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Objective To study the rat pulmonary irritant of aerosol inhaled Tanreqing and Reduning injection. Methods Rats were devided into two groups for each medicine (low concentration group and high concentration group), nebulized drug administration for seven days, with the control group irrigated with saline, and were sacrificed. Through bronchoalveolar lavage, excurrent bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was used for total protein determination and LDH vitality test to evaluate pulmonary toxicity of two medicines. Results The protein concentrations of two groups in low and high concentrations of Tanreqing and Reduning respectively are (193.78±27.74), (235.33±50.41) μg/ml; (174.02±17.82), (227.27±66.03) μg/ml; LDH vitalities respectively are 1065.21±181.76,1467.33±101.87;307.97±47.56,1377.29±566.48. By t-test, compared with normal saline, there was no significant effect among these five groups on protein concentration, but these two medicine were able to improve LDH activity (P<0.05) which was more obvious in high concentration group. When two medicines were in low concentration, LDH activity was higher in Tanreqing group with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Aerosol inhaled Tanreqing and Reduning injection in rats have some pulmonary irritation and potential safety hazard in this delivery way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]