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Rapeseed is an essential oil crop in China. Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are the main planting areas, which account for more than 42% of the total planted area of rapeseed in China. The area has more than 3467 ha of winter fallow field, with massive potential for utilization. The total mechanization rate of rapeseed tillage, seeding and harvesting in the 3 provinces is higher than national average. Still, the uneven development, insufficient utilization of idle fields in winter, low levels of mechanization and intelligence, are technical bottlenecks for improving whole mechanization. This paper analyzes the basic situation and existing problems of the rapeseed industry in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, combing tillage, seeding, harvesting key aspects of mechanization and intelligent technology, and gives the technical routes of the whole process of rapeseed production that could be promoted. Meanwhile, a comparative analysis of the technical characteristics and difficulties in promoting the application of the "tillage, seeding and harvesting" aspects of rapeseed production was carried out. Development trend of rapeseed production technology mode is semi-mechanized, mechanized to intelligent in the winter fallow fields. The technical development paths of each link are discribed as "anti-blocking, anti-sticky, anti-tangle, and high-speed, efficient, low consumption" mechanized tillage. Integrated tillage and seeding technology to complete multiple working procedures simultaneously. High efficiency, low consumption and low loss of rapeseed mechanized harvesting technology should be combined with harvesting and two-stage harvesting synergistic development. The mechanization technology of feeding, vegetable and fertilizer and the critical technology of intelligent rapeseed production should also be developed and applied simultaneously. To achieve high yield, several suggestions for promoting full mechanization technology model for rapeseed in the mid-winter fields of the Yangtze River are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop the birth weight curve of singleton neonates with a gestational age of 24-42 weeks, and to investigate the regional differences of the birth weight curve. Methods A total of 11 maternal and child health hospitals with more than 7 000 neonates delivered annually were selected in 11 cities of China (Haikou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Liuzhou, Guilin, Quanzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Changsha, Ningbo, and Lianyungang), and all live singleton neonates delivered in the 11 hospitals from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020 were enrolled for the development of birth weight curves. Results A total of 93 720 singleton neonates with a gestational age of 24-42 weeks from the 11 cities were included in the study. The reference values of the 3rd-97th percentiles of birth weight of singleton neonates for the total of the 11 cities and for each of the 11 cities were established, and the birth weight percentile curves were drawn. The birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in Shenzhen and Quanzhou was almost the same as the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in Haikou, Guangzhou, Guilin, and Liuzhou was slightly lower than the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in Chongqing, Chengdu, and Changsha was slightly higher than the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in Ningbo and Lianyungang was higher than the average level of the 11 cities. The average birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in the 11 cities were very close to that of China Neonatal Cooperation Network in 2011-2014. Conclusions The reference values of the 3rd-97th percentiles of birth weight of singleton neonates for the total of the 11 cities and for each of the 11 cities are developed, which can be used as a reference for evaluating the intrauterine growth of singleton neonates in the region. The level of intrauterine growth of neonates in some cities is different from the national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment with single-factor design was conducted to investigate the effects of light intensity on growth and survival of cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis). The specific growth rate, survival rate, oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate, lactic acid content in muscle, respiratory metabolic enzymes (including hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase), superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde in liver were measured in five constant light intensity treatments (10, 30, 50, 70, 90 µmol ⋅ m ⋅ s-1 ). The main results were as follows; The specific growth rate and survival rate remained steady initially and then decreased gradually with the increases of light intensity. There was no significant difference between groups 10 and 30 µmol ⋅ m-2s-1, but they were significantly higher than those of the other groups. Exposed to light intensities of 10 and 30 µmol ⋅ m-2 ⋅ s-1, the specific growth rates were (8.43 ±0.22)% ⋅ d-1 and (8.47±0.17)% ⋅ d-1, and the survival rates were (79.2±5.9)% and (80.0±4.9)%, respectively. Oxygen consumption rates and ammonia excretion rates increased first slowly and then sharply, and reached the maximum value when light intensity was 90 µmol ⋅ m ⋅ s-1, which was significantly higher than those of the other groups. Lactic acid content in muscle firstly decreased and then increased, with the minimum value at 30 µmol ⋅ m ⋅ s-2. The acid content of 10 µmol ⋅ m ⋅ s was significantly lower than those of the other groups except 30 and 50 µmol ⋅ m ⋅ s . With the increases of light intensity, the activities of HK and PK in gills remained steady initially and then decreased gradually, and reached the highest level when exposed to 10 and 30 µmol ⋅ m-2 ⋅ s, which were significantly higher than those of the other groups. LDH activity in muscle had the lowest level at the light intensity of 10 and 30 jjimol ⋅ m ⋅ s, which was significantly lower than those of the other groups. SOD activity in liver firstly increased and then decreased, and reached the highest level ((104.93±4.17) U ⋅ mg-2 pro) when exposed to 70 µmol ⋅ m ⋅ s-2, which was significantly higher than those of the other groups. MDA content in liver first remained steady and then increased gradually, and reached the highest level ((5.06±0.35) nmol ⋅ mg-1 pro) when exposed to 90 µmol ⋅ m-2 ⋅ s-1, which was significantly higher than those of the other groups. In conclusion, the optimum light intensities for growth, survival and metabolism of S. pharaonis were 10 and 30 µmol ⋅ m-2 ⋅ s-1, beyond which S. pharaonis would be under stress. Therefore, sunproof measures should be taken to keep weak light condition in culture practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To establish a three-dimensional biological printing technique of hBMSCs. METHODS: The hBMSCs were regularly isolated and cultured, and adjusted to the density of lxlO6/mL single cell suspension. Then these cells were labeled by PI fluorescence marker, and transferred by rapid prototype biological printer. Deposition spots were 300µm apart at X-axis, 500µm at Y-axis, 50µm at Z-axis, and then observed by laser confocal microscope. RESULTS: This technique could deposit cells with good spatial control. In three-dimensional layer, each "cell ink" drop contained 15-35 hBMSCs post-transfer, and achieved accurate distribution with spots distributed 300µm apart at x-axis, 500µm at y-axis and 50µm at Z-axis. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that hBMSCs can be effectively delivered by a rapid prototype printer with speed and accuracy. Application of three dimensional printing is of great importance in tissue engineering bone. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grout No.30600650). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on GIS technology and by using moving window method, the characteristics of landscape pattern in Northeast China in 2006 and the relationships between these characteristics and environmental factors such as precipitation, air temperature, altitude and human activities were studied. In the study area in 2006, forest land had the largest proportion, followed by the cultivated land, occupying 61.69% and 25.11% of the total respectively, and the landscape diversity had the characteristics of circle-zoning structure, which provided a buffer region for fragmented and sensitive regions, making the adverse ecological consequences be reduced to or restricted in a definite scale. The correlation coefficients of landscape indices with precipitation and air temperature were less than 0.4, and those with altitude were less than 0.07, illustrating that the heterogeneity of landscape pattern in study area was not dependent on single natural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to reveal the puff-by-puff release behavior of ester and alcoholic monomer flavors from filter tow of demi-slim cigarettes, the transfer rules of representative esters and alcoholic monomer flavors during smoking of demi-slim cigarettes were studied using ultrasonic assisted extraction combined with gas chromatography (GC) method. The results showed that: 1) The puff-by-puff transfer rates of 17 esters and 13 alcoholic monomer flavors were in the range of 0.31%-20.43% and 1.54%-19.60%, respectively, with those of acetic esters and straight chain saturated alcohols being greater and those of cinnamates and unsaturated alcohols having relatively stable puff-by-puff releases. 2) For the same puff number, the puff-by-puff transfer rates of each group of homologous monomers of ester and alcoholic monomer flavors increased with increasing boiling points, and those of each group of isomeric monomer flavors increased with increasing molecular structural stability. 3) Puff-by-puff transfer rates of ester and alcoholic monomer flavors increased with proceeding puff, and there was a good linear positive correlation between the cumulative puff-by-puff transfer rates and puff numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to investigate the effects of different control modes for two-section cylinder dryer and the resulted quality of demi-slim cigarettes, two varying temperature drying modes (a high-to-low and low-to-high cylinder wall temperature, in the direction of tobacco flowing) and a constant wall temperature mode were evaluated on the physicochemical properties of cut leaf strips and the sensory quality of the cigarettes. The results showed that: 1) The two varying temperature drying modes promoted longer strand proportion, integral strand proportion and the filling power of cut strips, and the constant temperature drying mode was beneficial to the uniformity of cut strip structure. 2) The generation and accumulation of volatile aroma components in the dried cut strips were influenced by the drying modes slightly. The dual-temperature drying mode at 125 °C/145 °C and the constant temperature drying mode at 135 °C resulted in a lower processing intensity and more conducive to promote the chemical constituent harmony and the accumulation of aroma components in the finished cut strips. 3) Both the dual-temperature drying mode at 125 °C/145 °C and the constant temperature drying mode at 135 °C with a lower processing intensity were helpful to demonstrate the "fresh-sweetness scent" sensory quality of the cigarettes, with improving physicochemical properties of dried cut strips and the overall sensory quality of the cigarettes. The constant temperature drying mode at 135 °C was more suitable for the processing and production of demi-slim cigarettes of "Yunyan" brand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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