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Objective To screen factors influencing the neurological prognosis following lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) in patients with hydrocephalus. Methods Total 136 patients who underwent LPS in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2014 to January 2020. The short-term neurological prognosis post - surgery were evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge. Univariate and multivariate stepwise Logistic regression analyses were conducted to screen factors affecting neurological prognosis. Results Of the 136 patients, 65 were categorized into the good prognosis group (mRS score ≤ 3), and 71 into the poor prognosis group (mRS score > 3). Logistic regression analysis indicated that an admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 9-12 (OR = 7.800, 95%CI: 7.205-8.443; P = 0.000) and 3-8 (OR = 6.299, 95%CI: 5.744-6.907; P = 0.006), as well as etiologies including traumatic brain injury (OR = 27.681, 95%CI: 24.270-31.572; P = 0.000), cerebral hemorrhage (OR = 13.017, 95%CI: 11.473-14.769; P = 0.005), subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR = 17.682, 95%CI: 15.683-19.935; P = 0.001), and other causes (OR = 5.851, 95%CI: 5.166-6.628; P = 0.050) were risk factors for poor short-term neurological prognosis in patients with hydrocephalus undergoing LPS. Conclusions The neurological prognosis after LPS in patients with hydrocephalus is influenced by multiple factors. Prognoses vary among patients with different admission GCS scores and different etiologies. Personalized treatment plans should be developed based on specific circumstances.

【Objective】 Soil dielectric constant measures the ability of a soil to transmit electric fields. It is the ratio of the capacitance of a soil sample to the capacitance of air-filled space of the same volume. In this paper, we systematically analyze the factors that influence the dielectric constant, offering an updated perspective on soil dielectric constant modeling. 【Method】 This study systematically identifies the primary factors influencing soil dielectric constant based on soil dielectric theory. Additionally, it categorizes and summarizes existing soil dielectric constant models, facilitating a comparative analysis of their strengths, weaknesses, applications, and future development. 【Result】 The primary influencing factors governing the dielectric constant varied with soil types, with notable dependence on testing frequency. However, the dielectric constant remains a valuable indicator of soil water content. The soil dielectric constant models were broadly categorized into four types: theoretical, semi-empirical, empirical, and boundary models. 【Conclusion】 Presently, there is a dearth of research focusing on the dielectric properties and model development specific to regional soils. Enhancing model accuracy necessitates incorporating the influence of soil-phase composition, mineral composition, and microstructure on the dielectric constant. This refinement will broaden the application studies for assessing and analyzing soil physical and chemical properties based on dielectric constant testing.

The clinical prognosis of acute severe brain injury is poor, and therapeutic hypothermia in targeted temperature management (TTM) is considered to be one of the most effective neuroprotective methods, which might effectively improve the prognosis of patients. Target temperature management includes therapeutic hypothermia, normal body temperature control and fever therapy. In recent years, there have been more and more studies about the effectiveness of therapeutic hypothermia and the measures toimprove its effectiveness. This article reviews the research progress of targeted temperature management in the treatment of severe neurological diseases, so as to provide a better neuroprotective strategy for the clinic.

The emitted SO3 from coal-fired flue gas into the atmosphere imperils the ecological environment and human health. The SO3 emission control now is a central issue that draws common attention. Therefore， the paper analyzes research progress and shortcomings of SO3 emission control technology from coal-fired flue gas and discusses the agglomeration and coagulation technologies to promote the growth of SO3 acid mist. Then， based on the domestic and foreign research and relevant domestic policy environment， the paper introduces the working principle of phase change condensation and the research status and progress of promoting the removal of SO3 acid mist after desulfurization. Finally， it proposes the direction and focus of SO3 emission control research based on phase change condensation technology.

To investigate the influence characteristic of cadmium on the resistivity of laterite, the laterite samples with different water content, dry density and cadmium content were tested to analyze the relationships between the influence factors and the resistivity of laterite using the two-electrode method, and finally the resistivity evaluation model of the cadmium contaminated laterite was proposed. The results showed that the resistivity of cadmium-contaminated laterite decreased with the increasing of dry density, water content and temperature. The resistivity sharply decreased in the range of dry density less than 1.30 g⋅cm-3, then gradually decreased and further stabilized. On the condition of different cadmium content, the resistivity gradually decreased with the increasing water content, and the most significant decrease was observed when the dry density was 1.20 g⋅cm-3. Under the same dry density and water content, the effect of temperature above 0 °C on resistivity was not significant. The increasing cadmium gave rise to the decreasing resistivity gradually, and the change in resistivity was significant when the cadmium content was less than 100 mg⋅cm-1. Considering the characteristics of dry density, water content and temperature comprehensively, the resistivity evaluation model of cadmium-contaminated laterite was established by the introduction of the volume water content, which had high fitting accuracy (R²=0.939 9), and the measured resistivity values were in good agreement with the model calculated resistivity values. The average mean absolute percentage error and root mean square error were 4.77% and 0.07, respectively. It could provided a theoretical model for the rapid electrical detection of heavy metal cadmium pollution in laterite areas, and it was beneficial for the quality evaluation of regional laterite cultivated land as a convenient analytical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anti-dandruff agents in hair care products, such as zinc pyrithione (ZPT), piroctone olamine (OCT) and climbazole, can deposit on the scalp and inhibit Malassezia growth to achieve anti-dandruff effect. However, it is always taking a long time and high cost to get accurate test results for evaluating the clinical efficacy of anti-dandruff agents. In this study, the effects of anti-dandruff agents were evaluated by quantitative suspension method in vitro. The test results showed that, there was significant difference in inhibition rate against Malassezia among different anti-dandruff agents. The results of inhibition rate showed that, the antifungal activity of different anti-dandruff agents in different products (shampoo and scalp care serum, etc.) against Malassezia was dose- and time-dependent. In a short period of time, there was no significant decrease of Malassezia. It inferred that anti-dandruff agents needed to deposit on the scalp or repeatedly deposit to play a long-term anti-dandruff effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power consumption is critical for wearable and IoT (Internet of things) devices. Device standby with micro- watt level power consumption can be enabled by using low-power wake-up receiver/wake-up signal technology, which can increase the device battery life and are widely applicable to smart wearables, Internet of things, smart phones, etc. Study item on low power wake-up receiver and wake-up signal technology has been approved in 3GPP, and was considered as one of the iconic technologies for mobile devices in 5G-Advanced. Preliminary discussion on low power wake-up receiver and wake-up signal technology were provided, including use case and requirements, low power wake-up receiver structure, wake-up signal design, mobility and measurement aspects, co-existence with legacy system, anti-interference design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum procalcitonin (PCT) in diagnosis of post - neurosurgical bacterial meningitis/ventriculitis (PNBM/BV) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Methods A prospective observational study was conducted, and 53 patients with suspected bacterial meningitis after craniotomy were selected from June 2018 to June 2019 in Department of Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University. The patients were divided into PNBM/BM group (25 cases) and non-PNBM/BV group (NPNBM/BV, 28 cases). CSF cells count, white blood cell count (WBC), protein quantity and glucose, blood glucose and CSF/blood glucose ratio, and CSF and serum PCT were measured. Pearson correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis were used to explore the correlation between CSF PCT and CSF and serum indicators. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) and calculate the area under the curve (AUC) were drawn, and the sensitivity and specificity of CSF and serum PCT in the diagnosis of PNBM/BV were calculated. Results CSF WBC (P = 0.011), protein quantity (P = 0.030), PCT (P = 0.000) and serum PCT (P = 0.010) in PNBM/BV group were higher than those in non-PNBM/BV group, while CSF glucose (P = 0.000) and CSF/serum glucose ratio (P = 0.000) in PNBM/BV group were lower than those in non-PNBM/BV group. Correlation analysis showed that PCT in CSF was positively correlated with serum PCT (r = 0.421, P = 0.002) and CSF WBC (r = 0.394, P = 0.004), but negatively correlated with CSF glucose (r = - 0.327, P = 0.018). The ROC curve showed the AUC of CSF PCT in the diagnosis of PNBM/BV was 0.835 (95%CI: 0.710-0.960, P = 0.000), the sensitivity was 88%, the specificity was 82.10%, the positive predictive value was 81.48% (22/27), the negative predictive value was 88.46% (23/26), and the diagnostic cutoff value was 0.331 ng/ml. The ROC curve showed the AUC of serum PCT for the diagnosis of PNBM/ BV was 0.720 (95% CI: 0.580-0.860, P = 0.000), the sensitivity was 64%, the specificity was 75%, the positive predictive value was 69.57% (16/23), the negative predictive value was 70% (21/30), and the diagnostic cutoff value was 0.501 ng/ml. Conclusions Detection of CSF and serum PCT has important clinical application value in the diagnosis of PNBM/BV after aSAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of intraoperative B-ultrasound real- time monitoring in craniotomy for patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods From March 2017 to June 2019, 64 patients with sTBI who met the admission criteria were included in the study. Craniotomy and/or decompressive craniectomy were performed. According to the application of real-time B- ultrasound-guided surgery, the patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: ultrasound group (n = 32) and control group (n = 32). The operation time, the number of new hematoma during and after operation, the probability of bone flap removal, the probability of second operation and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score were recorded. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to evaluate the prognosis and calculate the good prognosis rate. Results In the ultrasound group, 32 cases were successfully operated under the guidance of B-ultrasound, and the detection rate of new hematoma was 76% (19/25). The rate of hematoma clearance rate > 90% [84.38% (27/32) vs. 59.38% (19/32); χ² = 4.947, P = 0.026], GCS score at 3 d after operation (11.38 ± 3.54 vs. 9.19 ± 3.81; t = 2.382, P = 0.020) and good prognosis rate at discharge [56.25% (18/32) vs. 31.25% (10/32); χ² = 0.077, P = 0.038] in the ultrasound group were higher than those in the control group, but there were no significant differences in the operation time, the probability of bone flap removal and the probability of second operation between 2 groups (P > 0.05, for all). Conclusions Intraoperative real-time B-ultrasound-guided surgery can improve the prognosis of patients with sTBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of intracranial infection after neurosurgery. Methods Fifteen patients suspected of intracranial infection after neurosurgery were prospectively enrolled in Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January to October, 2019. Two weeks later, three neurosurgeons analyzed and judged whether it was clinical intracranial infection. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) routine, biochemical, bacterial smear and culture were recorded. The same CSF sample was sent for mNGS. All cases were followed up for 3 months, and the final diagnosis and treatment outcome were recorded. Results Eight cases were clinically diagnosed as intracranial infection. Among them positive for bacterial culture and mNGS, 3 cases were negative for both, one case was positive for bacterial smear in CSF at the early stage, but negative for culture and mNGS. Diagnosis of intracranial infection were excluded in 7 cases clinically. All the 7 cases were negative for bacterial culture and mNGS, one case was positive for bacterial culture of Staphylococcus epidermidis with head of ventricular drainage tube, and negative for bacterial culture and mNGS in CSF. The bed was judged to be contaminated by the tube head specimen. The number of detection sequence of pathogenic bacteria genes in the 4 cases with positive mNGS was 212, 329, 1601 and 5371, which was accompanied by the decrease of glucose and the increase of leukocyte in CSF. The number of gene sequences of non-infectious background bacteria was less than 100. The sensitivity and specificity of mNGS sequencing in the diagnosis of postoperative intracranial infection were 4/8 and 7/7, and the accuracy was 11/15. Conclusions The clinical value of mNGS in the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial infection after neurosurgery is preliminarily verified. Based on the traditional detection method, mNGS in CSF can be used as a supplement, but the detection of mNGS must be interpreted reasonably according to the clinical situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often develops secondary coagulopathy (TBI-IC), which is characterized by a hypercoagulable state that leading to intracranial and systemic ischemic events and rapidly developing into a consumptive hypocoagulable state that leading to hemorrhagic injuries. These two coagulative states in patients with TBI are highly integrated and closely associated with poor outcomes. It has become the consensus that early diagnosis and correction of TBI-IC improve survival and neurological outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms of TBI-IC remain poorly understood, and there is a lack of effective treatment. This article will review the clinical course, potential pathophysiological mechanism and treatment strategy of TBI-IC, hoping to provide reference for better guidance of clinical diagnosis and treatment of TBI-IC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online booking platform about large-scale analysis and testing instruments and equipment has very obvious practical significance in realizing laboratory instruments and equipment resource sharing and improving the utilization efficiency of lab resources for colleges and universities. Experiment center of School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering in Harbin Institute of Technology has established the large-scale test equipment comprehensive management platform based on the analysis of database and network technology. It treats the body of the experiment as a starting point and designs the basic functions according to the more scientific and standardized requirements of the laboratory management. Hence, it has not only made up the deficiency of the traditional laboratory instrument booking management, solved the problem of many model analysis testing equipment online booking, and satisfied the demands of efficient utilization of large comprehensive university laboratory instruments, but also provides more valuable laboratory management experience for other colleges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explained the character of dental disease and effective facts for dental health utilization, and current situation of basic medical insurance for oral diseases through checking up relative articles. Dental insurance had a positive effect on utilization of dental medical service and public oral health. The PEST tool was used to analyze the environment of dental insurance developing direction and feasibility in this article, and then raise some suggestions and core strategies for developing dental insurance. We believe that the dental insurance can increase the oral health service utilizations and enhance the oral health for Chinese people. Only oral insurance will be developed, Chinese oral health could be geared to international practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nano-carbon powders were prepared by sol-gel method, in which the coal tar pitch was first oxidized into aqua-mesophase pitch (AMP) by mixtures of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and then the AMP was dissolved in aqueous solution of ammonia hydroxide to form the carbonaceous hydrogel, which was directly exchanged with ethanol to remove water and dried at room temperature. The AMP, the primary nano-carbon powders and their heat-treated products were characterized by FT-IR, TG, XRD and TEM method. The results show that the nano-carbon powders can successfully be prepared by drying at room temperature; the ball-like nano-carbon powders are well distributed with an average size of about 20 nm and have a turbostratic carbon structure. In the reaction of coal tar pitch with mixing acids, the reaction of nitration, oxidation and sulfonation was mainly involved. The pyrolysis process can be divided into four stages ,including removal of ethanol and water, pre-pyrolysis, pyrolysis and rearrangement of carbon structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the technique and therapeutic effect of bridge wire splint fixation with ankle dorsiflexion for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in young children. Methods:From June 2006 to June 2012,45 young children with femoral shaft fractures were treated by bridge wire splint fixation with ankle dorsiflexion,which was designed according to arch bridge mechanical principle and structure. There were 31 males and 14 females with an average age of 3.2 years old ranging from 8 months to 5.5 years old; 14 cases were upper 1/3 femoral fractures,26 cases were middle 1/3 femoral fractures,5 cases were lower 1/3 femoral fractures; 20 cases were transverse fractures, 14 cases were oblique fractures,6 cases were spiral frac- tures, and 5 cases were comminuted fractures. X-ray, follow-up imaging changes,clinical curative effect and complications were assessed., Results: Forty-five patients were followed up for 6 to 21 months (averaged 12 months). All fractures were reached clinical bone healing after 5 to 7 weeks (averaged 6 weeks) fixation. Seven cases appearred limb soft tissue complications, including buttocks bedsore,dorsal foot and Achilles tendon epidermal necrosis, and healed after dressing and removal of external fixation. During follow-up,the original overlap angle and lateral displacement were remodeled, and limbs were restored to the normal line of force and bone structure. According to Flynn standard, 35 cases got excellent results, 8 cases good, 2 cases fair., Conclusion: The bridge wire splint fixation with ankle dorsiflexion for the treatment of femoral. shaft fractures in young children (less than 6 years old) is safe,feasible, simple,and has raliable effect, which can be applied in primary hospitals.

Objective: To study the differences of relevant factors to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection between urban and rural women., Methods: 10 000 sexually active women from Shenzhen city and rural areas were interviewed with questionnaire on risk factor to HPV infection and screened for cervical cancer, using 3 kinds of HPV test., Results: Average age of the study population was 38.9, with prevalence rates of HPV infection among the total population, people in SSEZ (Shenzhen Special Economic Zone), out of SSEZ, and rural areas were 33.3%, 35.8%, 30.2%, and 33.8% respectively. Relevant factors to HPV infection in SSEZ were those mainly having had history of abortion,having more sexual partners in lifetime and husbands who work outside the area. Relevant factors to HPV infection out of SSEZ were those mainly having had more episodes of abortion, more sexual partners in lifetime and using condom more than other contraceptives. Relevant factors to HPV infection in rural area were: having more abortions and smoking behavior., Conclusion: There were some differences of relevant factors to HPV infection between urban and rural women. In urban area, having had more sexual partners in lifetime played a very important role in contracting HPV infection while condom use for contraception seemed to be a protective factor. In the rural areas, smoking was a risk factor for HPV infection, to some extent. Having had more episodes on abortion showed as a common risk factor to both urban and rural females, on HPV infection.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and pathogenecity of the HPV subtyping and virus loads in Shenzhen district., Methods: In the study, 10 000 sexually active women from Shenzhen city and rural areas around were screened for cervical cancer, and all the cases were examined with cytology tests and several kinds of high risk HPV (HR-HPV) tests. Those with cytology ≥atypical squamous cells of undetermined sign (ASC-US) or positive HPV results underwent colposcopy with biopsy for a pathological diagnosis., Results: The average age of this study population was 38.9 years. The total prevalence of HPV infection was 16.6%, with age-specific prevalence increasing with age. The morbidity rate of the low grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN1 was 17.0%, but that with those aged ≥55 years showed a sharp drop. The morbidity rate of the high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN2/3 was 2.6%, and was higher in the 45 to 59 years age group than in the 25 to 44 years age group. HR-HPV infection was an obvious relevant factor of CIN1 and CIN2/3, and the OR values increased as the virus loads increased, but they had different relevant HPV subtypes. We found that HPV-16, -58, -31, -33, -18 were the first five ones for CIN2/3 while HPV-39, -58, -59, -52, -66 for CIN1., Conclusion: There is a high level of HPV infection and CIN in Shenzhen district. The prevalence of HPV infection has a trend to increase with age, and the people aged 45 years and more are key objects for CIN2/3 screening, with the virus load and subtyping of HR-HPV infection as indicative factors.

Objective: To investigate the changes of Cdc42 expression under estrogen stimulation, and to explore the signaling pathway of intracellular material transportation caused by estrogen., Methods: MTT was used to test the drug sensitivity of cells. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of Cdc42 mRNA. The amount of ADM accumulated in MCF-7 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The protein levels of active-Cdc42 and Total-Cdc42 were measured by Western blot., Results: IC(50) of ADM in MCF-7 cells was increased from (0.098 ± 0.011) µg/ml to (0.134 ± 0.130) µg/ml (P < 0.05) after estrogen stimulation. The amount of ADM accumulated in MCF-7 cells was reduced from 7.253 ± 0.310 to 3.233 ± 0.313 (P < 0.05). All of Cdc42 mRNA, active-Cdc42 protein and total-Cdc42 protein were increased (P < 0.05). After the treatment with siRNA, the IC(50) of ADM in siRNA group was decreased to (0.057 ± 0.017) µg/ml (P < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. The amount of accumulated ADM was significantly increased in the siRNA group, and all the expression levels of Cdc42 mRNA, active-Cdc42 protein and total-Cdc42 protein were decreased in the siRNA group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Estrogen enhances the drug resistance in breast cancer cells. The mechanism of this effect may be via the enhancing Cdc42 expression and decreasing the accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs in the cancer cells.

Objective: To compare clinical effects between bridge wire splint fixation and traditional Bryant traction for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children., Methods: From June 2006 to June 2009,38 children with femoral shaft fractures were treated with bridge wire splint fixation and Bryant traction. In bridge wire splint group, there were 15 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 8 months to 5.3 years, with an average of (2.3 +/- 0.6) years. According to fracture site classification, 5 patients were upper 1/3 femoral fractures, 9 patients were middle 1/3 femoral fractures,and 7 patients were lower 1/3 femoral fractures. In Bryant traction group,there were 10 males and 7 females, ranging in age from 10 months to 3.2 years, with an average of (2.2 +/- 0.4) years. According to fracture site classification, 4 cases were upper 1/3 femoral fractures, 10 patients were middle 1/3 femoral fractures, 3 patients were lower 1/3 femoral fractures. The clinical features, X-ray healing time,weight-bearing time and complications of the two groups were compared., Results: Comparison of fracture healing time: bridge wire splint group was (6.0 +/- 0.3) weeks and Bryant traction group was (6.2 +/- 0.4) weeks; the time of weight-bearing in bridge wire splint group was (6.1 +/- 1.0) weeks and in Bryant traction group was (6.4 +/- 1.2) weeks; there was no significant difference between two groups. There was a significant difference in soft tissue complication between bridge wire splint group occurred in 3 cases and 13 cases in Bryant traction group. According to the criteria of clinical efficacy,in Bryant traction group, 12 patients got an excellent result, 4 good and 1 fair; in bridge wire splint group, the data were 17, 3 and 1 respectively,and there was no significant difference between the two groups., Conclusion: Both of bridge wire splint fixation and traditional Bryant traction for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children have good efficacy. Compared with Bryant traction,bridge wire splint fixation is simple, safe and has reliable effect.

Objective: To establish the methods of calculating and analyzing the multi-coefficient of variation significance test for the toxicology study., Methods: The paper aimed to confirm the significance level with the method of Bonferroni and then compared the methods of calculating and analyzing of the experiment groups with the control group respectively., Results: The significance level of multi-coefficient of variation significance test was confirmed as alpha1=0.0167. Compared with the control groups, the activity of ALT in serum both in 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups did not change in the average significance test, which was not statistically significant (P>0.05), while it changed in the variation significance test, which was of statistical significance (P<0.0167). The activity of AST in serum in 60 mg/kg group did not change in the average significance test (P>0.05), while it changed in the variation significance test (P<0.0167)., Conclusion: The complete changes of the indexes can only be shown by use of both the average significance test and the variation significance test together.

Objective: To instigate the values of 64 row spiral CT in pre-operative assessment of the occlusion and intra-operative guidance in percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion (CTO) in coronary heart disease., Methods: Fifteen coronary disease patients planned to receive percutaneous coronary intervention underwent 64-row spiral CT-coronary angiography and coronary angiography (CAG). The diagnostic effects of these 2 techniques were compared., Results: Seventeen CTO lesions were confirmed. MSCT succeeded to show the lengths of the 17 CTO lesions with a calcification identification rate of 76.4%, significantly higher than that of the CAG (41.5%). By cross-section examination, MSCT succeeded to detect the occlusion degree of the calcified lesions, and showed that 3 CTO lesions were occluded at a rate < 50%, and 10 lesions at a rate > or = 50%. Twelve complete occlusion lesions in 11 patients underwent PCT, success was seen in 6 of which and failure in the other 6. Univariate analysis showed that the length of lesion, branching at the proximal site, formation of bridging lateral branch, form of occlusion end, and calcification were all not significantly related to the success or failure of intervention. The percentage of the calcification area > or = 50% in the intervention failure group was 83.3%, significantly higher than that in the intervention success group (16.7%, P = 0.05). 3-D images of coronary artery could be obtained by MSCT to show all the complete occlusive lesions., Conclusion: 64-MSCT demonstrates a remarkable ability to identify silicified lesions, can re-establish 3-D images of coronary artery, and effectively guide the intervention therapy.

Objective: To explore the necessity of the central region cervical lymph node dissection for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma., Methods: Clinical data of 457 papillary thyroid cancer patients underwent bilateral thyroidectomy with cervical lymph node excision from June 2003 to September 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 86 male patients and 371 female patients. The age was 17 to 73 years old., Results: There were no death for operation or in hospital. The total rate of central region cervical lymph node (VI region) metastasis was 59.1% (270/457), and bilateral metastasis was 42.2% (114/270). The total rate of III + IV region cervical lymph node metastasis was 29.8% (136/457). For unilateral papillary thyroid cancer, when tumor diameter over 1 cm and tumor breaking through thyroid caps, the central region cervical lymph node metastasis was 64.5% (178/276) and 81.6% (120/147) respectively. When the tumor diameter < or = 1 cm and tumor confining in thyroid, central region cervical lymph node metastasis was 23.4% (11/47) and 39.2% (69/176) respectively. There were 5 cases with lymph node jumping metastasis. During the follow-up of 7 to 59 months, 1 case died of lung metastasis. Four cases occurred local recurrence, 3 cases occurred distant metastasis. There was no case of hypothyroidism under the thyroxine replacement therapy., Conclusions: For papillary thyroid cancer, the most common cervical lymph node metastasis is central region. It is necessary to dissect bilateral central region lymph node following the original surgical procedures.

Objective: To establish a fingerprint analysis method for quality control of Panax quinquefolium from Liuba County in Shanxi Province by RP-HPLC., Methods: A gradient mobile system was applied in the experiment. The fingerprints of different samples were compared by similarity evaluation software., Results: The similarities among different samlpes were high. 14 peaks were identified as the characteristic fingerprints of Panax quinquefolium. All samples contained the same characteristic peaks, but the content difference of each peak among the samples resulted in the difference of their chromatograms., Conclusions: This method is precise with good repeatability and good baseline separation of all the chromatographic peaks, so it can be effectively used to assess the quality of Panax quinquefolium.

Objective: To examine the correlation between multiple sclerosis (MS) in Chinese Southern Han population and the polymorphism of HLA-DRB1 and -DPB1 alleles, and compare it to the reports of Western, Japanese and Northern Chinese populations., Methods: The HLA-DRB1 and -DPB1 alleles of 26 patients with conventional MS (C-MS), 13 patients with optic-spinal form of MS (OS-MS), and 50 normal controls were determined by sequence-based typing (SBT) method. The frequency of the HLA alleles was compared between the 2 MS subtypes and the MS subtypes and the controls by chi(2) or Fisher exact probability test. The P values were corrected according to Bonferroni's method to calculate corrected the P values (Pc)., Results: A total of 27 HLA-DRB1 alleles and 13 HLA-DPB1 alleles were identified in the 39 MS patients and 50 controls. The frequencies of DRB1(*)0406 (P = 0.014, OR = 2.09) and DRB1(*)1302 alleles (P = 0.007, OR = 2.84) were higher in the OS-MS patients than in the controls. In addition, the DRB1(*)120201 allele was more frequent in the C-MS patients than in the controls, and the frequency of DPB1(*)2101 was higher in the OS-MS patients than in the controls. However, all the differences were of no significance since the corrected P values (Pc) were all > 0.1. There was no correlation between the MS subtypes and the HLA-DRB1(*)1501 or DPB1(*)0501 as reported in Western and Japanese populations (all P > 0.1)., Conclusion: The correlation between HLA-DRB1 and -DPB1 in Southern Han MS population is different from that in the Western, Japanese, and Northern Chinese populations. Southern Han MS patients may be linked to the HLA-DRB1(*)0406, DRB1(*)1302, DRB1(*)120201 and DPB1(*)2101, but not to the HLA-DRB1(*)1501 or DPB1(*)0501 alleles as reported in the above populations.

Objective: To analyze the indication of reoperation of thyroid cancer and to explore the timing, surgical pattern of reoperation., Methods: Protocols of 72 patients underwent reoperation of thyroid cancer from June 2003 to August 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. Causes for reoperation were as follows: residue of the tumor locally as the inappropriate initial operation; local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastasis; before (131)I ablation which differentiated thyroid cancer with distant place metastasis. The reoperation style included residual lobectomy plus isthmus with single tumor below 2 cm, total thyroidectomy in most the other conditions and selective lymph node dissection in finding or suspected cervical lymph node metastasis., Results: The rate of residual in thyroid confirmed by postoperative pathology was 47.1% (32/68). The rate of residual in cervical lymph node was 81.4% (35/43). The rates of temporary and permanent laryngeal recurrent nerve injury were 5.6% (4/72) and 1.4% (1/72) respectively. The rates of temporary and permanent hypocalcemia were 26.4% (19/72) and 1.4% (1/72) respectively., Conclusions: Inadequate operation, local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer need revision surgery undoubtedly. The optimal treatment was total thyroidectomy and level VI, VII central compartment lymph node dissection plus intraoperative frozen-section evaluation.

Dendritic cells (DCs) derived from bone marrow cells are specialized cells for the uptake, processing, and presentation of foreign and self-antigens. The study indicated that re-transfusion of DCs pulsed with tumor-associated antigen can induce an vigorous specific anti-tumor response in clinic. The present study was aimed to investigate the enhancing effect of DCs derived from human cord blood on T cells in killing tumor cells. Human cord blood mononuclear cells were isolated from human cord blood by density gradient centrifugation using lymphocyte separating medium, and cord blood mononuclear cells were obtained by adherence and cultured in a liquid culture system with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 15 days. Then the cells were analyzed for phenotypes of CD1a by indirect immunofluorescence. The capacity of DCs to initiate T cell-dependent anti-tumor immune responses was assayed by MTT kit. The ratios of DCs to tumor cells in experimental groups were 20:1, 50:1 and 100:1 respectively. The DCs were not added in control group. The results indicated that in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, the DCs with typical morphological features at days 15 were observed. At that time, (43.12 +/- 5.83)% CD1a(+) cells were obtained. In addition to these phenotypic properties, the DC of experimental groups could remarkably initiate T cell-dependent anti-tumor immune responses with different ratios compared with control group (P < 0.01), there were no significant difference of killing effects between 100:1 and 50:1 groups (P > 0.05), and killing effect of DC in 20:1 group was higher than that in 100:1 or 50:1 groups (P < 0.05). It is concluded that human cord blood mononuclear cells can serve as a better source of DC, which can promote the capacity to initiate T cell-dependent anti-tumor immune responses.

Three-dimensional (3D) culture of cells could closely mimic the in vivo situation with regard to cell function and microenvironment compared with plane monolayer cultured cells. In this paper, we established 3D culture of rat WB-F344 cells with rotary cell culture system (RCCS) to simulate microgravity environment, and examined cells proliferation, morphology, microstructure, E-cadherin protein quantity and mRNA expression of adhesion molecules by count the number of cells, optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results demonstrated that cells were polyhedron with lots of micovilli and mitochondria, which grow well and packed together densely to form irregular aggregates. Adjacent cells were connected with desmosome and tight junction. With the regard, the aggregates behaved 3D growth characteristics. Moreover, compared with control, mRNA level of Fibronectin and E-cadherin protein were increased, the changes maybe is the part mechanism in this microgravity simulated cells culture models which strengthened cells junction. This rotating 3D model might facilitate the study of interactions of cell-cell, cell-matrix and the mechanisms.

Objective: To investigate the early diagnosis on iatrogenic injuries in distal part of common bile duct and the prevention of severe retroperitoneal infection., Methods: From 1990 to 2004, 17 patients with bile duct injures in the distal part of common biliary tract were admitted. And the clinical data of the 17 cases were retrospectively analyzed., Results: Of the 17 cases, the injuries of 15 cases were caused by the operation, and the injuries of the other 2 cases were caused in the process of removing the stone by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The injuries of 14 cases were found during the operation, but the other one was not found in time. Before the operation, 16 cases were examined by B-type ultrasonography, 2 by MRCP and 6 by intraoperative choledocho-endoscope after the biliary tract exploration. Ten cases underwent perforating suture repair and T-tube drainage; 2 with Odd's sphincter incision and shaping; 2 with choledochojejunostomy; 1 with duodenum wall and bile duct repair and drainage. When the bile duct injured, the major findings during operation were bile duct explorer located out of the duodenum wall and bile duct, two or more than cleft in the distal part of common biliary tract found by choledocho-endoscopic examination, retroperitoneal edema and liquid accumulation found by irrigating water through T-tube, and/or retroperitoneal tissues stained blue by irrigating methylthioninium chloride through T-tube. The clinical manifestations after injuries were abdominal distention, abdominal pain, pain in the waist and back, fever and shock, et al. Thirteen cases were cured. And the syndromes included 1 case with intestinal fistula, 1 with incisional infection, 4 dead (3 died from infectious shock; 1 from bleeding in gastrectomy)., Conclusions: The postoperative clinical manifestations for iatrogenic injuries in the distal part of common biliary tract lack specificity, CT examinations are necessary to doubtful patients. Early diagnosis and timely management can obtain better results, and can effectively lower severe retroperitoneal infection. The perfect preoperative imaging examinations and intraoperative choledocho-endoscopic examinations before the biliary tract exploration maybe reduce iatrogenic injuries in the distal part of common biliary tract.

Objective: To summarize the reoperation experiences in treatment of massive rebleeding after subtotal gastrectomy for bleeding gastroduodenal ulcer., Methods: From 1980 to 2002, clinical data of 26 cases with massive rebleeding after subtotal gastrectomy for bleeding gastrorenal ulcer were analyzed retrospectively., Results: Preoperative gastroscopy was performed in 6 cases, intraoperative gastroscopy in 11, and preoperative superselective angiography in 2 cases. Eleven cases with left ulcer or post- bulb ulcer bleeding underwent resection of the left ulcer or longitudinal incision of the duodenal descending part and direct hemostasis. Thirteen cases with anastomotic stoma bleeding underwent local suture hemostasis or resection of the stoma plus Billroth II or Roux- en- Y gastrojejunostomy. Two cases with gastric bleeding received reexcision of the stomach remnant. Twenty- four cases (92.3% ) were cured and 2 cases (7.7% ) died of gastric bleeding., Conclusion: Preoperative superselective angiography and intraoperative gastroscopy are beneficial to clarify the bleeding position and causes for massive rebleeding after gastrectomy. It is very important to select proper operative method to prevent postoperative rebleeding.

Objective: To investigate serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and its correlation with insulin resistance in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)., Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the fasting serum TNF-alpha levels of 42 women with GDM (28 approximately 39 gestational weeks), and 40 cases of normal pregnant women in the third trimester. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were also measured at the same time. Insulin sensitive index (ISI) was calculated., Results: (1) Significantly elevated serum TNF-alpha was found in the women with GDM (5.2 +/- 1.6) ng/L as compared with the healthy pregnant women in third trimester (4.5 +/- 0.5) ng/L (P < 0.01); ISI between the two groups was significantly different, (-4.3 +/- 0.5) and (...3.8 +/- 0.3) (P < 0.01). (2) fasting plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, HbA1c in GDM group were (5.5 +/- 0.7) mmol/L, (13.4 +/- 3.8) mU/L, (1.6 +/- 0.4) nmol/L, (5.6 +/- 0.5)%, being significantly higher than those in the normal pregnant women (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). (3) Significant negative linear correlation was revealed between TNF-alpha and ISI (r = -0.703, P < 0.01), and positive linear correlations between TNF-alpha and plasma glucose, C-peptide, and HbA1c were found (r = 0.512, 0.629, 0.386); but no correlation between TNF-alpha and insulin was found in GDM group. In normal group the correlation between ISI and TNF-alpha was also found (r = -0.390, P < 0.05), but less significant than that in the GDM group., Conclusions: Fasting plasma TNF-alpha levels in pregnant women with GDM is significantly higher than in normal pregnant women. A negative relationship between TNF-alpha and insulin sensitivity index is found in GDM, suggesting increased TNF-alpha may contribute to insulin resistance in pregnant women with gestational diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of early superselective angiography and embolization in the diagnosis and treatment of massive bleeding after gastrectomy., Methods: The clinical data of 28 patients with massive bleeding after surgery from 1980 to 2001 were retrospectively analysed. All patients underwent emergency angiography and 27 of them were treated by transcatheter embolization., Results: Bleeding was controlled in 26 of the 28 patients (93%), recurrent bleeding occurred in 1, an recognized bleeding in 1, and abdominal pain in 1. There was no death., Conclusions: Transarterial embolization for massive bleeding after gastrectomy is safe and effective. It is suggested that early emergency angiography should be considered in all patients with massive gastrointestinal bleeding after gastrectomy.

5' and 3' flanking region of ovine BLG were amplified from sheep genomic DNA according to the published whole sequence of ovine BLG and cloned to pGEM-T vector correspondently. By partially sequencing, the sequences of BLG 5' and 3' flanking were the same as that of publication completely. The recombinant structure used to direct exogenous gene especially to express in mammary gland was constructed by joining 4.2 kb 5' flanking with 2.1 kb 3' flanking. In order to assess the efficiency of BLG regulatory elements, green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene as a reporter was fused with BLG construct and transfected the mammary epithelial cells (TD47). Through observation under UV microscope and detection by fluorometer, it is demonstrated that the GFP has been successfully expressed in TD47 cell line. By virtue of direct observation and quantitative analysis, the BLG-GFP construct can be served as a model for the quick assessment of mammary gland expression construct.