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By transforming time series into images, a robust and transferable tactical intent recognition framework was proposed, which integrated curve filtering technology and the EfficientNetV2 image recognition network. Curve filtering technology effectively reduced redundancy in numerous time-domain features, model parameters, and training time, an enhanced Gramian angular field (GAF) method was proposed to encode time series into images, enhancing the feature extraction capabilities of convolutional neural networks. The EfficientNetV2 network was adept at processing intent images and could serve as a pre-trained model, facilitating transfer learning across different systems. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves over 0.99% higher accuracy compared to machine learning and deep learning methods, exhibiting superior performance, scalability, robustness, and transferability.

This study proposes a fast power allocation algorithm under a low interception background for a collocated MIMO radar that simultaneously tracks multiple maneuvering targets. First, the target maneuver process is modeled as an Adaptive Current Statistical (ACS) model, and a particle filter is used to estimate the state of each target. Second, the Predicted Conditional Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (PC-CRLB) is derived, and the target comprehensive threat assessment model is constructed based on the target motion and electromagnetic characteristics. Subsequently, an optimization model with respect to transmitting power is established by developing the weighted sum of the target tracking error evaluation index and the unintercepted probability of radar as the optimization objective. Thereafter, to solve the model using the monotonically decreasing property of the objective function, a solving algorithm based on sequence relaxation is proposed. Finally, a simulation is conducted to verify the effectiveness and timeliness of the proposed algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the target tracking accuracy and low interception performance of the radar system. Further, its run speed is increased by nearly 50% compared with that of the interior point method.

In 2020, the municipal solid waste removal and transportation volume reached 235.117 million tons, of which 146.076 million tons were incinerated in China. Because it can reduce the harmfulness of waste and recycle energy, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) technology has become the primary method for the disposal treatment of urban domestic waste in China. However, this method produces MSWI fly ash, which is defined as a hazardous waste rich in dioxins and heavy metals. Calculated based on 5% (mass fraction) of the original waste, the output of MSWI fly ash in China nearly reached 7.304 million tons in 2020. Moreover, the stockpile management and treatment capacities are seriously out of balance. At present, the main disposal method of MSWI fly ash is landfilling, which consumes land resources and poses an environmental hazard. As a result, the harmlessness and recyclability of MSWI fly ash have become a bottleneck for green development. In this review, the harmless melting and recycling of MSWI fly ash are introduced in detail. The mechanisms of heavy metal solidification and dioxin degradation during MSWI fly ash melting have been explained. MSWI fly ash can be transformed into glass slag containing CaO−SiO2−Al2O3 after co-melting with other solid wastes rich in silicon aluminum oxide. Heavy metals in MSWI fly ash can be solidified at the atomic scale in the silicate network of glass. More importantly, as the temperature increases beyond 800 °C, dioxins undergo dechlorination and degradation, reducing the harmfulness and revealing the harmlessness of MSWI fly ash. This review also describes how to deal with the glass slag that forms because of co-melting. The glass slag has low added value and poor mechanical properties. Future disposal trends for vitrified slag from MSWI fly ash, including glass–ceramic, glass–ceramic foam, and cementitious materials, have been proposed. Given that vitrification can solidify heavy metals in the process of subsequent resource usage and product service, the migration and leaching characteristics of heavy metals need to be further investigated. This study provides a reference for the comprehensive usage of MSWI fly ash.

Aimming at the problems such as low material removal rate and abrasive agglomeration when polishing single crystal silicon carbide wafers with traditional methods, this study proposed a ultrasonic vibration assisted lapping method. It studied the influence of different process parameters including speeds, abrasive concentrations, pressures and abrasive grain sizes on the lapping efficiency and lapping quality of single crystal silicon carbide wafers. The experimental results and theoretical analysis show that ultrasonic vibration effectively improves the material removal rate of single crystal silicon carbide wafer polishing. When the lapping disc speed is 50 r/min, the lapping fluid concentration is 2.5%, the pressure is 0.015 MPa and the abrasive grain size is 0.5 μm, the effect of improving the material removal rate is the most obvious, thus increased by 23.4%, 33.8%, 72.3% and 184.2% respectively. At the same time, by tracking and testing the surface roughness during the lapping process, the best time for ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding of abrasives with different particle sizes was determined.

The study aimed to investigate the effects of 'Zhang Za Gu' on the semen quality and serum biochemical indexes in male breeder rabbits. Thirty-six healthy adult Iraqi male rabbits with good sexual desire were randomly divided into six groups, with six replicates in each group and one breeder rabbits in each replicate. Rabbits in each group were fed diets containing 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% 'Zhang Za Gu', respectively. The pretrial period was seven days, and the pretrial period was 90 days. The results showed that, compared to day 30, sperm motility and sperm density of the experimental groups increased on the 60th day and the 90 th day ( P<0.05), while semen volume and sperm abnormality rate showed no significant changes ( P>0.05). Different levels of 'Zhang Za Gu' had no significant impact on the serum biochemical indices of male breeder rabbits ( P>0.05). The study indicates that considering factors such as feed cost and semen quality, the optimal effect is observed when 'Zhang Za Gu' appending proportion is 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To observe the curative effects of acupuncture combined with kinesitherapy for the treatment of sleep disorder in senile stroke patients.Methods:80 sleep disorder in senile stroke patients were randomly assigned to treatment group (n=40) and control group (n=40). The treatment group was treated with acupuncture and kinesitherapy, and the control group received estazolam tablets for four weeks. The pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), self-rating scale of sleep (SRSS), TCM symptom scale, barthel index (BI) and quality of life (QOL) were examined before and after treatment.Results:The difference-value of PSQI, SRSS, TCM symptom scale, BI and QOL in the treatment group before and after treatment was higher respectively than those in the control groups, and the differences were significant (P

A front-end chip with phase shift function was designed for K-band two-channel integrated transmitter and implemented in TSMC 90 nm CMOS technology. The chip consists of a power divider, two sets of active phase shifters and power amplifiers with different parameters. And a digital block was integrated on the chip to control phase shifters. Measurement results show that, at the center frequency 25 GHz, the gains of two channels are 19. 1 dB and 18. 9 dB, the output power 1 dB compression points of two channels are 9. 57 dBm and 8. 41 dBm, and the phase errors of two channels are 1. 38° and 1. 47° respectively. The power consumption is 0. 32 W when the supply voltage is 1. 2 V. The total chip area occupies 2. 20 mmX 1. 25 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Lagrange high order cell-centered conservative scheme in cylindrical geometry was presented for gas dynamics. The high order volume weighting subcell force in cylindrical geometry and the high order area weighting subcell force in cylindrical geometry were introduced by means of the MUSCL type method to construct 2 Lagrange high order cell-centered conservative schemes in cylindrical geometry. The vertex velocities and the numerical fluxes through the cell interfaces were evaluated in a consistent manner due to an original solver located at the nodes. The volume weighting scheme satisfies the momentum conservation and energy conservation, but does not surely keep the 1D spherical symmetry. The area weighting scheme satisfies the energy conservation and preserves the 1D spherical symmetry. 2 numerical tests were conducted. The results demonstrate that the new scheme is a high order one with satisfactory validity and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the correlation between the curvature of the cervical spine and the degree of cervical disc bulging in young patients with cervical pain., Methods: The clinical data of 539 young patients with neck pain from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 251 males and 288 females, aged 18 to 40 (32.2±6.3) years old. The cervical curvature and cervical disc bulging were measured by cervical X-ray and MRI. According to cervical curvature, the patients were divided into 175 cases of cervical lordosis group (cervical curvature > 7 mm), 163 cases of cervical erection group (0

Objective: To explore the intrinsic connection between activation of classical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and gefitinib resistance in human lung adenocarcinoma H1650 cells., Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma H1650 cells were exposed to gefitinib continuously for 60 days to obtain resistant H1650 cells. The expressions of P-IκBα, P-p50 and P-p65 in the cytoplasm or nuclei were detected using Western blotting in human lung adenocarcinoma HCC827 cells, parental H1650 cells and gefitinib-resistant H1650 cells. The effects of gefitinib alone or in combination with PDTC on the survival rate and expressions of NF-κB P-p50 and P-p65 were compared among the 3 cell lines., Results: Gefitinib-resistant H1650 cells showed increased cytoplasmic and nuclear P-IκBα expressions. The expressions of P-p50 and P-p65 differed significantly among the 3 cell line, decreasing in the order of resistant H1650 cells, parental H1650 cells, and gefitinib sensitive HCC827 cell lines (P<0.05 or 0.01). Treatment with gefitinib alone resulted in a significantly lower cell inhibition rate in resistant H1650 cells than in the parental H1650 cells (P<0.05) and HCC827 cells (P<0.01). The resistant H1650 cells had a significantly higher expression of P-p50 and P-p65 than other two cell lines (P<0.05). In both the resistant and parental H1650 cells, gefitinib significantly lowered P-p50 and P-p65 expressions (P<0.05 or 0.01), and the combined treatment with gefitinib and PDTC significantly decreased the cell survival rate and further lowered the cytoplasmic and nuclear expressions of P-p50 and P-p65 (P<0.01 or 0.01)., Conclusion: The activation of classical NF-κB pathway is a key factor contributing to transformation of the parental H1650 cells into gefitinib-resistant cells. Gefitinib combined with PDTC can inhibit P-IκBα production and NF-κB P-p50 and P-p65 activation to suppress the survival of residual H1650 cells and the generation of gefitinib-resistant cells.

Objective: To present a method of quantitative diagnosis of craniofacial skeleton deformities based on three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT)., Methods: 20 cases with facial asymmetric deformities underwent 3D CT and the 3D images were reconstructed by Mimics 10.0 (Belgium). Anatomical landmarks were located and the coordinate of the landmarks obtained. Axial images of 1 patient with Romberg disease was used as representative case. The differences in the distance between the right landmarks and the left were calculated and analyzed., Results: The measurement results were not significantly different between two stages with an interval of 4 weeks ( P > 0.05), showing a reproducible resutls. The deviation of landmarks at facial midline increased gradually from upward to downward, reaching (2.63 +/- 0.54) mm at menton point. Paired landmarks showed asymmetry in three dimensions, especially gonion point on the left side, which was deviated 10.21 mm inward, 9.26 mm forward, 6.30 mm upward, compared to the opposite side., Conclusions: The method of 3D CT quantitative analysis can provide precise information in the diagnosis and treatment planning of facial asymmetry deformity.

Objective: To explore the clinical application of mandibular-driven simultaneous maxillo-mandihular distraction to correct hemifacial microsomia with rapid prototyping technology., Methods: The patient' s skull resin model was manufactured with rapid prototyping technology. The osteotomy was designed on skull resin model. According to the preoperative design, the patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and mandibular ramus osteotomy. The internal mandible distractor was embedded onto the osteotomy position. The occlusal titanium pin was implanted. Distraction were carried out by mandibular-driven simultaneous maxillo-mandihular distraction 5 days after operation., Results: The distraction in five patients was complete as designed. No infection and dysosteogenesis happened. The longest distance of distraction was 28 mm, and the shortest distance was 16 mm. The facial asymmetry deformity was significantly improved at the end of distraction. The ocelusal plane of patients obviously improved., Conclusions: Rapid prototyping technology is helpful to design precisely osteotomy before operation. Mandibular-driven simultaneous maxillo-mandibular distraction can correct hemifacial microsomia. It is worth to clinical application.

The microfibril angle and crystallinity of bamboo treated with gamma rays were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result indicated that crystallinity in bamboo increased when irradiation dose was less than 100 kGy, while the irradiation dose was raised to about 100 kGy, crystallinity in bamboo reduced. But during the whole irradiation process, the influence on microfibril angle was not obvious, so it was not the dominant factors on variation in physical-mechanical properties of bamboo during the process of irradiation.

Objective: To investigate the changes of collagens I and III after the addition of hyaluronic acid in the transplantation of porcine acellular dermal matrix., Methods: Full-thickness skin defects were created on the dorsa of Japanese white rabbits. And the rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups: Group A (hyaluronic acid, porcine acellular dermal matrix plus thin skin autografts), Group B (porcine acellular dermal matrix plus thin skin autografts) and Group C (skin autografts). Skin biopsies were performed at Day 50 post-grafting to detect the contents of collagens I and III by histological examinations, immunohistochemistry method and Western blot., Results: The areas of skin graft were (13.3 ± 1.2), (9.5 ± 0.9) and (10.0 ± 1.4) cm(2) in Groups A, B and C respectively. Group A was larger than Groups B and C(all P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference between Groups B and C (P > 0.05). The expressions of collagen I were 1894 ± 164, 515 ± 38 and 395 ± 43 in Groups A, B and C respectively. Group A was higher than Groups B and C (P < 0.01). And the expressions of collagen III were 5411 ± 435, 874 ± 70 and 2078 ± 175 in Groups A, B and C respectively. Group C was higher than Group B and yet lower than Group A (all P < 0.01). The ratios of collagen I and collagen III in Group A (0.39) and Group B (0.59) were higher than that of Group C (0.19) (all P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The addition of hyaluronic acid may boost the expression of collagens I and III and decrease the ratio of collagen I/collagen III. Thus it facilitates wound healing and basilar membrane remodeling and alleviates the contraction of skin transplant.

Atmosphere is an important factor that affects the quantitative analysis and application of remote sensing technology. In the support of IDL platform, the study takes advantages of dark pixel atmospheric correction algorithm (DPACA) to extract the optical depth of atmosphere, and then remove the atmospheric influences from each channel of the Hyperion sensor by that atmospheric parameter. The study results show that the optical depth decreases with the increase in central wavelength of the Hyperion sensor, namely the optical depth is negative versus the central wavelength of sensor. The linear model is the optimal experimental model that is used to describe that relationship, and its correlative coefficient is 0.9123. It was found that the signals recorded by the remote sensing sensor can't express the inherent optical properties and apparent optical properties in a proper manner. Additionally, the remote sensing signals are insensitive to the variations of waters qualities' samples. At the blue and green bands, the effects of atmosphere are the most serious. The spectra are completely different from the optical properties of natural waters at those bands. Compared with the theoretical spectral features of waters' optical properties, the image quality of Hyperion sensor has been perfectly improved by the DPACA. Under the condition of lacking the vertical profile data of atmosphere, the DPACA is an available approach to removing the atmospheric influence on the Hyperion imageries.

Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. (EAS) is a toxic invasion plant and has caused significant economic and environmental impacts in China. The EAS has the characteristics of widely distributing and quickly spreading. The traditional detecting and supervising methods become invalid when applied for managing the spatial distribution of EAS. Based on the analyzing results of the spectrum features of EAS, the present paper tried to structure the identifying models by remote sensing. The main objective of this paper is to develop an available method for detecting and mapping the spatial distribution of EAS. The study shows that the spectrum of EAS has two reflecting peaks and one absorbing trough. The corresponding wavelengths of those peaks are 560, 730 and 674 nm, respectively. The absorption characteristics of EAS at 647 nm are that the absorbing depth is 0.504 3-1.910 3, the absorbing width is 13.778 9-17.251 8 nm and the area at the left absorption band is greater than the right, and the corresponding area ratio of left to right is 1.771 9-2.444 1. The white flowers of EAS make the reflectance higher at visible bands, and the first-order derivatives of EAS spectral show a wave peak at 420 nm. Compared with the spectral feature of other representative materials, the absorbing characteristics at 647 nm, such as absorption width and absorption depth, and the peak at 420 nm of derivatives spectral are special features of EAS spectral, which can be used as remotely sensed parameters for detecting and mapping the EAS at florescence.

Objective: To explore the ultrastructure of the palate-maxillary sutures under tensile forces by transmission electron microscope (TEM)., Methods: The Suture expanders were made in NiTi-Shape memory alloy (NiTi-SMA). The maximum force was 3.5 N. Fourteen 8-month old mongrel dogs were used in the study. They were divided into three groups, (1) experimental group, (2) control group, (3) sham group. In the experiment and control groups, an 8 mm wide cleft was made by surgery. The suture expanders were fixed onto the palatine bones of the experimental group. The dogs of the experimental group were executed after 3, 7, 14, 28, 56 days of suture expansion. The change of suture tissue was examined by TEM., Results: The cleft of the experiment group were closed at the ninth day of expansion. At the beginning, tissue rupture, exudation, death of fibroblasts, disruption of collagen and tear vessels were seen at the early stage of suture expansion. Then highly active functional manifestations were seen in both osteocytic and fibrocytic populations. At last, normal structure restored., Conclusions: Cell types and functional condition could be distinguished clearly by TEM. It suggests that the suture expansion should be the process of tissue repair and regeneration. The suture cells response, especially, the osteogenic response were the major factor of increasing suture width.

Objective: To investigate the biomechanical changes with different directions distraction at midface., Methods: An anteriorly directed 500 g force was applied to the floor of apertura piriforms in different directions to the occlusal plane. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was used to evaluate the biomechanical change of craniofacial complex., Results: As the force direction was moved downward, the sagittal distraction length of the craniofacial complex decreased and vertical movement changed from upward to downward. The craniofacial complex was moved anteriorly when the downward force was applied about 20-30 degrees to the occlusal plane. The forces could generate the uniform stress distribution in the craniofacial sutures and avoid counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla., Conclusions: The craniofacial complex can be effectively distracted anteriorly when the downward force is applied to the floor of aperture piriforms in direction of 20-30 degrees to the occlusal plane.

Objective: To explore an appropriate measure to repair tissue defects and deformities in mandibulo-cervical region., Methods: Eighteen cases with severe tissue defects and deformity in jaw and neck were repaired with thoracic skin flap with multiple blood supply system in our unit from Jan. 2006 to Nov. 2008. Anterior cutaneous branch of transverse cervical artery, intercostal branch of internal thoracic artery and lateral thoracic artery were included in the pedicles., Results: All skin flaps survived, except in one patient in whom a small belb appeared at the distal end of the island flap with anterior cutaneous branch of transverse cervical artery, and it was healed after a few dressing changes. The functions and appearances were satisfactory after 6-month to 2-year follow-up, without showing secondary deformity., Conclusions: The blood supply of thoracic skin flap is abundant and constant, which is an ideal method for repair of tissue defects and deformities in jaw and neck after taking into account some factors, such as the demand of the patient, general physical condition, and the size of the defect.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical changes of midface skeleton protraction at its medium position in the craniofacial complex, using the three-dimensional finite element method (FEM)., Methods: A three-dimensional FEM model was developed from the CT scan images by the technologies of three-dimensional reconstruction, image processing and meshing. The protraction forces were applied to the following locations: the first molar, full maxillary arch, and the floor of aperture piriforms. Biomechanical changes from different position protraction were investigated by means of finite element analyses., Results: Protraction forces at the level of the floor of aperture piriforms produced a more forward movement of the upper maxilla in sagittal direction. Vertical and lateral displacements were less than those in loading with teeth or denture. Compressive stress on the radix nasi decreased obviously in midface skeleton protraction at its medium position., Conclusions: Compared with traditional orthopedic protraction, midface skeleton protraction at its medium position could advance maxilla en bloc, decrease the counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla, and reduce the constriction of the anterior part of the palate.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore suppositional sutural construction and protraction in the three-dimensional finite element model of craniofacial complex., Methods: Combining spiral CT scanning technology with the three-dimensional finite element method, three-dimensional FEM model of craniofacial complex was developed for analysis. In the model, craniofacial sutures were constructed through the MSC. Patran program and different mechanical properties of sutures were applied. Under the same loading condition, bone displacements of the maxilla were calculated., Results: A three-dimensional FE model of craniofacial complex, comprising teeth and craniofacial sutures, was developed. The displacement of the skeletal structures with sutures was significantly larger than that without sutures., Conclusions: The construction of craniofacial sutures in the three-dimensional finite element model of craniofacial complex could improve the accuracy of finite element model, which set up good foundation for biomechanical studies of craniofacial complex.

Aim: To construct the eukaryotic expression vector containing human vascular endothelial growth factor 165(VEGF165) gene and express it in rat bone marrow stroma cells(rMSCs)., Methods: The recombinant plasmid pSP73-VEGF165 was digested with BamH I and Xho I. Then the hVEGF165 gene segment obtained was again cloned into pcDNA3.1 to construct recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-VEGF165. Then the recombinant vector was identified by enzyme digestion analysis and sequencing. The rMSCs were transformed by recombinant vector and positive clones were screened with G418. The expression of hVEGF165 gene in the transformed cells was detected by immunocytochemical staining., Results: Enzyme digestion analysis and sequencing showed that target gene had been cloned into recombinant vector. The expression of hVEGF165 gene in the transformed cells had been demonstrated by immunocytochemical staining., Conclusion: The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector has been constructed and expressed successfully in the transformed cells. Therefore, it is possible to use the rMSCs expressing hVEGF165 gene as seed cells in the bone tissue-engineering.