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The paper analyzed causes of override trip of underground power supply lines based on characteristics of multi levels and short lines of power supply lines of coal mine underground, designed a reverse locking type longitudinal protection device for override trip with 32-bit TMS320F2812 DSP as main processor. The test results showed that the protection device can solve the problem of override trip of underground power supply lines, and improve reliability of underground power system.

Ships are important sources of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in Guangdong Province. The study of historical evolutions, drivers, and projected pathways of CO 2 emissions can provide scientific support for the development of carbon peaking and carbon neutral strategies in Guangdong Province. The emission factor method, log-average index (LMDI) method, and scenario analysis method were adopted to estimate CO 2 emissions, identify the drivers, and explore the mitigation potential from ships in Guangdong Province, separately. The results showed that:① CO 2 emissions from ships in Guangdong Province increased from 3.319 4 million tons to 6.392 9 million tons from 2006 to 2020, with dry bulk carriers and container ships being the main ship types causing the increase in emissions. ② The positive drivers of CO 2 emissions from ships in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2020 were transport intensity (51%) and economic factors (49%), and the negative drivers were energy intensity (93%) and cargo class structure (7%). ③ Carbon peaking would not be reached by 2030 if Guangdong Province maintains the current policy (baseline scenario) for ship transportation. ④ Simultaneous optimization of the energy structure and promotion of the energy intensity (energy-efficient and low-carbon scenario) had a 56.51% potential to reduce CO 2 emissions from ships compared to the baseline scenario. This can provide scientific support for Guangdong Province to develop a carbon peaking and carbon neutral control strategy for the shipping industry.

With the rapid economic and population growth, the Pearl River Delta(PRD) Region is one of the regions in China under the greatest pressure to be carbon neutral. This study analyzed the historical evolution characteristics of the carbon dioxide(CO 2 ) emissions and sinks from 2006-2020 and identified the key drivers of the CO 2 emissions and sinks based on the exponential decomposition method. The results showed that:① from 2006 to 2020, the total carbon emissions in the PRD Region increased from 218.22 million tons to 366.30 million tons, showing a fluctuating and rising evolution characteristic, with an overall increase of 67.86%. The carbon emission had not yet reached a peak. ② From 2006 to 2020, the total carbon sinks in the PRD Region decreased from 15.67 million tons to 15.53 million tons, showing a trend of fluctuation and decline, with an overall decrease of 0.94%. The carbon sinks were far lower than the carbon emissions, and there was still a large gap between carbon neutrality. ③ The main carbon emission sectors in the PRD Region were the energy sector(40.38%) and industrial sector(26.33%), and the carbon sinks mainly came from forestland(67.92%) and farmland(18.09%). ④ During the period from the "11th Five-Year Plan" to the "13th Five-Year Plan," the main positive driving factors for carbon emissions were economic growth and population size, whereas the main negative driving factor was energy intensity(energy use per unit GDP). However, since the "13th Five-Year Plan," the CO 2 emission reduction potential released by reducing energy intensity has been weakening. In the future, the PRD Region needs to address the negative driving potential of the structural adjustment in energy, industry, transportation, and land use. ⑤ During the period from the "11th Five-Year Plan" to the "13th Five-Year Plan," the main positive driving factor for the carbon sink was the green scale, which was conducted by the increase in urban green space during the "11 th Five-Year Plan." The main negative driving factor for the carbon sink was the carbon sink coefficient, which was caused by the natural disaster-induced yield reductions in crops with a high carbon sink coefficient, such as rice. Green space structure adjustment should be emphasized in the future. This study can provide scientific support for developing robust carbon-neutral policies in the PRD Region.

Atmospheric formaldehyde, a key precursor for ozone (O 3 ) and secondary PM 2.5 , is carcinogenic and plays an important role in atmospheric photochemistry and the formation of secondary pollution. However, the lack of understanding of the emission sources of atmospheric formaldehyde limits the study on the formation mechanism of secondary pollution and the formulation of pollution control strategies. This study used the emission factor and source profile methods to establish the emission inventories of formaldehyde in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2020 and identified the main emission sources of formaldehyde and spatial and temporal evolution characteristics. The results showed that the formaldehyde emissions in Guangdong Province fluctuated in the range of 39000-56000 tons during 2006 to 2020, exhibiting a very weak downward trend. Biomass combustion is an important source of formaldehyde emission in Guangdong Province, of which the contribution decreased from 58% in 2006 to 27% in 2020 owing to effective control measures implemented in Guangdong Province. The solvent use source became the predominant emission source of formaldehyde in 2020 by contributing up to 28%, primarily through plastic products and asphalt paving sources. The construction machinery and trucks fueled by diesel were important contributors of formaldehyde emissions from mobile sources. Although the formaldehyde emissions in the Pearl River Delta and the non-Pearl River Delta were equivalent, the spatial distributions showed that formaldehyde emission hotspots were concentrated in the center of the Pearl River Delta and the eastern and western areas of the non-Pearl River Delta. This was primarily because the solvent use and mobile sources were the main sources of formaldehyde emissions in the Pearl River Delta, whereas the biomass combustion source was the dominant source in the non-Pearl River Delta. Therefore, the formaldehyde emission mitigations of the industrial and mobile sources in the central region of the Pearl River Delta and the biomass combustion source in the western area of Guangdong should be further strengthened in the future.

The paper introduces professor LIN Guo - hua 's experience in treatment with acupuncture-moxibustion at "Dayingxiang". Based on the application of Neiyingxiang (internal LI 20), professor LIN defines the entire nasal cavity and its adjacent nasopharynx as "Dayingxiang", of which, "Neiyingxiang" and "Biyandian" (nasopharynx point) are commonly stimulated with acupuncture-moxibustion. "Dayingxiang" may regulate lung qi and promote the circulation of the marrow sea in treatment of the disorders of lung system and the marrow. Fire needling with twirling or burning-scallion technique is predominated in manipulation. "Neiyingxiang" is stimulated for the shallow-located disorders, while, "Biyandian" is for the deep-located ones. These two points are optioned alternatively or in combination to enhance the therapeutic effect.

The petrochemical industry is one of the major emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the current studies have mostly focused on the identification of the chemical characteristics of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) VOCs species from the petroleum refining sub-sector. Research on the characteristics of VOCs components in oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) species and other important sub-sectors is still lacking. Therefore, eight enterprises at a petrochemical industrial park in the Pearl River Delta region were carefully selected to represent three major subsectors, namely petroleum refining, synthetic materials, and organic chemicals, for the petrochemical industry. The VOCs (including 22 OVOCs species) from stack emissions and fugitive emissions, as well as nearby sensitive sites, were sampled, and the source reactivity (SR), the thresholds of malodor, and the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed. The main results were as follows:① the VOCs concentrations of the stack emissions from the petrochemical industrial park were between 0.2-46.3 mg·m -3 . The VOCs species were greatly affected by the type of after-treatment technology. A major VOC species emitted from the combustion-based after treatments was formaldehyde, whereas the species emitted from the non-combustion-based equipment were acetone, 1,3-butadiene, acrylic, and isobutane. ② The fugitive VOCs emissions from the petroleum storage tank area were dominated by alkanes, whereas the other fugitive emission sites and the sensitive sites were dominated by OVOCs such as acetone, formaldehyde, and ethyl acetate. ③ The SRs were mainly contributed by OVOCs, aromatics, and olefins, with average proportions of 43.1%, 24.2%, and 21.1%, respectively, with the major species being formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, m / p -xylene, ethylene, and toluene. ④ The malodor appeared both in fugitive emission areas and the sensitive sites. The main odor components were OVOCs such as n-butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, hexanal, and valeraldehyde. ⑤ The non-carcinogenic risks occurred in the fugitive emission areas and the sensitive sites of resin, alcohol, and aldehyde production, which were mainly caused by OVOCs such as free acetaldehyde, acrolein, and propionaldehyde. No carcinogenic risk was found in any of the sampled sites. This research can provide scientific support for the formulation of priority VOCs species-based precise control strategies in petrochemical industrial parks.

To summarize ZHANG Jia-wei 's experience for treating press ulcer with fire-moxibustion. Through syndrome differentiation and examined factors, ZHANG Jia-wei believes that the disease is caused by qi deficiency and blood stasis, and advocates that the treatment should be weighed against deficiency and excess, and selection by stages. The cotton-moxibustion is used to diffusing and obstruction-removing qi and blood duingⅠstage of press ulcer. The Lingnan fire-needling is adopted for removing dampness, blood stasis and toxic substance to generate new muscles duringⅡand Ⅲ stage of press ulcer. Stage Ⅳof pressure ulcer and deep pressure ulcer should be treated with Taiyi moxa stick and aconite cake-separated moxibustion combined or alternately to expel toxin and grow muscles.

Objective: To analyze preoperative risk factors of perioperative pulmonary hypertension crisis (PHC) for pregnant woman with severe pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), and approach its clinical value., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted. The clinical data from 152 pregnant women with severe PAH underwent cesarean delivery admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 1st 2008 to December 31st 2016 was collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to with perioperative PHC or not. Through the case management system, age, height, weight, gestational age, pregnancy time, type of PAH, emergency or selective surgery, New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function classification, and preoperative ultrasound left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular diastolic final diameter (LVEDD), the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (sPAP) estimated by ultrasonic TI method, radial artery systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) without oxygen, oral sildenafil ingestion, having Swan-Ganz catheter placement or not, and whether used norepinephrine or not, as well as the occurrence of perioperative PHC and clinical outcomes were collected. Possible preoperative risk factors were compared between the two groups by single factor and multiple factors logistic regression analysis. The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to assess the diagnostic value of various risk factors., Results: A total of 152 patients were screened. Ten patients got heart surgery under general anesthesia at the same time, and 4 patients experiencing cesarean section with general anesthesia were excluded. 138 patients were enrolled finally, 27 patients underwent perioperative PHC (19.57%), and 17 patients died with a mortality of 62.96%. Compared with non-PHC group, the patients in PHC group were older (years: 25.07±3.55 vs. 27.64±4.82), had a poor cardiac function (NYHA cardiac function classification: 3.22±0.64 vs. 2.85±0.53), a smaller LVEDD (mm: 38.78±4.76 vs. 43.91±9.67), lower SpO 2 without oxygen (0.83±0.12 vs. 0.92±0.06) and oral sildenafil ingestion rate (29.63% vs. 56.76%), and higher sPAP estimated by ultrasonic TI method [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 113.41±24.73 vs. 99.35±21.10] and DBP (mmHg: 79.63±13.23 vs. 75.23±12.14), more having Swan-Ganz catheter placement (85.19% vs. 57.66%), more Eisenmenger syndrome (70.37% vs. 37.84%), and more emergency operation (48.15% vs. 23.42%, all P ≤ 0.1). The variables with statistically significant differences showed by single factor analysis were collected, and it was shown by multiple factors logistic regression analysis that LVEDD [odds ratio (OR) = 0.878, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.796-0.968, P = 0.009], whether oral taken sildenafil (OR = 0.161, 95%CI = 0.051-0.515, P = 0.002) or not, SpO 2 at room air (OR = 0.882, 95%CI = 0.829-0.938, P = 0.000), Swan-Ganz catheter placement or not (OR = 6.186, 95%CI = 1.533-24.964, P = 0.010) were independent risk factors of perioperative PHC in pregnant women with severe PAH. It was shown by ROC curve analysis that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of four factors mentioned above combined diagnosis for PHC was 0.878 (P = 0.000) with the sensitivity of 88.89% and specificity of 76.58%., Conclusions: PHC is very dangerous for gravida with severe PAH, and the mortality rate is very high. LVEDD, oral sildenafil, SpO 2 at room air, Swan-Ganz catheter placement or not were independent risk factors of perioperative PHC for severe PAH maternal. Four preoperative factors of perioperative PHC joint diagnosis accuracy were higher.

Objective: To explore the effects and possible mechanism of 17β-estradiol on the expression of small conductance Ca(2+) activated K(+) channel 3 (SK3) in rat colonic smooth muscle cells (SMC)., Methods: The SMC isolated from male SD rats by enzymolysis were cultured. And double immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the co-expression of SK3 and α-actin. Colonic SMC were cultured with different concentrations of 17β-estradiol for 24 h or with 50 nmol/L 17β-estradiol at different time points respectively. The expressions of SK3 in colonic SMC were measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR and Western blotting. The effects of estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitor ICI 182780, albumin bovine serum-17β-estradiol (BSA-E2), ERα selective agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) and ERβ selective agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) on SK3 expression were observed., Results: Double immunofluorescence staining showed that SK3 and α-actin co-expressed in cultured colonic SMC. The expression of SK3 of 17β-estradiol at different concentration (10, 50 nmol/L) significantly higher than the control group (protein: 0.217 ± 0.030 and 0.321 ± 0.077 vs 0.103 ± 0.063, mRNA: 1.872 ± 0.606 and 2.967 ± 0.659 vs 0.813 ± 0.202, all P < 0.05). And 50 nmol/L was the most effective in vitro concentration. The peak expression of SK3 appeared at 12 and 24 hour (2.91 and 3.30-fold in protein vs 3.46 and 3.37-fold in mRNA respectively, all P < 0.05). The protein levels of SK3 in ICI 182780 plus 17β-estradiol group was less than 17β-estradiol group (0.111 ± 0.050 vs 0.351 ± 0.084, P < 0.05). But it was not influenced by BSA-E2. The expressions of SK3 in PPT and E2 groups were both higher than control group (0.270 ± 0.071, 0.309 ± 0.052 vs 0.087 ± 0.018, both P < 0.05) . However DPN had no effect on SK3 protein levels., Conclusions: SK3 is localized in rat colonic SMC. And 17β-estradiol increases its expression in an ERα-dependent manner.

Objective: Evaluating the accuracy and safety as well as the equivalence compared with the control kit of RIDA QUICK Norovirus detection kit(R-Biopharm, Germany)., Methods: Based on the results of commercially available IDEA Norovirus detection kit (ELISA), the sensitivity and specificity and accuracy of RIDA QUICK Norovirus detection kit (immunochromatographic assay) were evaluated., Results: The sensitivity and specificity of RIDA QUICK Norovirus detection kit were 98.4% and 92.4%, and the accuracy was 97.6% compared with the control kit., Conclusion: RIDA QUICK Norovirus detection kit has good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of norovirus antigens.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foam and gelatinum sponge (GS) for serious hemoptysis., Method: Of 46 patients with severe hemoptysis, BAE with only GS was performed in 21 cases and with both PVA and GS in 25 cases., Result: The total efficacy rate of BAE was 91.3%; and comparable between PVA+GS and GS groups (92.0%; vs 90.5%;, P>0.05). The total recurrence rate after BAE was 26.2%;, but lower in PVA+GS group than in GS group (11.3%; vs 42.1%;, P<0.05). No serious complications occurred in these patients after BAE., Conclusion: BAE is effective and safe for management of serious hemoptysis, and treatment with PVA+GS may effectively lower the recurrence rate.

Objective: To investigate the common TCM syndrome types of fatty liver by way of epidemic questionnaire, their occurrence ratio, and the correlation between various syndrome types and objective indexes., Methods: A total of national wide 503 subjects with fatty liver were enrolled, the TCM syndromes, body mass index (BMI), abdominal perimeter/hip circumference, liver function, blood lipids, B ultrasonic examination and CT in them were observed and recorded., Results: In the 46 symptoms investigated in total, the first ten symptoms in order of appearing rate were lassitude, obese, oral dryness, vertigo, hypochondriac distending pain, soreness and pain in loin, spiritlessness, oral bitterness, aching and weakness in knee and abdominal distention. The mostly appeared tongue figures were pale and corpulent or pale dim tongue proper, white greasy or yellow greasy tongue coating, and the mostly appeared pulse figures were taut, taut-thin and taut slippery. Statistical cluster analysis showed that syndromes of fatty liver could be typed into 4 TCM types, the asthenia Pi-Shen with Gan-stagnation type, the asthenia Pi-Shen type, the asthenia Pi with phlegm-heat type and the unclassified type. Among them the asthenia Pi-Shen with Gan-stagnation type was the commonest one, which accounted to 62.32%., Conclusion: The mostly appeared syndrome type of fatty liver was asthenia Pi-Shen with Gan-stagnation type. The TCM pathogenesis of fatty liver was deficiency of origin, mainly deficiency of Shen, involving Pi, with excess superficiality, the turbid-phlegm and blood stasis.