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Background The prevalence of allergic diseases is rapidly increasing among the global population, affecting 10%-40% of people worldwide. Allergic diseases often begin in childhood. So far, data for analyzing the trends in the incidence of pediatric allergic diseases in China over the past decade are scant. This study aims to provide an epidemiological support for the prevention and management of pediatric allergic diseases in China by mining electronic medical record data from a single-center institution. Objective To analyze the annual proportion and trend of outpatient visits for allergic diseases among children aged 0-18 years in the Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2014 to 2021. Methods A retrospective analysis of outpatient electronic medical records from the hospital information system of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2014 to 2021 was conducted to examine the annual proportional composition and changes in the trend changes of allergic diseases. The gender- and age-based proportions of different allergic diseases including eczema, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, allergic cough, allergic conjunctivitis, food allergies, drug allergies, pollen allergy, and anaphylaxis were calculated. The trend of changes in the proportion of allergic diseases with stable annual composition ranking in the top 10 was further analyzed. Results From 2014 to 2021, there were a total of 1 231 890 outpatient visits for pediatric allergic diseases in our center. After excluding missing data, a total of 1 231 863 eligible cases were included, involving 727 082 (59.0%) boys and 504 781 (41.0%) girls. The majority of children visited for allergic diseases were under the age of 3 years (46.9%). Non-IgE mediated allergic diseases, such as henoch-schoenlein purpura, bronchitis, and respiratory tract infections were excluded, and the remaining 1 208 265 cases included in the disease spectrum analysis. From 2016 to 2021, the proportion of outpatient visits for pediatric allergic diseases in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University showed an upward trend. From 2014 to 2017, the top 5 allergic diseases visited in the outpatient department were eczema, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and allergic cough. From 2018 to 2021, allergic rhinitis, eczema, urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis, and bronchial asthma ranked the top 5. The trend analysis for an annual proportion of pediatric allergic diseases showed that the ratios of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergies among all allergic diseases from 2014 to 2021 showed an increasing trend, with peak ratios of 45.4%, 11.1% and 2.8%, respectively. The ratios of urticaria, eczema, and bronchial asthma showed a decreasing trend, with peak ratios of 46.5%, 24.9% and 11.3%, respectively. Conclusion From 2016 to 2021, the proportion of outpatient visits for pediatric allergic diseases in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University showed an upward trend. Between 2014 and 2021, the annual proportions of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergies exhibited an increasing trend, while the annual proportions of eczema, urticaria, and bronchial asthma demonstrated a decreasing trend.

Compared with traditional mariculture methods such as pond culture and common cage culture, the water quality and environment quality of far-reaching sea cage culture area are better, and the plankton density is higher, which can achieve the environment of imitation wild culture. The survival rate of farmed seafood is higher, and the taste and quality of seafood are improved. The development of far-reaching marine equipment aquaculture can effectively expand aquaculture space, improve the quality of aquatic products, and improve the ecological environment. It has become a concrete measure to promote the high-quality development of marine economy in Fujian Province, and is of great significance to further accelerate the green development of marine aquaculture in Fujian Province, promote the innovative development of marine science and technology, and cultivate new drivers of marine industry.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) in re-operation for anastomosis recurrence rectal cancer. Methods Five patients with anastomosis recurrence rectal cancer underwent TaTME at Ruijin Hospital between April 2020 and December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The peri-operative situation, pathological examination, and short-term follow-up results were analyzed. Results All cases were operated laparoscopic TaTME successfully. The operative time was (206.00±19.49) min without intraoperative complications. One case encountered incorrect dissection plane. Anastomotic leakage occurred in one case and anastomotic stenosis developed in another case. The specimens quality of mesorectum deemed complete in all cases without both positive circumferential resection margin and positive distal resection margin. There was (15.20±2.39) months of median follow-up and one case found defecation disorder. Tumor recurrence, metastasis and tumor-related death were not found. Conclusions For patients with anastomosis recurrence rectal cancer, laparoscopic TaTME procedure is novel type and would be safe and effective surgical approach with satisfactory short-term follow-up.

The oil film temperature of the spherical hybrid sliding bearings would increase due to the friction and shear of the lubricating oil at high speed or super high speed, which leads to the thermal deformation of bearing and rotor. As a result, the deformation seriously affects the rotation accuracy of the spindle, because it is in the same order of magnitude as the oil film thickness. Therefore, the fluid lubrication mathematical model is established by taking the spherical hybrid sliding bearings with orifice throttling mode as the research object, and the Reynolds equation and energy equation of lubricating oil film are derived. The pressure distribution and temperature distribution of oil film of the spherical hybrid sliding bearings are calculated by combining the finite difference method and relaxation iteration method. The influence of working parameters on bearing capacity and oil film temperature rise was investigated. The results show that the oil film shear effect is stronger and the temperature rise increases with the increase of rotating speed and the decrease of oil film thickness. When the speed is 3 000 r/min and the oil film thickness is 28 μm, the maximum temperature rise of the bearing is 18.65 K higher than that of 1 000 r/min. When the speed is 3 000 r/min and the oil film thickness is 20 μm, the maximum temperature rise of the bearing is 27.685 K higher than that of the oil film thickness of 28 μm.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME) for middle and low rectal cancer. Methods This study searched the clinical studies systematically comparing the short-term efficacy of TaTME and LaTME published in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, China Biology Medicine disc and Wanfang medical database. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis were conducted to base on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Evaluation and Meta-Analysis. Fixed-effects model or random-effects model was used for evaluation of data. Parameters of outcome evaluation included operation time, intraoperative blood loss, tumor size, conversion rate, length of hospital stay, number of lymph node dissection, distance of rectal lesion from anal verge, positive rate of distal resection margin(DRM), positive rate of circumferential resection margin(CRM), and postoperative complications. Results Nine studies with 1 of randomized controlled trial and 8 of prospective study were included to compare the outcomes of 451 TaTME and 438 LaTME in middle and low rectal cancer. TaTME had a significantly lower rate of conversion to open surgery (RR=0.13, P=0.002) and a lower DRM positive rate(RR=0.17, P

To further understand the film - forming properties of SEBS (styrene - ethylene - butylene - styrene) resins commonly used in solvent - based strippable coatings, the effects of paint film thickness, plasticizer usage and resin weight average molecular weight on the film - forming properties of SEBS resins were investigated respectively according to relevant national standards. Results showed that the cracking problem arose during the film formation of SEBS resins was caused by the internal stress resulting from the shrinkage of the paint film. Hence, a SEBS resin with a weight average molecular weight less than 140 000 shall be selected as far as possible when preparing a coating with SEBS resin.

Video object tracking is an important research content in the field of computer vision, mainly studying the tracking of objects with interest in video streams or image sequences. Video object tracking has been widely used in cameras and surveillance, driverless, precision guidance and other fields. Therefore, a comprehensive review on video object tracking algorithms is of great significance. Firstly, according to different sources of challenges, the challenges faced by video object tracking are classified into two aspects, the objects’ factors and the backgrounds’ factors, and summed up respectively. Secondly, the typical video object tracking algorithms in recent years are classified into correlation filtering video object tracking algorithms and deep learning video object tracking algorithms. And further the correlation filtering video object tracking algorithms are classified into three categories: kernel correlation filtering algorithms, scale adaptive correlation filtering algorithms and multi-feature fusion corre-lation filtering algorithms. The deep learning video object tracking algorithms are classified into two categories: video object tracking algorithms based on siamese network and based on convolutional neural network. This paper analyzes various algorithms from the aspects of research motivation, algorithm ideas, advantages and disadvantages. Then, the widely used datasets and evaluation indicators are introduced. Finally, this paper sums up the research and looks forward to the development trends of video object tracking in the future.

Private set intersection (PSI) is a secure multi-party computation technique that allows several parties,who each hold a set of private items,to compute the intersection of those private sets without revealing additional information.PSI has been widely used in the field of artificial intelligence security and data mining security.With the advent of the multi-source data sharing era,most PSI protocols mainly solve the problem of two-party privacy set intersection,which can not be directly extended to multi-party privacy intersection computing scenarios.This paper designs a multi-party privacy intersection protocol with the help of cloud servers,which can outsource a part of the computation and communication to untrusted cloud server without disclosing any privacy data.This paper makes the protocol more efficient by using the methods of oblivious pseudo-random functions,secret sharing and key-value pair packing.It proves that the PSI protocol can be secure in the semi-honest model and all participants and cloud servers can not obtain the additional data.Compared with the existing scheme,the proposed protocol has the merit of less restricted and more applicable in application scenarios.

In traditional blockchain transactions,privacy protection is to encrypt users' sensitive information under the anonymity mechanism,and a trusted third party is involved to verify the transaction plaintext information.However,once the third party is attacked,the users' transaction information will be divulged.Furthermore,there is no truly trusted third party in a rational state.To better solve the privacy problems in blockchain transactions,and in view of issues of confidentiality verification of the tra-ders' transaction amount under the non-anonymous state,the PVC digital commitment protocol is adopted to hide the transaction amount in the commitment,and a publicly verifiable zero-knowledge proof scheme is established,so that verifiers are able to confidentially verify the legitimacy of the transaction without obtaining sensitive information from the traders.At the same time,the elliptic curve homomorphic encryption feature is used to encrypt the amount,thereby solving the problem of updating the traders' ciphertext ledger.The correctness of the proposed privacy protection scheme is verified and analyzed,and the results shows that compared with the existing schemes,the proposed scheme has the advantages of relatively low computational complexity,strong security and high efficiency.

Most coal mines in Ordos Basin are mainly Jurassic coal seams. The mining conditions are characterized by large mining height and depth. The roof aquifer is numerous and poses a serious threat to mine safety. It is particularly important to study the height of the water-conducting fracture zone of the roof over Jurassic coal seam. Taking a mine in Ordos Basin as an example, through theoretical calculation, numerical simulation, and similar analogy methods, the development height and fracture-mining ratio of the water conducting fracture zone on the roof of the goaf are predicted and analyzed. The results show that the fracture-mining ratio is 22.07 and the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone is about 154.48 m. The fitting formula obtained by analogy predicts that the height of the water-conducting fracture zone of the mine is close to the theoretical calculation value.

The existing coal stacking identification method of belt conveyor has problems of false trigger alarm and high cost. In order to solve the above problems, a coal stacking identification method of belt conveyor is proposed. The method uses infrared structured light technology to quickly reconstruct the coal flow surface of belt conveyor.Firstly, the depth map of the coal stacking is obtained by using infrared structured light technology. Secondly, the depth map is mapped to a point cloud map, and the point cloud data is used to construct a convex quadrilateral network. And the convex quadrilateral network is triangulated by the approximate Delaunay subdivision method to complete the reconstruction of the coal stacking surface.Finally, according to the distance from the triangle vertex to the camera and the proportion of the triangle area whose vertex distance is less than the threshold to the total area, it is determined whether there is a coal stacking accident.The approximate Delaunay subdivision method replaces the insertion sorting process with the traversal process. There is a small probability of not satisfying the Delaunay property, but the algorithm complexity is low. Therefore it can improve the real-time performance of coal stacking identification.The experimental results show that the infrared structured light technology improves the algorithm's robustness to illumination effectively. The success rate of the approximate Delaunay subdivision method is 99.466 1%, and the surface reconstruction time of the approximate Delaunay subdivision method and the classic Delaunay subdivision method under the same conditions is 1.28 ms and 134.93 ms respectively. The approximate Delaunay subdivision method improves the calculation speed greatly when the accuracy meets the application requirements. By setting an appropriate threshold, the number of missed detection and the number of false detection are both 0. The statistics of the processing time of a large number of images show that the processing time of each frame is less than 20 ms, which meets the real-time requirements.

Objective To explore the prevalence, influencing factors, and clinical and imaging features of cervicocerebral artery dissection (CAD) in young patients with ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 242 young patients with first ever ischemic stroke were included in this study from October 2016 to September 2020. Thirty⁃two patients with CAD were included in the CAD group, and 210 patients without CAD were included as controls. We collected the clinical and imaging data of all the patients. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the influencing factors of young ischemic stroke patients caused by CAD. And we analyzed imaging characteristics of CAD in different locations. Results Among the 242 young patients with ischemic stroke, 32 (13.22%) patients were due to CAD. Compared with the control group, the CAD group had younger onset age (t=⁃3.480, P=0.001), more inducible events (infection and neck movement) before the onset of cerebral infarction (t=8.796, P=0.003), and higher incidence of headache or neck pain (t=17.466, P=0.000) and posterior circulation infarction (t=22.705, P=0.000). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR=0.920, 95%CI:0.853-0.992; P=0.030), the infarction located in the anterior circulation (OR=0.145, 95%CI:0.059-0.356;P=0.000) were protective factors for ischemic stroke due to CAD, while head and neck pain (OR=5.428, 95%CI:1.653-17.824; P=0.005) was risk factor for ischemic stroke due to CAD. The artery dissection lesions were located in anterior circulation in 11 (34.37%) patients with CAD, including 9 cases of extracranial carotid artery, one case of anterior cerebral artery, and one case of middle cerebral artery, while 21 (65.63%) patients' artery dissection lesions were located in the posterior circulation, including 10 cases of extracranial vertebral artery dissection (2 patients with bilateral lesions), 6 cases of intracranial segment, 4 cases with both intracranial and extracranial segment involvement, and one case with posterior inferior cerebellar artery dissection. After discharge, the follow⁃up imaging examination of 9 CAD patients showed that 6 patients had varying degrees of recovery of the arterial lumen and the rest 3 patients had no change. Conclusions CAD is a common cause of cerebral infarction in young people, and younger age, posterior circulation infarction and head and neck pain are risk factors for CAD. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.04.011

Immunotherapy drugs are a class of medications that treat diseases by modulating the function of immune system. As frontline therapies in clinical practice, they play a particularly crucial role in alleviating disease symptoms and improving adverse prognoses caused by severe inflammation. In recent years, with the rapid development of internet technology and the continuous innovation in the technology industry, various national directives have been issued, urging schools to strengthen online teaching and promote the development of "Internet+education". Online teaching, unaffected by time or geographical constraints, has facilitated resource sharing and stimulated student interest. However, in practice, both singular online or offline teaching models have their drawbacks. This article takes the severe inflammation immunotherapy drugs as an example, integrating the concept of intersubjectivity in teaching to explore a "two-line" teaching mode in immunotherapy drugs. This study views students as the main body of learning, emphasizes the importance of individual learning, and solves the drawbacks of "one-line" teaching mode. Exploration and application of intersubjective "two-line" teaching mode has guiding significance for educational reform in the internet era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore how to correctly interpret the results of CMIA screening for anti-treponema pallidum specific antibody(S/CO ＞ 1) in children. Methods From July 2018 to June 2019, 23 038 patients had been screened for anti-TP antibody by CMIA, the positive results(S/CO ＞ 1) were re-examined by Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay(TPPA), TP nonspecific antibody was checked by tolulized red unheated serum test(TRUST) and TP specific IgG and IgM antibody were confirmed by Western blot. Results Totally 23 038 patients were screened for anti-TP antibody by CMIA, among them 141 were positive(S/CO＞1) with and the positive rate as 0.61%(141/23 038). The re-test results of 141 children(S/CO＞1) were as follows: the number of positive cases of TRUST, TPPA, IgG and IgM were 2(1.42%, 2/141), 7(4.96%, 7/141), 13(9.22%, 13/141) and 6(4.25%, 6/141), respectively. In addition, 11 cases with S/CO＞10, including the number of positive cases of TRUST, TPPA, IgG and IgM were 2(18.18%, 2/11),7(63.64%,7/11), 10(90.91%, 10/11) and 3(27.27%, 3/11) , respectively, 10(90.91%, 10/11) cases of parents had syphilis history and 9(81.82%, 9/11) cases were younger than 6 months. Conclusions Screening the children with Treponema pallidum by CMIA, when the S/CO＜10, the false-positive rate was high when the S/CO＜10, which must be excluded by confirmatory methods. The correct interpretation of syphilis test results should combine with the age of the child and the history of syphilis of his or her parents.

Soil sealing treatment is an effective chemical weed control method in rapeseed field. To evaluate the effects of different soil-applied herbicides on soil microorganisms in rapeseed field, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the changes in soil microbial structure and diversity after treatment with four commonly used soil-applied herbicides alachlor, acetochlor, metochlor and s-metolachlor. The results showed that soil-applied herbicide treatments could significantly reduce soil bacterial diversity in rapeseed fields, and alachlor had the greatest effect on soil bacterial diversity. However, after a period of herbicide treatment, the diversity and richness of the soil bacterial community gradually recovered. Soil-applied herbicide treatment had great influence on Actinomycetes, Acidobacteria and others in rapeseed soil, and alachlor treatment showed the greatest change in soil bacteria at phylum level compared with other herbicides. After 60 days of treatment with soil-applied herbicides, the abundances of functional bacteria related to pollutant degradation, denitrification, photosynthesis, pathogen growth inhibition and rhizosphere growth promotion were increased, whereas functional bacteria associated with the absorption of nutrients and excretion of metabolites were reduced. Overall, the results indicated that the soil-applied herbicides had a certain effect on soil microbial diversity and community structure in rapeseed field, but the effect of herbicides on soil microbial diversity gradually decreased along with the time of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the differences in epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with spotted fever (SF) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Methods A total of 86 patients with SF and 113 patients with SFTS who were laboratory-confirmed in the second-level and above hospitals in Lu'an City from January 2017 to January 2022 were selected. The basic data, epidemiological history, clinical data and laboratory test results of the two diseases were retrospectively analyzed for comparison. Results The proportion of male in SF group was 32.56% (28/86), and the proportion of male in SFTS group was 53.98% (61/113), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=9.067, P<0.01). The proportions of abdominal pain and diarrhea in the SF group were (3.49%, 3/83) and (21.24%, 24/113), which were significantly lower than corresponding (6.98%, 6/86) and (46.90%, 53/113) in the SFTS group (χ2=13.121, 37.322, P<0.01). The incidences of rash and eschar in SF group were 95.35% (82/86) and 20.93% (18/86), which were significantly higher than corresponding 1.77% (2/113) and 0.88% (1/113) in SFTS group (χ2=175.311, 22.721, P<0.01). The levels of leukocytes, platelets and Creactive protein in the SF group were significantly higher than those in the SFTS group, and the levels of transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and D-dimer were significantly lower than those in the SFTS group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions The rash and inflammatory reaction are more obvious in SF patients, while the liver function, myocardial function and coagulation function are significantly impaired in SFTS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the selection of algorithms that meet application requirements from feasible algorithms has become a critical problem to be solved urgently in various fields, that is, the algorithm selection problem. The approach based on meta-learning is an important way to solve the algorithm selection problem, which is widely applied in algorithm selection research and achieves good results. The approach selects appropriate algorithms by constructing the mapping model from problem features to candidate algorithms performance, mainly including the steps of extracting meta-features, calculating candidate algorithms performance, constructing meta-dataset and training meta-model, etc. Firstly, this paper expounds the concept and framework of algorithm selection based on meta-learning, and reviews related surveys. Secondly, it summarizes the research progress from three aspects: meta-features, meta-learners and meta-model performance measures, introduces typical methods and compares the advantages, disadvantages and application scope of different types of methods. Then, it outlines the application of algorithm selection based on meta-learning in different learning tasks. Next, it utilizes 140 classification datasets, 9 candidate classification algorithms and 5 performance indicators to conduct algorithm selection experiments to compare the performance of different algorithm selection methods. Finally, it analyzes the current challenges and problems, and discusses future development directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem that rescue communication system, which is laid casually in process of emergency rescue for mine accident, has no function of real-time communication among satellite, ground and underground and remote command center cannot directly get information of disaster situation, a mine communication device for emergency rescue commanding which combined with underground wired audio and video communication system and ground satellite video communication system was proposed and realization scheme of audio and video transmission by satellite of the device was mainly introduced. The prototype test result showed the device has stable networking, long communication distance and strong anti-disaster ability, which solves the problem of real-time communication among satellite, ground and underground in emergency rescue commanding.

According to the shortcoming of short working time of battery-powered network video server in mine-used rescue command device, MSP430 with low-power consumption was used to realize a dormancy and wake-up device. The device can prolong service time of the battery of network video server and make multi-rescue and continual operation possible.

To explore the dynamics and distribution of soil seed banks under different vegetation types in desert, and reveal the community succession tendency and diversity characteristics of different vegetative types, we took Populus euphratica community, Caragana intermedia community, Leymus secalinus community and Agriophyllum squarrosum community as the research objects in the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert. Samples of 0-2 cm, 2-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-20 cm soil layers were collected. We examined the characteristics of soil seed banks and their relationships with vegetation. The results showed that there were 13 plant species in the soil seed banks of the four vegetation types, belonging to 3 families and 12 genera, with the annual and biennial herbs dominated and much Chenopodiaceae species. The soil seed bank density was generally low, with an order of C. intermedia community > L. secalinus community > P. euphratica community > A. squarrosum community. The seed bank density and species richness decreased with increasing soil depth. Based on the Shannon index, Simpson index, Pielou index and Patrick richness analysis, the order of species diversity in soil seed banks was P. euphratica community > L. secalinus community > C. intermedia community > A. squarrosum community. The similarity coefficient between soil seed bank and vegetation was the highest in C. intermedia community, followed by P. euphratica community, and the lowest in P. euphratica community and L. secalinus community. On the whole, the arbor forest P. euphratica community was the most stable one, while the sandy land A. squarrosum community was the most vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the mordant dyeing principle of plant extract, the plant tannin were extracted, and the wool fibers were dyed with concentrated solution containing tannin, then the dyeing effect was examined. By comparing the effects of purified water and ethanol on the extraction rate of tannin, ethanol was selected as the extraction agent, tannin from walnut distractor was extracted by ultrasonic assisted. The extraction conditions were optimized by single factor and orthogonal test. The results show that the optimum extraction process parameters of tannin are ultrasonic power of 200 W, ethanol volume fraction of 50%, solid-liquid ratio of 1 :80, extraction temperature of 55 °C and extraction time of 40 min. the optimum extraction rate is 6.73%. Moreover, the wool fibers were dyed in concentrated extract with ferrous sulfate as mordant by one bath mordant dyeing. Through single factor test, it is concluded that the optimal dyeing process of wool is as follows: dyeing temperature 80 °C, dyeing time 40 min, solid-liquid ratio of 1 :100, pH value 6 and ferrous sulfate dosage 3 g/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the modern times, the discourse of "writings are for conveying truth," notwithstanding its profound influence on the history of Chinese literature, has been widely criticized. Xu Fuguan reflected on this issue from the cultural standpoint of a Neo-Confucian scholar and explored the modern value of this proposition. Based on the theory of "nature of mind," he potentially transformed the doctrine of "writings are for conveying truth" into that of "writings are for conveying the mind," which established connections between the ancient and the modern as well as between Chinese and Western scholarship. "Seeking change through the universal" became his fundamental attitude towards and interpretation of "writings are for conveying truth." On the one hand, Xu delineated the historical image of "writings are for conveying truth." On the other, he conversed with such ideas as "art for life's sake" and "art for art's sake." In other words, Xu Fuguan engaged with the two dominant concepts of modern literature through the lens of traditional thoughts. He enabled the proposition of "writings are for conveying truth" to be involved in the modern literary criticism, which remains significant for us today as we learn from the classical resources of Chinese literary theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ink stone deposit in Longtan area of Shexian County, Anhui Province occurred in the black slate of the Daguyun Formation, dominated by silty sericite slate and silt-bearing sericite slate. Based on systematic petrological and mineralogical identification, scanning electron microscope observation, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were undertaken for the two types of ink stone slate. The results show that the mineral compositions of the rocks are quartz and feldspar, and the microstructure is microphyllum structure. The main mineral facies of the slates are quartz, chlorite and muscovite. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates widespread occurrence of chlorite and muscovite in ink stone, which results in a higher density of the slate in the area. The existence of these minerals makes the ink stone both water-repellent and abrasive, which are the important properties for that Shexian slate can be made into high quality inkstone. Through high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) identification, these metallic particles mainly contain pyrite, chalcopyrite, ilmenite, etc., which are the origins of "Venus", the most beautiful view of the ink stone. Compared with silty sericite slate, silt-bearing sericite slate has higher mica content, finer stone texture and better quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3-PPR parallel servo platform was driven by three servo motors to achieve precise adjustments of plane poses. Aiming at the problems that the trajectory accuracy decreased due to the non-coordination of each axis motions, based on the kinematics analysis and dynamics model of the platforms, a concept of virtual motor was introduced herein. The nonlinear synchronization errors of the platforms were defined, and a nonlinear synchronization robust controller was designed, which made tracking errors and synchronization errors of three axes converge gradually. Results of simulations and experiments show that the control strategy may improve the nonlinear synchronization performance of three axes, effectively improve the system synergy, and the position tracking errors of the platform are less than 0.1mm, which satisfies the requirements of 3-PPR parallel servo platforms in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the specific distribution characteristics of terrain factors in purple soil region, based on ASTER GDEM (30 m resolution ratio), this paper extracted and analyzed the distribution characteristics of terrain factors, including slope gradient, slope length, slope and length factor (LS factor) and gully density, etc. terrain factors by spatial analysis tools of ArcGIS. The results showed that the proportion of steep slope (>15°) was 58% in the whole region, that in Qinba mountain region was the largest, reaching 80%, that in the regions with slope length within the scope of 0~40 cm took 60%, mainly concentrated in Sichuan and Chongqing mountain hilly regions. The proportion with LS factor value >15 was 55%, mainly distributed in Qinba mountain region and Wuling mountain and hilly regions, with the same slope distribution. The gully density of purple soil region was 0.69 km/ km², that in Sichuan and Chongqing mountain and hilly regions were the least, only 0.57 km/ km², being inferior to 17.39% of the average scale gully density value. The results provided scientific basis for soil erosion assessment, soil erosion prediction, and ecological repair and reconstruction in the purple soil regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel flame retardant, poly (2-10-hydrogen-9-oxa-phosphaphenanthrene hydroquinone phenyl phosphate) (POPP), was incorporated to PC/ABS to improve the flame retardancy of PC/ABS. Flame retardant properties of PC/ABS were investigated by limited oxygen index test, vertical combustion test, thermal gravimetric analysis test, cone calorimetric test and scanning electron microscopy test. The results showed that the addition of 15% POPP to PC/ABS could achieve UL-94 V-0 grade with LOI value of 21.1%. The cone test showed that peak of heat release rate and total heat release decreased by 41.7% and 31.1 %, respectively. TGA and SEM analysis demonstrated that the modified PC/ABS alloy exhibited better char forming effect, which promoted the formation of dense porous carbon layer on the surface after combustion, and effectively insulated the oxygen to improve the flame retardant properties of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's livestock and poultry productions have changed significantly in the last three decades, from mainly traditional and small-scale systems in early 1980s towards more intensive and industrialized ones in recent years, due to the booming economy and the changes in people' diet. There is an urgent need to increase the understanding of the changes in the livestock and poultry productions and the impact of manure recycle on the environment. Here, we reported on a systematic and quantitative analysis on the temporal and spatial variability of livestock and poultry productions and manure nutrients in Shanxi Province, China, using a large database and a coupled food chain nutrient flow model (NUFER) with GIS. In the period of 1978 to 2012, total animal manure production increased from 1.61×107 t to 2.75×107 t by 171%. The manure N increased from 7.74×104 t to 17.32×104 t, and the manure P from 1.09×104 t to 3.39×104 t. Besides the huge increase in total animal manure production, the distribution of animal manure was much uneven among regions, with high amounts of manure N and P per unit land in the north, middle and southeastern regions and low values in the north-central and southwestern regions, based on the results of 2012. The uneven distribution of manure was the combined effect of regional specializations in livestock and poultry productions and related policies. Our findings suggested that optimizing the structure of livestock and poultry productions and enhancing interregional collaborations on nutrient management could be two effective measures for reducing pollution and environmental risks, while achieving efficient and sustainable use of manure nutrient in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on field investigation, the processes of earth road regolith erosion were studied under indoor simulated rainfall. Results showed that the runoff initiation time for both regolith and earth road surface erosion decreased with the increasing rainfall intensity and slope steepness. With the increase in regolith thickness, the initiation time for earth road surface erosion lagged for 2-5 min. When the regolith thickness was ≥0.5 cm, the runoff rate turned to be stable at 2 min after runoff generation, and the average runoff rate increased with the increasing rainfall intensity and decreased with the increasing slope steepness. When the regolith thickness was ≤ 5 1.0 cm, runoff rate turned to be stable at 3 min after runoff generation, and the average runoff rate increased linearly with the rainfall intensity but exhibited a gradually decreasing trend after the first increment with the increasing slope steepness. The critical point for regolith erosion decreased with the increasing rainfall intensity and slope steepness. With the regolith thickness of ≥ 0.5 cm, the erosion rate increased with the increasing rainfall intensity, with the erosion rate ranging from 24.5% to 434.4%, and the erosion rates for 8° and 16° slopes were 2.4 times as those for 2° and 4° slopes. With the regolith thickness of ≥5 1.0 cm, the erosion rate turned to be stable about 9 min after runoff generation and increased with the increasing rainfall intensity and slope. With the increasing slope steepness, the erosion form changed from sheet erosion to rill erosion and then to headward erosion. The average erosion amount over 10 min single rainfall for the regolith thickness of =5 1.0 cm was 1.3 times as that for the regolith thickness of ≥0.5 cm, while it was 2.7 times as that at the stage of regolith erosion alone. With the regolith thickness of ≥0.5 cm, the erosion amount had a significant correlation with rainfall intensity, and runoff volume with slope steepness. With the regolith thickness of =5 1.0 cm, both runoff and sediment yields in 10 min single rainfall had a significant correlation with rainfall intensity. The proportion of regolith erosion to the combined erosion increased with the increasing regolith thickness, while the road erosion was the main form at small regolith thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is valuable for soil and water loss control and its benefits evaluation to understand the relationship between rainfall and soil erosion process. In order to make clear what rainfall type accelerates soil erosion on slopes of red soil in south part of China, and to ascertain the response of soil erosion intensity to rainfall characteristic under various rainfall types, data of meteorology and hydrology of 134 individual rainfalls in experimental plots on bare slopes of red soil in north part of Jiangxi Province were collected and analyzed. The amount, duration and intensity of rainfall were selected as the characteristic indices for erosive rainfall. Two methods including quick clustering and discriminant clustering were introduced to classify the rainfall types resulting in soil erosion. Pearson correlation analysis was then used to find the main indices that contributed the most to the slope soil erosion. Further, Mann-Kendall test and the other statistics method were used to determine the relationship between soil erosion intensity and the rainfall characteristic indices under different rainfall types. The results showed that the erosive rainfall in north part of Jiangxi Province could be classified into three types: type A (high frequency, short duration, minor amount of rainfall, and strong rainfall intensity), type B (medium frequency, medium duration, medium amount of rainfall, and medium rainfall intensity) and type C (low frequency, long duration, great amount of rainfall, and low rainfall intensity). Soil erosion on bare slopes of red soil in south part of China was mainly caused by type A. During the process of individual rainfall, soil erosion on bare slopes of red soil was mainly affected by the joint influences of rainfall intensity and amount, the former resulted in erosion change directly through the closest index - maximum 30 min rainfall intensity, the latter had indirectly effects by changing the former. With the increase of maximum 30 min rainfall intensity, soil erosion occurred remarkably different properties at rainfall intensity of 15 mm/h. The soil erosion increased relatively slowly before that critical point but increased rapidly after the point. Generally, soil erosion intensity increased with the amount of rainfall, whereas the erosion ability of different rainfall types varied, which followed the pattern: type A > type B > type C. Excluding the influence of rainfall happened in earlier time, the erosion intensity on bare slopes of red soil had a significant power function relationship with both the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity and the rainfall amount, however, the exponents and coefficients were different when different rainfall types occurred. It has been proven that this model is not only best for intensive rainfall with short duration, but also runs very well while applying to erosion prediction for all three rainfall types - the values of multiple correlation coefficient and the Nash-Suttclife efficiency coefficient were both above 0.9, and the average relative error was less than 25%. In conclusion, this study is very helpful both in exploring further red soil erosion laws and in process-based prediction model establishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The genetic diversity, genetic relationship and classification characteristics of agronomic traits in different yam germplasm resources collected from different regions of China were analyzed in order to provide references for variety breeding and production utilization of yam. [Method]The 19 agronomic traits of 44 collected yam germplasm resources were investigated to conduct genetic diversity analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis for exploring their genetic diversity, genetic relationship and classification characteristics. [ Result ] The results showed that different morphological traits of 44 collected yam germplasm resources presented higher diversity. Amongst 12 qualitative traits, the genetic diversity index of leaf shape was the highest(1.53), followed by tuber skin color(1.51). The frequency distribution of tuber shape was the highest (93.18%), followed by tuber flesh color (90.91%) and stem shape (81.82%). Amongst 7 quantitative traits, the genetic diversity index of tuber length was the highest (1.89), followed by growth duration(1.84) and tuber diameter(1.77). Among different traits, the variation coefficient of yield per plant was the highest(79.25%), followed by tuber diameter(42.21%) and tubers per plant(35.62%), the lowest was found to be growth period (17.57%). According to genetic differences of different agronomic traits, 44 yam germplasm resources could be clustered into 4 groups. All the materials of the first and second groups were derived from Guangxi, and could be used as processing parent materials with potential of increasing yield, and high-yield variety breeding parents, respectively. The third group materials were mainly derived from southern China, which was artificial cultivation wild species and could be used as general parent. And the fourth group materials were derived from north provinces of China and could be used as common early-maturing variety breeding parents. The principal component analysis results indicated that the contribution rate of the first 6 principal components accounted for 83.73%. The first principal component reflected comprehensive factors of high-yield plant type, the second one reflected processing plant type factors, and the third one reflected plant tuberization factors. The fourth, fifth and sixth principal components reflected tuber factor, tuber skin and stem skin color, respectively. [ Conclusion ] The agronomic traits amongst landraces of yam cultivars germplasm resources in China presented significant differences and abundant genetic diversity, and their genetic relationship showed certain regional ecotope law. The first two principal components should be paid more attention to select in variety breeding in southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective ]A new type of culture medium was screened to provide scientific references for shrimp and crab rearing with fertilizers in the pond. [ Method ] Three kinds of culture medium (benthic bait biological culture medium, chicken manure culture medium, chicken manure with pig manure mixed culture medium) were used in different ponds and there were two parallel groups of each medium. The biomass of phytoplankton was counted with perioptometry, and other water-quality indexes were also detected, such as pH, DO, NH3-N, NO2-N and H2S. [ Result ]The results showed that in ponds with benthic bait biological culture medium, the species of cyanophyta and euglenophyta decreased significantly, meanwhile, the species of bacillariophyta increased and dominated (P<0.01). Margalef diversity index and Shannon-Weaver diversity index were also higher than those of two kinds of culture medium. The biomass of phytoplankton showed that in ponds with benthic bait biological culture medium, the biomass and proportion of bacillariophyta were 51.01 mg/L and 44.4%, respectively. The biomass of cyanophyta and euglenophyta was smaller than the other two kinds of culture medium. In terms of chemical indexes, compared with other two kinds of culture medium, benthic bait biological culture medium balanced water pH value and effectively reduced the content of NH3-N, NO2-N and H2S. [ Conclusion ]Benthic bait biological culture medium can inhibit the cyanophyta reproduction, promote the growth of beneficial algae and improve the water quality, so it can be recommended for commercial aquaculture production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the "three-zone" theory of relieved methane delivery the existing scope of old goaf methane was obtained. The height of methane conductive zone and the methane pressure relief zone were given by considering key strata structure. According to the sources of old goaf methane, reservation calculation model of methane in old goaf was built. The height of methane conductive fracture zone and methane pressure relief zone were calculated based on geological condition of K8108 working face. The results illustrate that the height of methane conductive zone and methane pressure relief zone of K8108 workface are 115.3 m and 157.7 m respectively. Methane reservation in old goaf of K8108 working face is predicted by reservation calculation model. And finally, the predicted methane reservation is 30.78 million m³ which is validated by material balance method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the investigation data of the vegetations in Hegou valley in Wuqi County of Shaanxi Province, this paper studied the vegetation characteristics on the five typical micro-topography categories including shallow gully, gully, collapse, platform, and scarp in the loess area of north Shaanxi, with the undisturbed slope as the control. There existed distinct differences in the species composition, quantitative characteristics, and species diversity of plant communities on the five typical micro-topography categories and the undisturbed slope. After twelve years of enclosure recovery, the study area formed herbaceous plant community, with Artemisia sacrorum and Artemisia giraldii as the dominant species. Among the main companion species, shrubs such as Prinsepia uniflora and Caragana korshinskii were found in scarp and gully, and hygrophyte Phragmites australis appeared in platform. The coverage, height, and biomass of the plant communities on most of the micro-topography categories, especially on the gully and collapse, were larger than those on the undisturbed slope. The Shannon index on the micro-topography categories and undisturbed slope was in the order of scarp > gully> shallow gully> undisturbed slope> platform> collapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]