 0.05; R = -0.839, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Detection of sCD 163 was helpful in predicting the severity of sepsis and severe sepsis, and sCD 163 may reflect the immune status of critically ill children with sepsis.

Objective: To determine the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on promoting bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiate into neural cells., Methods: BMSCs were purified and monitored. NSE+/NF+ cells and nestin+ cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. The mRNA levels of NSE, NF and nestin were determined by RT-PCR., Results: The BMSCs adhered to HA hydrogel, with many surface projections, branches or crossing (Group A). Those cultured in brain tissue culture medium grew projections with fewer branches (Group B). Group A had more NSE+ cells (92.58 +/- 15.84) than Group B (80.26 +/- 16.47), and more NF+ cells (71.25 +/- 17.44) than Group B (52.37 +/- 14.75) (P < 0.05). At day 2 post-stimulation, more nestin+ cells were found in Group A (48.3 +/- 7.7) compared with Group B (34.6 +/- 5.2) (P < 0.05). At day 7, the mRNA levels of NSE and NF increased in both groups, but more in Group A. Nestin mRNA increased at day 2 post-stimulation and dropped at day 7 in both groups, where more significant in Group A., Conclusion: HA hydrogel provides structural support and proper microenvironment for the growth, proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs, and promotes BMSCs to differentiate into neuron cells.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of continuous blood purification(CBP) in the treatment of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) in children., Methods: One hundred and forty seven cases of ALI/ARDS were hospitalized to our pediatric intensive care unit, and 32 cases were treated with continuous blood purification (CBP) from June, 2006 to May, 2011. The model for CBP was continuous veno-venous hemofiltration dialysis (CVVHDF). CBP treatment persisted for at least 8 hours and replacement + dialysis fluid dose was 35 - 100 ml/(kg·h). The clinical outcome measures included the mortality rate at 28th day, respiratory index (FiO2/PO2), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), mechanical ventilation parameters, vasoactive drug dose and lung X-ray changes., Results: In totally 147 cases of ALI/ARDS, 89 cases (60.5%) were male and 58 (39.5%) were female, mean age was (43.4 ± 36.7) months. Death occurred in 54 cases, the total mortality was 36.7%. The cause of ALI/ARDS was mainly severe pneumonia, severe sepsis, and leukemia or tumor diseases. There were significant differences in severity of illness between the CBP treatment group and non-CBP treatment group on Pediatric risk of score mortality (PRISM) III score (15.3 vs. 12.7, P < 0.05) and pediatric critical illness score (66.8 ± 19.3 vs. 74.6 ± 17.7, P < 0.05). The average duration of CBP treatment was 52 hours (12 hours to 232 hours). PaO2/FiO2 and Cdyn were improved after 2 hours CBP treatment compared with those before CBP treatment (P < 0.05), mechanical ventilation parameters including fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), peak inspiratory pressure (PiP) and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) were reduced. The use of vasoactive drugs in patients with MODS and shock gradually declined. The average ventilator-free days of the two groups did not show significant difference (P > 0.05). The mortality on CBP treatment group and non-treatment group were 37.5% and 36.5%, respectively, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: CBP adjuvant treatment for ALI/ ARDS could reduce pulmonary edema, improve PaO2/FiO2 and Cdyn, and improve mechanical ventilation parameters. CBP may be a very promising treatment for ALI/ARDS in children.

Objective: To observe the effectiveness of stiletto needle stimulation combined with massage in the treatment of dysfunction and pain of knee joints in knee osteoarthrosis (KOA) patients., Methods: One hundred KOA outpatients and inpatients were randomly and equally divided into treatment and control groups. Patients of the treatment group were treated by using stiletto needle stimulation of 5-10 tender-points (at the medial collateral ligament, internal condyle of femur, medial condyle of femur, etc.) in combination with massage on the bilateral sides of the patella ligament, digital pressing of Liangqiu (ST 34), Xuehai (SP 10), Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Weizhong (BL 40), etc. Patients of the control group were treated by using massage therapy alone (the same to those mentioned above). Elasticity of the soft tissue[displacement value under 500 g pressure exerted on the tender-point surface; the banana area, i. e. , the absorbed energy of the soft tissue] was measured by using Soft-tissue Tension Detector. Dysfunction scores of the knee-joint (cure:91 -99 points; marked improvement: 75-90 points; improvement: 60- 74 points; invalid: no improvement) were assessed according to Jiang's method, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated in the light of "Criteria for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Effect Assessment of Illnesses or Clinical Conditions of Chinese Medicine" issued in 1994 in China., Results: Comparison between pre- and post-treatment in the same one group showed that the displacement values and scores of pain, joint-movement and malformation, and total scores were increased significantly and the banana area reduced considerably in these two groups after the treatment (P < 0. 05), and the effects of the treatment group were apparently superior to those of the control group (P < 0. 05). Of the two 50 cases in the control and treatment groups, 10 (20%) and 33 (66%) had marked improvement, 33 (66%) and 14 (28%) were improved, and 7 (14%) and 3 (6%) invalid, with the effective rates being 86% and 94% , respectively. The markedly effective rate of the treatment group was apparently higher than that of the control group (P< 0. 05). No significant differences were found between the two groups in the scores of initiative extension range, walking abi-lity and daily life activities (P>0.05)., Conclusion: Stiletto needle intervention in combination with massage can effectively relieve dysfunction and pain of the knee joint in KOA patients.

The aim was to compare the characteristics and the differences in carbon catabolic diversity of air samples collected from five locations that around the edge of Taklamakan desert. The characteristics and the differences of carbon metabolic profiles were detected by using the BIOLOG micro plate (BIOLOG EcoPlate). The results showed that the average well color development (AWCD) curve of all five samples did not reach clear saturation during the incubation time (10 days), but differences among them were significant. The highest AWCD value appeared in Shache and the lowest was in Hotan, which were 0.24 and 0.1, respectively. Carbon utilization showed that all samples exhibited high level of polymer, carbohydrates, amino acids and carboxylic acid; however, amine and the phenol compound were the lowest. Principal components analysis (PCA) indicated that twenty categories of carbon significantly related to PC1 and twelve categories for PC2. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed these five areas could be divided into 2 clusters: (1) Hotan, Pishan, (2) Shache, Luntai, Ulugqat. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that those community functional diversities were highly affected by some environmental factors, such as wind speed, altitude, humidity. Further investigation by correlation analysis revealed that the microbial communities using single carbon source were significantly affected by abiotic factors, such as the utilization of beta-methyl-D-glucoside, D-galacturonic acid and putrescine had significantly positive correlation (P < 0.05) with latitude; 2-hydroxy benzoic acid and alpha-D-lactose significantly related to wind speed (P < 0.05); and D-glucosaminic acid was positive with air pressure, but it negatively correlated with altitude (P < 0.05). In conclusion,the carbon sources provided by BIOLOG EcoPlate were utilized slowly by air microbial communities; and the characteristics of the air community carbon catabolic along the edge of the Taklamakan desert revealed regional feature, which may be affected by environmental factors.

Objective: To investigate the roles of DNA double stains damage repairing mechanisms in high glucose-induced cellular senescence., Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with different concentrations of glucose (5.5 mmol/L, 11 mmol/L, 22 mmol/L and 33 mmol/L) for 72 hrs before the assay of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining. The superoxides were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of NO were detected by enzyme assay. Gamma-H2AX and phosphorylated P53 protein were measured by Western blot. Changes after co-incubation with KU55993 (an inhibitor of ATM) were examined with methods mentioned above., Results: Compared with control group, percentage of positive cells of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining increased significantly in high glucose groups. The corresponding levels of reactive oxygen increased and NO decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Intra-cellular levels of gamma-H2AX and phosphorylated P53 protein were significantly increased in high glucose groups. Statistical significances were revealed between high-glucose group and control group, as well as among different high-glucose groups, but no significant difference was observed between mannitol and control group. KU55993, an inhibitor of ATM, significantly reduced the levels of gamma-H2AX, phosphorylated P53 protein, and positive rate of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining., Conclusion: High glucose may promote DNA double strains damage by enhancing oxidative stress and decreasing NO, and thus accelerate cellular senescence. ATM-P53 pathway, the key proteins related to DNA double strain damage repairing mechanisms, may play an important role in high glucose induced cellular senescence and atherosclerosis.

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of dual source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography in detecton of coronary artery stenoses in patients older than 60 years., Methods: The study was performed in 102 patients older than 60 years who were suspected of coronary artery stenoses, and without any contraindications to CT Scan and iodnated contrast agents. These patients underwent DSCT, as well as selective coronary angiography (SCA). All the data of DSCT were compared with the results of SCA which were regarded as gold standard to assess the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of DSCT in classifying coronary artery stenoses in old patients., Results: In these 102 patients, DSCT indicated 56 patients with coronary artery stenoses and SCA indicated 52 patients. DSCT correctly classified 51 patients out of 52 patients who had significant coronary artery stenoses. The sensitivity of DSCT was 98.1%, specificity was 90.0%, positive predictive value was 91.1%, negative predictive value was 97.8%, and accuracy was 94.1%. DSCT also assessed and measured 408 lesions in all the patients. The sensitivity of DSCT was 95.8%, specificity was 96.2%, positive predictive value was 88.5%, negative predictive value was 98.7%, and accuracy was 96.1%., Conclusion: DSCT appears to be a useful method for the detection of coronary artery stenoses with a high accuracy in elder patients more than 60-year.

Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of testosterone on the related factors of metabolic syndrome in hypogonadal males., Methods: Based on the principles and methods of Cochrane systematic reviews, we searched the PubMed (1980 to August 2009), Embase (1980 to August 2009), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CNKI (1995 to August 2009) , and handsearched some relevant journals and conference proceedings as well. We also identified randomized controlled trials addressing the use of testosterone for the treatment of hypogonadism, screened the retrieved studies according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluated the quality of the included studies, and performed a meta-analysis on the results of homogeneous studies using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0 software., Results: Six randomized controlled trials were included. The results of analysis indicated that testosterone substitution could significantly ameliorate fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and insulin resistance in hypogonadism patients, and it could also reduce LDL, HDL, triglyceride and systolic blood pressure, though with no significant difference from the controls. However, there was insufficient evidence to show the effects of testosterone on waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and diastolic blood pressure., Conclusion: Existing clinical evidence has demonstrated the positive effects of testosterone substitution on the improvement of insulin resistance, blood glucose and lipids, but due to the heterogeneity and high risk of bias in the included studies, the evidence might be insufficient to give full support to the demonstration. Further large-scale trials are required to define the metabolic effects of testosterone in the treatment of hypogonadism.

Objective: To study the effects of total flavonoids of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (TFH) on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) in aorta of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and to study the relationship of expression of MCP-1 in aorta and intimal medial thickness (IMT) of aorta., Methods: Twelve-week-old male SHR (n=12) were randomly devided into three groups to receive TFH [30 mg/(kg x d), n=4], Enalapril [10 mg/(kg x d), n= 4] and Hydrochlorothiazide [25 mg/(kg x d), n=4] for 12 weeks, respectively. Another 4 SHR and 4 WKY which receive placebo served as positive control group and negative control group. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), intimal medial thickness and inside diameter of aorta of the rats were measured. The expression of MCP-1 in aorta was examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry and the concentration of serum MCP-1 protein by ELSA., Results: Twelve weeks later, systolic blood pressure in TFH was significantly decreased, compared with that in Enalapril and Hydrochlorothiazide without statistical differences. TFH markedly reduced the intimal medial thickness of aorta and expression of MCP-1 in aorta, similar with Enalapril, stronger than Hydrochlorothiazide., Conclusion: TFH can markedly decrease SBP of SHR and the decrease value of the TFH group was similar with that of the Enalapril and Hydrochlorothiazide group. TFH may inhibit the expression of MCP-1 in aorta and intimal medial thickness of aorta beyond BP Lowering effect. The effect of THF on the expression of MCP-1 and intimal medial thickness of aorta was similar with Enalapril. TFH may through inhibite the expression of MCP-1 in aorta to reduce the intimal medial thickness of aorta and protect hypertensive injury in target organs.

The interactions of cobalt sulphate and nickel acetate with ofloxacin (ofo, I), a 4-quinoline derivative, were studied. The hydrothermal technique was adopted in this work. The isolated solid complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, electronic spectra, fluorescence spectra and thermal analysis. The results support the formation of complexes of the formula Co(ofo)2 x 4H2O (II) and Ni(ofo)2 x 4H2O (III). The infrared spectra of the isolated solid complexes suggested that ofo acts as bidentate ligands through one of the oxygen atoms of the carboxylic group and the ring carbonyl oxygen atom. Thermogravimetric (TG) and its differential (DTG) were carried out for the complexes. The data obtained indicated that the thermal decomposition of the two complexes in inert atmosphere proceeded approximately with two main degradation steps. I showed a intense fluorescence in solid state at lamda(ex)/lamda(em) = 365 nm/461 nm, and two complexes displayed weakly similar emission maximum at 470 nm in the powder samples at ambient temperature, while the emission of II and III may be mainly originated from the intraligand excited states of I. I, II and III were assayed against two kinds of gram-positive and two kinds of gram-negative bacteria by in vitro doubling dilutions method. The results indicated that II and III have the similar minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as the I against S. Aureus, M. Lutens, E. Coli and P. Aeruginosa. The inhibitory effect of I, II and III on leukemia HL-60 cell line has been measured by using MTT (Methyl-Thiazol-Tetrozolium) method and that on liver cancer BEL-7402 cell line measured by SRB (Sulphurhodamin B) method. The results indicated that the complexes in the high concentration have inhibitory effect on HL-60 cell line.

Ultrasonic generating trough was applied to study the impact of ultrasonic on conditioning of sewage sludge. There are few ultrasonic generators for sludge treatment specifically, so we designed a double-frequency ultrasonic generating trough which could adjust frequency, energy density and treating time flexibly. In the research characteristics of sewage sludge treated by single-frequency and double-frequency ultrasonic were compared. According to the results, the digestion biogas of the sewage sludge treated by ultrasonic increase obviously, and the digestion biogas increment of the sewage sludge treated by single-frequency is 40.93%, higher than that treated by double-frequency. But the SCOD of the sewage sludge treated by double-frequency is 23.5%, more than that treated by single-frequency.

Objective: To evaluate the effect and safety of BCG vaccine on initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis and its controlling effect on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis., Methods: All 360 volunteers with initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis of positive smear and culture were divided into immunotherapy group (180 cases, also BCG group) and control group (180 cases) at random pair. The patients in BCG group were treated with chemotherapy of a regimen of 2HRZ/2HR and immunotherapy with BCG for 4 months,and the first BCG vaccine was given a month after chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the patients in the control group were treated with chemotherapy of 2HRZ/4HR only., Results: (1) The negative conversion rate of sputum smear in BCG group was 98.3% (177/180), and it was 97.2% (175/180) in control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups both at the ends of 4 and 6 months after treatment (chi2 = 0.1278, P > 0.05). (2) The positive conversion rate of sputum smear in BCG group was 2.3% (4/177), and it was 6.9% (12/175) in control group followed up for 5 years. The successful rate was 96.1% (173/180) in BCG group, and it was significantly higher than that of 90.6% (163/180) in control group (chi2 = 4.4643, P < 0.05). (3) In the 5-year follow up, bacteriologic result was similar to that of X-ray. (4) The occurrence rate of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 2.3% (4/177) in BCG group,significantly lower than that of 7.3% (13/178) in the control group (chi2 = 4.9513, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: As an adjunct chemotherapy,immunotherapy with BCG vaccine should be helpful for patients with initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis. It would further strengthen the effects of chemotherapy and reduce the occurrence rate of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Aim: To characterize anti-amyloid-beta antibodies in the sera of Alzheimer's disease(AD) patients., Methods: A special tissue amyloid plaque immunoreactivity (TAPIR) examinations of brains of Tg2576 mice was carried out. Abeta(42)-GST fusion protein was detected by Western blot. and then the survival rate of PC12 cells incubated with the sera and Abeta(42) was measured by MTT assay., Results: The sera in AD patients could not recognize the senile plaque in the brains of Tg2576 mice and could not cross-react with Abeta(42)-GST fusion protein. Furthermore, PC12 cells incubated with the sera from AD patients presented the decreased A value compared with the healthy elderly(P<0.01)., Conclusion: The anti-Abeta antibodies in the sera of AD patients may have immunologic tolerance to amyloid peptide.

Objective: To study semi-quantitatively mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), in vaginal wall connective tissue in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) compared to continent controls, and to explore the relationship between MMP-9, TIMP-1 and SUI., Methods: Vaginal wall tissues were obtained from 24 women with SUI who were followed-up (12 cases are > 60 years old and 12 cases < or = 60 years old). Seven patients undergoing total hysterectomy for carcinoma in situ of cervix without urinary incontinence served as control group. RNA was extracted and quantified. Semi-quantitative competitive reverse transcription was carried out with oligo-nucleotide primers to quantify MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA expression., Results: We used GeneSnap to analyze the data. MMP-9 in three groups (> 60, < or = 60 years and control) was 0.56 +/- 0.20, 0.56 +/- 0.19, 0.37 +/- 0.18, significantly decreased (P < 0.05). There was no difference between > 60 and < or = 60 year age groups (P > 0.05). TIMP-1 in three groups was 0.23 +/- 0.11, 0.31 +/- 0.12, 0.41 +/- 0.13, significantly increased (P < 0.05). There was a great difference between > 60 and < or = 60 year age groups in TIMP expression (P > 0.05). The ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in > 60, < or = 60 year age groups and control group was 2.49 +/- 1.82, 1.82 +/- 1.58, 0.90 +/- 1.38, significantly decreased (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Stress urinary incontinent women demonstrate a significant increase in MMP-9 mRNA expression and significant decrease in TIMP-1 mRNA expression. In SUI patients, proportion of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was overbalanced. Both these findings are consistent with increased collagen breakdown and may play an important role in the onset and development of SUI.

Butyltins in surface water, sediments and biota samples from Taihu Lake were determined. The results show that butyltins content in most of the surface water samples is under the limit of the detection; five out of ten sediment samples are measured detectable butyltins. Monobutyltin (MBT) was the main species with the concentrations ranging from below the detection limits to 0.95 ng/g; while all biota samples were detected relatively higher butyltin concentrations with a range of 27.05 - 181.23 ng/g due to the obvious bioaccumulation. Tributyltin (TBT) was the main composition that occupied almost 70% of the total butyltins. The antifouling paints applied on the aquatic cultural box and boats was the possible main source of butyltin compounds in Taihu Lake.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects of delayed hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBD)., Method: Postnatal 7 days newborn rats (n = 52) were randomly set to three groups: control (n = 18, sham operation), HIBD (n = 17), or HBO (n = 17). Pups in the HBO group were subjected to hyperbaric oxygen treatment with 2 atmosphaera absolutus, 5 x 30 min at a 24 h intervals since 48-72 h after the HIBD model. All the animals were tested for the spatial learning and memory ability in the Morris water maze from postnatal days 37 to 41. At day-42, rats were decapitated and the brains were analyzed for morphological and histological changes, including brain shapes and weights, survival neurons, percentage of AchE positive area and NOS positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 region., Results: Rats in HBO and HIBD groups displayed significant morphological and histological damages, as well as severe spatial learning and memory disability. The average escape latency of Morris water maze in HBO group [(56 +/- 23) s] and HIBD group [(56 +/- 22) s] were longer than the control [(23 +/- 16) s] (P < 0.05). The swimming time in HBO group [(30 +/- 5) s] and HIBD group [(29 +/- 6) s] were shorter than the control [(51 +/- 5) s] (P < 0.05). The swimming length in HBO group [(572 +/- 92) cm] and HIBD group [(548 +/- 92) cm] were shorter than the control [(989 +/- 101) cm] (P < 0.05). The weight of left brains in HBO group [(598 +/- 46) mg] and HIBD group [(601 +/- 59) mg] were lighter than the control [(984 +/- 18) mg] (P < 0.05). The survival neurons of hippocamal CA1 region in HBO group [(97 +/- 27)/mm] and HIBD group [(100 +/- 27)/mm] were less than the control [(183 +/- 8)/mm] (P < 0.05). The percentage of AchE-positive fibers in HBO group [(18.4 +/- 2.2)%] and HIBD group [(18.5 +/- 2.2)%] were less than the control [(27.5 +/- 2.2)%,] (P < 0.05). NOS-positive neurons in HBO group [(21 +/- 5)/mm(2)] and HIBD group [(19 +/- 4)/mm(2)] were also less than the control [(34 +/- 6)/mm(2)] (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Delayed HBO therapy resulted in no protection against either HIBD-induced brain morphological and histological deficits or spatial learning and memory disability.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B., Methods: Sixty-five Chinese HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients were treated with 5 MU recombinant rIFN-alpha 1b subcutaneously thrice weekly for 5 to 24 months, followed by 12 months of treatment-free follow-up; one hundred and eighty-eight Chinese HBeAg-positive patients served as controls. For each patient, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) was measured biochemically and serum HBV DNA level was detected with fluorescent-quantitative PCR, HBeAg with enzymoimmunoassay every 1 to 3 months during therapy and during the follow-up period. HBeAg loss (only for HBeAg-positive cases), HBV DNA undetectable, and ALT normalization: the three together were considered a combined response., Results: Rates of combined response were similar in HBeAg-negative patients (58.5%, 38/65) or HBeAg-positive ones at the end of treatment (weighted chi square test, chi2 = 1.878, P<0.05), but were higher at the end of the follow-up period in the HBeAg-negative cases (75.4%, 49/65) (weighted chi square test, chi2 = 4.796, P<0.05). Furthermore, relapse rates at the end of the follow-up period, were also similar in HBeAg-negative patients (15.8%, 6/38) or HBeAg positive (chi2 = 0.205, P>0.05). Combined response was achieved at a median of 6.0 months (2-16 months) of treatment course in HBeAg-negative patients while at a median of 6.0 months (1-22 months) in HBeAg-positive cases (Z = -0.186, P>0.05, by the Wilcoxon rank sum test). The only factor predictive of combined response, by binary logistic regression analysis, was inflammatory activity in the liver biopsy. Gender, age, baseline ALT level, baseline HBV DNA level, and anti-HBe were not predictive factors., Conclusion: Interferon-alpha therapy induces a similar primary and sustained response in HBeAg-negative and in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients.

Now severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) patients could have offsprings because of the development of technique of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. But some researchers found these patients have increasing frequency of the aneuploid on the chromosome in their sperm. If the spermatozoa with chromosomal aneuploid were fertilized, it would be resulted in a higher rate of recurrent abortion, fetal abnormal and dead birth, so the analysis of the number of sperm chromosome will play an important role in detection on infertile men. There are many new development in the chromosomal analysis of human sperm using multi-FISH, now we have a review on them.