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为减少甾醇酯的生产工序，提高大豆油脱臭馏分重相组分中总甾醇得率，采用柱层析法直接分离提取甾醇酯，通过单因素试验考察吸附剂种类、上样量、洗脱剂比例和柱长直比（填料高度与直径比）对甾醇酯产品纯度和得率的影响，确定最佳工艺条件，并对最佳工艺条件下分离提取的甾醇酯产品进行傅里叶红外光谱表征，以及甾醇组成和脂肪酸组成测定。结果表明，柱层析法分离提取甾醇酯的最佳工艺条件为吸附剂为硅胶（粒径50~75 μm），上样量0.5 g，洗脱剂比例为正己烷、乙醚、冰乙酸体积比95∶ 5∶ 1，柱长直比16∶ 1。在最佳工艺条件下，甾醇酯产品纯度为(89.90±0.94)%，得率为(9615±1.49)%；傅里叶红外光谱分析证实提取的产品中含甾醇酯，甾醇酯上的甾醇组成主要为β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、菜油甾醇，脂肪酸组成主要为亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚麻酸。综上，柱层析法无需复杂工序，即可实现大豆油脱臭馏分重相组分中甾醇酯的有效回收。In order to reduce the process of sterol ester production and increase the yield of total sterols in the waste residue of soybean oil deodorizer distillate (WRSODD), column chromatography was used to extract the sterol esters from WRSODD. The influence of absorbent type, sample loading amount, eluent ratio and ratio of column material height to diameter on the recovery rate and purity of sterol esters were examined by single factor experiment, and the optimum process conditions were selected. The sterol esters obtained under the optimum process conditions was analyzed by Fourier-infrared spectroscopy, and its sterols and fatty acid compositions were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: with silica gel powder (particle size 50-75 μm) as absorbent, sample loading amount 0.5 g, volume ratio of a mixture of n-hexane, diethyl ether and glacial acetic acid 95∶ 5∶ 1, and ratio of column material height to diameter 16∶ 1. Under these conditions, the purity and recovery rate of sterol esters were (89.90±0.94)% and (96.15±1.49)%, respectively. Fourier-infrared spectroscopy results verified that the product contained sterol esters. The sterol compositions of sterol esters were mainly β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol. The fatty acid compositions were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. In conclusion, effective recovery of sterol esters from the waste residue of soybean oil deodorizer distillate can be achieved through column chromatography without complex process.

This article summarized the preoperative and postoperative nursing process of a patient with giant common bile duct stones accompanied by acute cholangitis who underwent SpyGlassTMDS-guided laser lithotripsy for stones removal. Key issues of nursing included preoperative preparation, intraoperative cooperation, postoperative care, and Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing plan, which make a great contribution to alleviating patient’s discomfort symptoms after surgery and quickly recover from discharge. (本文总结1例胆总管巨大结石伴急性胆管炎患者行SpyGlassTMDS直视下激光碎石取石的围手术期护理经验, 护理重点包括术前准备、术中配合、术后护理及中医护理方案, 旨在帮助患者缓解术后不适症状, 促进康复。)

To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of a patient with confocal laser endomicroscopy, and summarize nursing measures such as preoperative preparation, intraoperative coordination, postoperative care of adverse reaction care, psychological care and other targeted nursing interventions. It is required to carried comprehensive nursing interventions to reduce patient discomfort and ensure the success of confocal laser endomicroscopy. (本文总结1例行共聚焦激光显微内镜检查术患者的护理配合要点, 包括术前准备、术中配合以及术后常规护理、不良反应护理、心理护理等针对性护理措施, 以减轻患者不适症状, 保障患者共聚焦激光显微内镜检查的顺利完成。)

The relaxation signals of rapeseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil and corn oil were investigated using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), and the correlation between the composition of vegetable oils and their NMR relaxation characteristics was analyzed. Furthermore, a classification model for vegetable oils was established based on the echo attenuation information of LF-NMR using principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA), and the effects of discriminant functions and the number of principal components (PC) on the model’s performance were studied. The experimental results showed that the decreasing order of the attenuation rates of the echo curves was peanut oil > rapeseed oil > corn oil > soybean oil > sunflower oil. The types of vegetable oils had significant effects on relaxation properties including T2W, T23, S23 and Stotal (P < 0.05). There existed extremely significant correlations between T2W, T22, T23, S23 and Stotal and the contents of C18:1, C18:2, C20:0, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (P < 0.01). The classification precision of the PCA-LDA model developed using linear discriminant function and 10 PCs for the training and prediction sets were 100.0% and 88.2%, respectively. It can be seen that it is feasible to identify vegetable oil species using LF-NMR. This study can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for quality and safety detection of different edible vegetable oils.

This paper summarized the nursing management for an elderly patient with esophageal food impaction during the recovery stage after cerebral infarction. Based on the nursing assessment on hospital admission, gastroscopy-assisted foreign body removal was carried out. Much attention has been paid on the perioperative nursing and health education about functional exercise after discharge from hospital. A systematic and comprehensive support was provided including dietary guidance, swallowing exercise, limb function exercise, language function exercise and psychological care. (本文总结1例老年脑梗死康复患者引起食物嵌塞的护理经验。在完善入院评估的基础上, 加强胃镜下食管异物取出围手术期护理, 开展出院后功能锻炼和延续护理指导, 从饮食、吞咽功能锻炼、肢体功能锻炼、语言功能锻炼及心理方面为患者及家属提供系统全面的护理干预。)

Fragment productions in spallation reactions and projectile fragmentation reactions are important topics in nuclear reaction both theoretically and experimentally, which find important applications in fundamental nuclear physics, radioactive ion beam facilities, nuclear waste disposal, medical isotopes production, etc. Besides the many models to predict the fragment productions, such as the transport model, empirical parametrizations or formula, machine learning models have been constructed to predict fragment cross-sections in proton induced spallation reactions and projectile fragmentation reactions. In this paper, the recently proposed models using Bayesian neural network (BNN) models were introduced for precise prediction of fragments, especially for extreme rare isotopes with large isospins in nuclear spallation and projectile fragmentation reactions. Two types of models were introduced, i.e., the BNN models which were constructed based on massive learning to experimental data, and the physical model guided BNN+ models which were constructed based on massive learning to the differences between measured data and physical model predictions. The simplified EPAX (sEPAX) formula and the FRACS formulas were adopted as the physical model to guide the BNN+ model for spallation reaction (BNN+sEPAX) and projectile fragmentation reaction (BNN+FRACS), respectively. The BNN and BNN+ models have the structure of one input layer with key parameters related to the reaction, one hidden layer with optimized numbers of neural nodes and one output layer. For the numbers of learning data set, it was 15 370 measured fragments in the proton induced nuclear spallation reactions and 6 393 measured fragments in the projectile fragmentation reactions. It is found that the machine learning models provide new type of predictive models for nuclear reactions besides the physical models. The BNN model needs sufficient information to achieve good prediction ability, while the BNN+ model can inherit the advantage of the physical model and make up for the defects of the physical model, which makes it achieve good predictive ability when known data are insufficient. The predicted results show that the BNN and BNN+ models have high predictions to fragments cross-sections in spallation reactions smaller than 136Xe within an incident energy range from tens of MeV/u to a few GeV/u, and projectile fragmentation reactions for projectile from 40Ar to 208Pb within the range of incident energy from tens of MeV/u to 1 GeV/u. Particularly, the BNN model for projectile fragmentation reaction predicts a 0.46 fb compared to the experimental estimation 0.5 fb for 39Na isotope in the 345 MeV/u 48Ca+9Be reaction, indicating it is capable for high quality prediction to near drip-line isotopes.

The Nigerian miniature neutron source reactor (MNSR) is a research reactor developed and constructed by China Institute of Atomic Energy. The high enriched uranium (HEU) fuel is used in the reactor core fuel. In order to prevent nuclear proliferation, the Chinese government is committed to actively assisting other countries completing the conversion of low enriched uranium (LEU) of the research reactor, then the work of Nigerian MNSR with LEU core is started. In order to carry out the conversion of LEU smoothly, Nigerian MNSR with LEU core model was constructed using MCNP, WIMSD and CITATION codes, and main parameters of the Nigerian MNSR with LEU core were calculated, such as critical mass, central control rod reactivity efficiency, upper beryllium reactivity efficiency in outer ring, thermal neutron fluence rate in inner and outer irradiation tubes, core reactivity efficiency, irradiation tubes reactivity efficiency of core radial and axial in-homogeneity coefficients, fuel temperature coefficient, moderator temperature coefficient, effective delayed neutron fraction and prompt neutron lifetime, etc. Then, the zero-power experiment was completed on MNSR zero-power experiment device, the reactivity efficiencies of experimental components such as the central control rod, upper beryllium, fuel elements in outer ring, inner irradiation tube and outer irradiation tube were measured using the classical periodic method in reactor physics experiments. The experimentally measured value of the reactivity efficiency of the central control rod is measured as 742 pcm, the maximum backup reactivity of the Nigerian MNSR with LEU core is 400 pcm, and the minimum shutdown depth is 342 pcm, which meets the safety requirements for MNSR shutdown. The value of the reactivity efficiency of the upper beryllium reflector layer is 1 750 pcm. According to the operating experience, if the reactivity is consumed at 50 pcm per year, the Nigerian MNSR with LEU core can continue to operate for about 35 years without replacing the core. The zero-power experimental measurement data are in accordance with the design calculation data whose relative deviation between them is basically whin 5%. On the basis of these experimental and calculation data, the Nigerian MNSR with LEU core safety function experiment was successfully completed. The neutron fluence rate increases to a peak of about 2.2×1012 cm-2·s-1, and then gradually decreases. Due to the temperature negative feedback and characteristics of the Nigerian MNSR with LEU core, when the control rod is stuck in the reactor and a large reactivity is accidentally introduced, the reactor can be automatically adjusted and in a controllable safety level. The results of the experiment confirm the good safety performance of the Nigerian MNSR with LEU core, marking the completion of the Nigerian MNSR from HEU to LEU, which has contributed to the prevention of nuclear proliferation in the international community.

Objective To compare the efficacy of dual-frequency dual-pulse laser lithotripsy under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and traditional endoscopic mechanical lithotripsy in the treatment of patients with common bile duct stones, and summarize perioperative nursing measures. Methods From May 2018 to May 2022, the clinical data of 200 patients with common bile duct stones who underwent ERCP treatment and lithotripsy were retrospectively analyzed, of which 69 patients were treated with dual-frequency dual-pulse laser lithotripsy (Laser group) and 131 patients were treated with mechanical lithotripsy (Mechanical group), and the success rate of stone extraction, operation time, postoperative hospital stay time and complications of two groups of patients were compared. Results There was no significant difference in baseline data such as general conditions and preoperative clinical data between two groups (P＞0. 05). Neither neither Laser group nor Mechanical group had reported the perioperative death case. There were no significant difference in postoperative bleeding, postoperative pancreatitis and perforation complication rates in the two groups (P＞0. 05). The surgical time in the Laser group was significantly longer than that in the Mechanical group (P＜0. 05). The postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the Laser group than that in the Mechanical group(P＜0. 05), and the total complication rate and stone residue rate were lower in the Laser group than those in the Mechanical group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion The treatment of common bile duct stones by dual-frequency dual-pulse laser lithotripsy has better efficacy and lower complication rate than traditional surgical mechanical lithotripsy, but there is still room for improvement in the operation time. (目的 比较内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)下双频双脉冲激光碎石与内镜下传统机械碎石治疗胆总管结石患者的效果, 总结护理经验。方法 回顾性分析2018年5月—2022年5月在北京中医药大学东方医院消化内镜中心行ERCP治疗并碎石的200例胆总管结石患者的临床资料, 其中69例患者采用双频双脉冲激光碎石术(激光组), 131例患者采用机械碎石(机械组)。比较两组患者的取石成功率、手术时间、术后住院时间、并发症等情况。结果 两组患者一般情况、术前临床资料等基线资料比较, 差异无统计学意义(P＞0. 05)。激光组和机械组均无围术期死亡患者。两组患者术后出血、术后胰腺炎、穿孔并发症率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0. 05)。与机械组相比, 激光组的手术时间较长(P＜0. 05), 术后住院时间更短(P＜0. 05), 总并发症率和结石残留率更低(P＜0. 05)。结论 ERCP下双频双脉冲激光碎石治疗胆总管结石具有比传统手术机械碎石更好的效果及更低的并发症率, 但手术时间仍有改进的空间。)

This paper summarized the nursing management for a case of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, including the preparation of preoperative instruments and articles, intraoperative operation process, postoperative psychological care, fistula stomy care, enteral nutrition care, complication prevention and health education. Through preoperative and postoperative nursing, the aim was to improve patient nutritional status, reduce complications and improve prognosis. (本文总结1例经皮内镜下胃造瘘术(PEG)患者的护理体会, 包括术前仪器物品的准备, 术中操作过程配合, 以及术后患者心理护理、造瘘管护理、肠内营养护理、并发症预防和健康宣教等措施, 通过开展精准的围术期护理, 以达到提高患者营养水平、减少并发症及改善预后的目的。)

This paper summarizes the nursing experience of a patient who received endoscopic variceal ligation in the treatment of esophageal varices, including preoperative psychological care, instrument preparation, patient preparation, intraoperative care, postoperative general care, complication care and other targeted nursing measures. Through the comprehensive nursing mode, full preoperative preparation, close surgical cooperation, and meticulous postoperative care, the success of esophageal variceal ligation was guaranteed, the pain of patients was reduced, the patient's symptoms were improved. (本文总结1例内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术治疗食管静脉曲张患者的护理体会, 包括术前的心理护理、器械准备、患者准备、术中护理、术后一般护理、并发症护理等针对性护理措施。充分的术前准备、密切的手术配合和细致的术后护理是保障食管静脉曲张套扎术成功的关键, 有助于减轻患者疼痛, 改善患者病症, 促进其康复。)

To summarize the comprehensive nursing experience in a case of typhoid fever complicated with intestinal bleeding. Based on the nursing risk assessment, comprehensive nursing interventions including guidelines on rest and exercise programs, disinfection protection, psychological nursing, observation and nursing of high fever, observation and nursing of diarrhea, diet nursing and continuous nursing were carried out. Comprehensive nursing interventions were implemented to relieve the symptoms of diarrhea, relieve the pain of the patients, shorten the course of the disease, and prevent cross-infection of the disease. (本文总结1例伤寒并发肠出血患者的综合护理措施。在完善护理评估的基础上, 为患者制定常规的休息与活动计划, 加强消毒防护、心理护理、高热观察及护理、腹泻观察及护理、饮食护理及延续性护理, 旨在缓解患者腹泻症状, 减轻患者痛苦, 缩短病程, 防止疾病交叉感染。)

This paper summarized the whole process of nursing intervention for a patient with oculomotor paralysis caused by systemic lupus erythematosus. Responsible nurses were involved throughout the process, in which overall evaluation of disease condition, routine nursing management, auricular point needle combined with auricular point pressing therapy were carried out. Targeted nursing plan should be made based on the overall evaluation and Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation, in order to improve the rehabilitation of the patient. (本文总结1例系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)致动眼神经麻痹患者的护理经验, 包括整体评估、常规护理、耳针联合耳穴贴压等, 根据患者的评估结果和中医辨证, 制定针对性的护理方案, 有助于促进患者康复。)

This paper summarized the nursing experience for a patient undergoing endoscopic guided placement of nasointestinal ileus tube. Key issues of nursing included preparation of insertion tube, cooperation during tube placement, psychological nursing , medication guidance, tube maintenance , nutrition care, pain control with Traditional Chinese Medicine, extended care. A comprehensive nursing of integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine is potentially effective to relieve the pain during placement and improve the rehabilitation of the patient. (本文总结1例内镜下放置肠梗阻导管的中西医护理体会, 包括置管的准备、置管过程中的配合以及心理护理、药物指导、管路护理、营养护理、中医疼痛干预、延续护理等针对性护理措施。通过中西医综合的护理模式进行多角度干预, 减轻患者疼痛, 改善患者临床症状, 促进康复。)

Compared with the traditional mode, expressway BOT+EPC mode has incomparable advantages in financing, construction, and other aspects, but it is prone to inconsistent phenomena before and after construction from project investment to operation stage. This paper constructs the success evaluation system of expressway BOT + EPC project by integrating the characteristics of the success evaluation method, which is comprehensive, efficient, and clear in its conclusions . Then, the whitening weight function is constructed based on grey theory to quantify the indexes. After that, the index weight are determined through the analytic hierarchy process and grey correlation degree. The project success value is calculated based on a comprehensive fuzzy method. Finally, the comprehensive and multi-level project post-evaluation is realized. KK expressway example results show that the project's overall success is 4.029, belonging to the basic success. However, the success degree of the project operation effect and benefit is only 3.799, which belongs to partial success. The main reason is that the actual traffic volume is lower than expected. In the later stage, it is necessary to improve the anti-risk ability of the financial part and pay attention to the research depth of similar BOT+EPC projects in the decision-making stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human brain bank is the foundation for neurology and neuroscience, which provides research materials for medical scientists to explore what happen in human brains. Through voluntary postmortem brain tissue donation, brain bank collects, classifies, stores and distributes brain tissue samples for researchers with appropriate research proposals, so as to facilitate researchers to conduct human brain research. History showed that the act of brain only autopsy distinguished neurology as a distinct discipline. The emerges of brain banking accompanied with the advances of neurology and neuroscience. It facilitates the development of neurology from neuropathological examination feedback about the clinical presentations of the brain donor, plays an important role in the definition of novel neurological diseases, and also makes an extraordinary contribution to the disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic discoveries. This manuscript elaborated the history, current situation, and the impacts of human brain banking on current neurology. Furthermore, we discussed about the opportunities and challenges of brain banking in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper suggests that tourists experience two types of interaction; one type is between the person and the place that the person is touring, and the other is between one person and another. The relations between the person and the tourism object have been studied extensively before. However, the study of the social relationships between one person and another during the tourism experience has not received enough attention. The paper notes that the study of human social relations is an important issue and offers a unique perspective in the study of the tourist experience. This is similar to arguments by Urry (2002), who states that social relations are an integral part of services related to tourism, and that tourism consumption is indelibly social. To explain the consumption of tourist services one cannot separate the social relations that occur during consumption of these services. Many studies of people's social relationships have focused on the relationship between the local community and tourists, or between tourists and tourism service workers, in particular between the host and the guest. However, little has been written on the relationships between tourists and other tourists. In fact, the tourist-to-tourist interaction and the quality of the social relationship among tourists have a great influence on the quality of the tourist experience. Therefore, this paper first studies the tourist experience context of the other's presence or absence. When another tourist is present, the tourists can collectively view a landscape or landmark, or interact between each other if such a landmark is absent. If others are absent, the tourist views such landmarks alone (known as "the romantic lonely gaze"). This paper discusses the interactions among various roles in the tourism industry and elucidates the social relationship network. The paper centers on the construction of the social relationships among tourists, and introduces three conceptual models. These models are divided into three situations; the first is that the tourists are strangers before travelling and remain strangers on the trip; in this case the large-scale apathy in one tour group will influence the quality of tourists' experience. The second situation is that the tourists are strangers at first but eventually become friends or even companions. Because they are in the same situation and unaware of each other's background the tourists feel that they have the same social standing and interact naturally. In such a situation, tourists can relax and feel free of social pressure. After the trip ends, some will remain in touch with each other and have long-term friendships, while some will lose contact. The third context is that the tourists know each other before travelling and they travel together as companions. Therefore their interactions may be different from those of the other two situations; the interactions between these tourists may affect their relationships after the trip. In this sense, the tourism interactions play the roles of strengthening or weakening social relations. This paper analyses tourism blogs on the Internet using the above three conceptual models through the process of coding. We expect more empirical studies on interpersonal social relationships in tourism to be published in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, characterized by a high potential for proliferation and metastasis. Patients with osteosarcoma who have distant metastases generally have a poor prognosis. Challenges in treatment include incomplete resection of tumor and chemotherapy resistance, with no effective cure currently available. Recent studies suggest that β-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 1 (B4GALNT1) plays a role in the progression of various malignant tumors. However, the function of B4GALNT1 in osteosarcoma cells has not been reported. This study aims to investigate the expression of B4GALNT1 in osteosarcoma tissues compared to normal tissues and to explore its effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, thereby providing new theoretical foundations and directions for the treatment of osteosarcoma patients., Methods: Tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissue samples were collected from 16 osteosarcoma patients who underwent tumor resection at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The patients' ages ranged from 8 to 17 years (median age 12 years). The expression of B4GALNT1 mRNA in osteosarcoma tissues, corresponding normal tissues, 3 osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63, Saos-2, and U2OS), and human fetal osteoblastic cells (hFOB) was detected using real-time reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR). The effects of B4GALNT1 knockdown on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells Saos-2 and U2OS were analyzed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and colony formation assays. The effects of B4GALNT1 knockdown on the migration and invasion abilities of Saos-2 and U2OS cells were evaluated using Transwell migration and invasion assays. Western blotting analysis was performed to assess the impact of B4GALNT1 knockdown on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion-related proteins in Saos-2 and U2OS cells., Results: Real-time RT-PCR results showed that B4GALNT1 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in osteosarcoma tissues and the 3 osteosarcoma cell lines compared to normal tissues and hFOB cells (all P <0.01). CCK-8 and colony formation assays indicated that B4GALNT1 knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation rate of osteosarcoma cells compared to the control group (all P <0.05). Transwell migration and invasion assays demonstrated that B4GALNT1 knockdown significantly decreased the number of migrating and invading osteosarcoma cells (all P <0.01). Western blotting analysis revealed that B4GALNT1 knockdown inhibited the expression of N-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) compared to the control group (all P <0.01)., Conclusions: B4GALNT1 is upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, and its knockdown suppresses the malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma cells. B4GALNT1 may function as an oncogene in the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells.

Mentha canadensis is a traditional Chinese herb with great medicinal and economic value. Abscisic acid(ABA) receptor PYLs have important roles in plant growth and development and response to adversity. The M. canadensis McPYL4 gene was cloned, and its protein characteristics, gene expression, and protein interactions were analyzed, so as to provide genetic resources for genetic improvement and molecular design breeding for M. canadensis resistance. Therefore, the protein characteristics, subcellular localization, gene expression pattern, and protein interactions of McPYL4 were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis, transient expression of tobacco leaves, RT-qPCR, and yeast two-hybrid(Y2H) techniques. The results showed that the McPYL4 gene was 621 bp in length, encoding 206 amino acids, and its protein had the conserved structural domain of SRPBCC and was highly homologous with Salvia miltiorrhiza SmPYL4. McPYL4 protein was localized to the cell membrane and nucleus. The McPYL4 gene was expressed in all tissue of M. canadensis, with the highest expression in roots, followed by leaves, and it showed a pattern of up-regulation followed by down-regulation in leaves 1-8. In both leaves and roots, the McPYL4 gene responded to the exogenous hormones ABA, MeJA, and the treatments of drought, AlCl&#95;3, NaCl, CdCl&#95;2, and CuCl&#95;2. Moreover, McPYL4 was up-regulated for expression in both leaves and roots under the MeJA treatment, as well as in leaves treated with AlCl&#95;3 stress for 1 h, whereas McPYL4 showed a tendency to be down-regulated in both leaves and roots under other treatments. Protein interactions showed that McPYL4 interacted with AtABI proteins in an ABA-independent manner. This study demonstrated that McPYL4 responded to ABA, JA, and several abiotic stress treatments, and McPYL4 was involved in ABA signaling in M. canadensis and thus in the regulation of leaf development and various abiotic stresses in M. canadensis.

Mentha canadensis, as a plant with medicinal and culinary uses, holds significant economic value. Jasmonic acid signaling repressor JAZ protein has a crucial role in regulating plant response to adversity stresses. The M. canadensis McJAZ8 gene is cloned and analyzed for protein characterization, protein interactions, and expression patterns, so as to provide genetic resources for molecular breeding of M. canadensis for stress tolerance. This experiment will analyze the protein structural characteristics, subcellular localization, protein interactions, and gene expression of McJAZ8 using bioinformatics, yeast two-hybrid(Y2H), transient expression in tobacco leaves, qRT-PCR, and other technologies. The results show that:(1)The full length of the McJAZ8 gene is 543 bp, encoding 180 amino acids. The McJAZ8 protein contains conserved TIFY and Jas domains and exhibits high homology with Arabidopsis thaliana AtJAZ1 and AtJAZ2.(2)The McJAZ8 protein is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm.(3)The Y2H results show that McJAZ8 interacts with itself or McJAZ1/3/4/5 proteins to form homologous or heterologous dimers.(4)McJAZ8 is expressed in different tissue, with the highest expression level in young leaves. In terms of leaf sequence, McJAZ8 shows the highest expression level in the fourth leaf and the lowest expression level in the second leaf.(5) In leaves and roots, the expression of McJAZ8 is upregulated to varying degrees under methyl jasmonate(MeJA), drought, and NaCl treatments. The expression of McJAZ8 shows an initial upregulation followed by a downregulation pattern under CdCl&#95;2 treatment. In leaves, the expression of McJAZ8 tends to gradually decrease under CuCl&#95;2 treatment, while in roots, it initially decreases and then increases before decreasing again. In both leaves and roots, the expression of McJAZ8 is downregulated to varying degrees under AlCl&#95;(3 )treatment. This study has enriched the research on jasmonic acid signaling repressor JAZ genes in M. canadensis and provided genetic resources for the molecular breeding of M. canadensis.

Compound Congrong Yizhi Capsules is widely used in clinic for the long-term treatment and synergistic treatment of vascular cognitive impairment. After years of clinical observation, it has an obvious curative effect on the treatement of vascular cognitive impairment and has been recommended by multiple guidelines, consensuses, and series. This consensus was formulated for the treatment of vascular dementia. On the basis of summarizing the application experience of clinicians, and combined with the existing evidence-based evidence, 11 recommendations/consensus recommendations were finally reached through the nominal group method. The indications, usage and dosage, course of treatment, medication time, concomitant medication, and precautions of Congrong Yizhi Capsules in the treatment of vascular dementia were proposed, and the safety of the clinical application was described. This consensus is applicable to the use of Compound Congrong Yizhi Capsules in the treatment of patients with vascular dementia, and can be used by clinicians from the departments of encephalopathy(neurology), geriatrics, and traditional Chinese medicine in general hospitals. This consensus has been approved by China Association of Chinese Medicine, with the number of GS/CACM 298-2022.

Objective: To study the association of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome with inflammatory response in the acute stage and coronary artery lesion (CAL) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD)., Methods: A total of 42 children with KD who were hospitalized from January to October 2017 were enrolled as the KD group, among whom 9 had CAL (CAL group) and 33 had no CAL (NCAL group). Fifteen age- and gender-matched children with pneumonia and pyrexia were enrolled as the pneumonia-pyrexia group. Fifteen healthy children were enrolled as the healthy control group. Real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to investigate the correlation of NLRP3 mRNA expression with serum levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, procalcitonin, albumin and prealbumin., Results: The KD group had significantly higher mRNA expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in the acute stage than the pneumonia-pyrexia and healthy control groups (P<0.05). The CAL group had significantly higher mRNA expression of NLRP3 than the NCAL group (P<0.05). NLRP3 mRNA expression was correlated with C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and prealbumin levels in children with KD in the acute stage (r s =0.449, 0.376, 0.427, and -0.416 respectively; P<0.05)., Conclusions: NLRP3 inflammasome may participate in inflammatory response in the acute stage and the development of CAL in children with KD.

Objective: To explore the effect of application of soft tissue loosening and acetabular reconstruction in hip replacement for patients with severe femoral head necrosis on joint function.
 Methods: From June 2012 to August 2016, 68 patients with severe femoral head necrosis (Ficat III, IV) underwent total hip replacement with soft tissue release and acetabular reconstruction at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Total hip replacement is performed by the posterolateral approach. The acetabulum was rebuilt and the length of the affected limb was prolonged after clearing the scar tissue, proliferating the epiphysis, releasing the abductor muscle group and the adductor muscle group, dissecting the soft tissue around the acetabulum. One year after surgery, Harris score, X-ray positive lateral radiograph for the affected side and full-length X-ray examination for both lower extremities were performed to evaluate the curative effect.
 Results: The postoperative follow-up time ranged from 1.0 to 5.5 years. All patients' femoral heads returned to normal anatomical position and the affected limb length was restored to 1.5-3.5 cm; all patients did not damage the sciatic nerve. The Harris scores for 68 patients increased from 38.6±7.5 to 78.2±5.7 (P=0.029) in the first year after surgery.
 Conclusion: During hip replacement surgery for severe femoral head necrosis, soft tissue dissection and acetabular reconstruction can be used to ensure anatomical reconstruction for the acetabular fossa and to improve abductor function.

Objective: To evaluate the radiological features of osteoid osteoma around lesser trochante of femur, and to analyze the outcomes of treatment with open surgery.
 Methods: From July 2013 to August 2015, 14 patients (9 males, 5 females) with osteoid osteoma around lesser trochanter were retrospectively reviewed. The ages of patients were 9-44 (average 20) years old. The duration of symptom was 3-36 (average 8) months. After the X-ray plain radiography, CT and MR, all patients underwent open resection. No intense exercise was allowed in the first three months after the operation.
 Results: There were 9 cases of cortical type, and 5 cases of subperiosteal type. The niduses were found by plain radiographs in 9 patients. By CT scan, the niduses were found in all 14 patients. The average pre-operative visual analogue scale (VAS) without NSAIDs was 6.5. One month after the operation, the average VAS was 0 for all patients. The follow up time for all patients was 9-34 (average 20) months. No recurrence, infection, neurovascular injury or fracture was found during the follow up.
 Conclusion: Open resection is a feasible method for osteoid osteoma around lesser trochanter of femur with satisfied outcome and low complication rate.

Objectives: To determine the characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children., Methods: Reported ADRs in the patients aged from 0-18 years were extracted from the 2012-2014 Sichuan ADR surveillance system.The time trend,category of ADRs [system organ class (SOC)],outcomes,and demographic characteristics of the patients were analyzed., Results: The reported paediatric ADRs increased over time;most occurred in males (7 709,56.40%) and preschool children (5 928,43.37%).The majorities involved intravenous drips (8 492,62.13%) and skin and appendages (7 510,55.10%).About 267 (1.95%) cases were deemed as serious ADRs,most (120,44.94%) involving whole body consequences.The majority (13 515,98.87%) of patients recovered.But deaths (5,0.04%) were also reported., Conclusions: Pediatric ADRs are associated with young age (less than 5 years old) and intravenous drips.Serious ADRs should be identified for early interventions.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of the resection of periacetabular malignant tumors and the reconstruction with modular endoprosthesis.
, Methods: From August 2006 to December 2012, 22 patients with periacetabular malignant tumors, who received the resection and reconstruction with modular prosthesis, were retrospectively reviewed. There were 11 males and 11 females, and the average age was 44 (16-65) years old. Pathological results showed there were 13 cases of chondrosarcoma, 5 cases of osteosarcoma, 2 cases of Ewing's sarcoma, 1 case of maligant fibrous histiocytoma, and 1 case of giant cell tumor. According to the classification system by Enneking, there were 11 cases of Type II+III resection, 5 cases of Type I+II+III resection, 3 cases of Type I+II resection, and 3 cases of Type II resection.
, Results: All patients were followed up. The average time for follow-up was 49 (11-103) months. At the last time of follow-up, 13 patients (59%) were still alive, 9 patients (41%) died due to their primary disease. Metastasis occurred in 8 patients (36%), and local recurrence occurred in 5 patients (23%). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score for 13 cases of alive patients at the latest time of follow-up was (18.5±5.7) months. The mean score for 11 patients, whose limb salvage were successful, was 20.7±2.0.
, Conclusion: Reconstruction with modular prosthesis after wide resection for periacetabular malignant tumor can achieve satisfied outcome.

Objective: To prospectively observe the long-term antiviral efficacy and safety of telbivudine (LDT) administered as a monotherapy and as a combination therapy with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and positivity for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)., Methods: A total of 140 patients with HBeAg-positive CHB were randomly divided into treatment groups for LDT monotherapy (n = 75; 600 mg orally, once daily) and LDT+ADV combination therapy (n = 65; LDT 600 mg plus ADV 10 mg orally, once daily). The shortest treatment course was 96 weeks and the longest was 240 weeks. At treatment weeks 12, 24, 48?, 96, 144, 192, and 240 patients were tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, HBeAg seroconversion and ALT normalization time; in addition, the incidence and type of adverse drug reactions were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed to determine the significance of differences observed between groups., Results: The rate of patients experiencing more than or equal to 2 log HBV DNA reduction was higher in the LDT + ADV group (92.3%(60/65) vs. LDT: 86.7%(65/75), X2 = 1.58). The HBV DNA negative rates of the LDT and LDT + ADV groups were 62.7% and 61.5% (X2 = 0.01) at week 24, 76.0% and 81.5% (X2 = 0.63) at week 48, 80.0% and 89.2% (X2 = 2.2) at week 96, 78.3% and 93.3% (X2 = 3.24) at week 144, 83.7% and 91.7% (X2 = 0.47) at week 192, and 93.3% and 88.9% at week 240 (comparison between two groups for each point P more than 0.05); both groups showed higher early and rapid sustained HBV DNA negative rates. For the HBeAg seroconversion, the rates of the LDT and LDT + ADV groups were 17.3% and 23.1% (X2 = 0.71) at week 24, 29.3% and 30.8% (X2 = 0.03) at week 48, 42.7% and 40.0% (X2 = 0.10) at week 96, 55.0% and 43.3% (X2 = 1.08) at week 144, 55.8% and 66.7% (X2 = 0.45) at week 192, and 63.3% and 66.7% at week 240; however, pairwise comparison showed no statistically significant differences between the groups (P more than 0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference between the two groups in incidence of resistance at week 48 (4.0% and 1.5%), week 96 (5.3% and 3.1%), week 144 (10.0% and 3.3%, X2 = 1.23), week 192 (11.6% and 8.3%), and week 240 (13.3% and 11.1%) (all P more than 0.05). Three patients experienced muscle soreness (LDT, n = 2; LDT + ADV, n = 1) and two patients experienced increased creatine phosphokinase (LDT, n = 1; LDT + ADV, n = 1); all side effects resolved spontaneously or with symptom-appropriate treatment., Conclusion: The long-term efficacy of LDT as a monotherapy or as a combination therapy with ADV was similar and the two different treatment approaches were associated with similar rates of resistance. The long-term safety was good for both treatment approaches.

Objective: To study the differences in quality of life and psychosocial function between children with short stature and children with normal stature., Methods: The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) was used to survey 53 children aged 5-18 years who were diagnosed with short stature between June 2011 and June 2012, and their parents or guardians. Seventy-nine healthy children aged 4-17 years were selected as the control group., Results: For PedsQL Child-Self Report, the children with short stature had a significantly higher total score than the control children (25.3±11.2 vs 21.1±10.3; P<0.05), and the former had significantly higher scores than the latter on the following items: It is hard for me to walk more than one block; It is hard for me to lift something heavy; I hurt or ache; I worry about what will happen to me; I cannot do things that other kids of my age can do; It is hard to keep up when I play with other kids; It is hard to pay attention in class; I forget things; I have trouble keeping up with my schoolwork (P<0.05). For PedsQL Parent-Proxy Report, the children with short stature had significantly higher scores than the control children on the following items: troubled sleeping; paying attention in class; keeping up with schoolwork; forgetting things (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in total score, however, between the two groups (P>0.05)., Conclusions: Children with short stature have poorer development of psychosocial function than children with normal stature.

This work aims at preparing oil spill sorbent (TCS, Trichoderma viride-modified corn stalk) through solid-state fermentation of corn stalk by Trichoderma viride. Single-factor experiments, including the effect of modification time, solid-liquid ratio of modification and modification temperature, and adsorption experiments simulating oil spill condition, were carried out. The results indicated that the maximum oil adsorption of TCS, 13.84 g x g(-1), could be obtained under the conditions of 6 days of modification, with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4 and a modification temperature of 25 degrees C. This oil absorption was 110.33% of that of the raw material (RCS, Raw Corn Stalk). Comparing RCS and TCS by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), the results separately showed that TCS had rougher surface, lower cellulose content and higher instability, which explains the increase of oil absorption. Also, the component analysis indicated that bio-modification could reduce the contents of celluloses and hemicelluloses from corn stalk. Besides, sorption kinetics and oil retention performance test showed that, TCS, which could reach adsorption equilibrium after 1 h of 80 r x min(-1) oscillating, had fast oil adsorption rate, and it also had good oil retention performance, which could keep 74. 87% of the initial adsorption rate when trickling 10 min after reaching adsorption equilibrium.

Objective: To investigate the smoking status, knowledge of smoking hazards, attitude of tobacco control and skill of assisting smoking cessation in respiratory physicians in the city of Chongqing and therefore to provide references for their further participation in social tobacco control., Methods: With a self-designed questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted on respiratory physicians of 8 hospitals in Chongqing, which were selected with stratified random sampling method. All the data were inputted with software Epidata 3.1 and were analyzed with SPSS 13.0., Results: A total of 428 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with a valid rate of 95.1% (428/450). The total smoking rate was 12.4% (95%CI: 9.3% - 15.5%), with 7.4% in physicians of teaching hospitals, 8.13% in those of hospitals located in urban areas, and 19.0% in those of hospitals located in suburban district counties. The differences in smoking rates in the respiratory physicians among different hospitals showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 11.734, P = 0.014). The smoking rate of the male was higher than that of the female. Of the surveyed doctors, 80.14% had awareness that tobacco dependence was a neuropsychiatric disease characterized as nicotine addiction, while 34.8% claimed that they had no idea about quitting smoking drugs. Although all participants claimed that they knew the harm of secondhand smoke, 16.36% of them still had never come forward to prevent smoking behavior in hospitals. There was only 27.4% of the surveyed discouraging smoking behavior with the reason of unwillingness to breath in secondhand smoke, while 53.9% of the surveyed discouraged smoking behavior because of regulations of hospitals. Most of the surveyed did relatively well in routinely inquiring and recording the smoking status of patients, but only 27.1% of them had recommended specific quitting smoking methods to patients, and there were few successful cases in practice. The situations of smoking cessation assistance in hospitals located in urban areas and suburban district counties were better than that in teaching hospitals., Conclusions: The smoking rate of the respiratory physicians (especially male doctors) in Chongqing is high. There is lack of enthusiasm in preventing smoking behavior in public area of hospitals. The knowledge and skills of smoking cessation are lacking as well. Therefore more training programs for smoking control are needed. Respiratory physicians in primary hospitals or community health centers can play a more important role in smoking control.

Objective: To investigate the role of Human MutL homologue 1 (hMLH1) gene promoter methylation in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis (OA)., Methods: General DNA was dealt with sodium bisulfite. The methylation of hMLH1 promoter was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). hMLH1 protein expression in joint cartilage was detected by immunohistochemical method., Results: The positive percent of hMLH1 promoter methylation in OA patients was higher than that in healthy persons (χ(2)=30.634, P<0.001); the positive percent of hMLH1 protein in OA patients was significantly lower than that in healthy persons (χ(2)=37.724, P<0.001); prmoter methylation and protein expression level of hMLH1 gene showed negative correlation (rs=-0.554, P<0.001)., Conclusion: hMLH1 promoter is hypermethlated in joint cartilage cells of OA patients. Hypermethylation may affect the protein expression of hMLH1, which might play a role in the occurrence and development of OA.

Objective: To understand the mental intervention service system responsiveness., Methods: A stratified, multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used, and a total of 211 residents in the central earthquake area were face to face interviewed by using the evaluating questionnaire of mental intervention service system responsiveness (including confidentiality, autonomy, prompt attention and so on, in sum of eight indicators). Analytic hierarchy process method was used to determine the weight of each index, carrying out a single index evaluation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on the mental intervention service system responsiveness, and using Spearman rank correlation and Binary logistic regression model to analyze the relationship of total satisfaction of mental intervention with each index., Results: The dignity and confidentiality indicators were higher weight and rating. Prompt attention and the autonomy indicators were higher weight but lower rating, while surroundings and choice of providers indicators were lower weight and rating. It was also found that communication and social support network indicators were lower weight but higher rating. The overall assessment of mental intervention service system responsiveness ranged between "good" and "very good". All rank correlation coefficients of the indicators and the total satisfaction of mental interventions were significant (r(s) = 0.186 - 0.362, P < 0.05), except for confidentiality. The logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors of the individual variables influencing the total satisfaction were dignity (adjusted OR = 3.047, P < 0.001), surroundings (adjusted OR = 1.619, P = 0.019), and social support network (adjusted OR = 1.527, P = 0.005)., Conclusion: The overall assessment of mental intervention service system responsiveness was high. Mental interventions should be taken positive and effective measures to improve the prompt attention, autonomy, the choice of providers and service environment.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the colonization of group B streptococci (GBS), mycoplasma,and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections and spontaneous abortion due to early embryonic death., Methods: Totally 74 patients (study group) who experienced the missed abortion during their first or second trimester and 62 women (control group) who underwent induced termination of normal pregnancy during the first or second trimester were enrolled in this study. The vaginal secretions, intrauterine aspirates, and amniotic fluids were collected for GBS culture. Cervical mycoplasma (UU+MH) and CT were detected at the same time., Results: Positive results of GBS culture of vaginal secretions were detected in 9 patients (12.16%) in the study group, but in only 6 patients (9.68%) in control group (P=0.662). The intrauterine aspirate samples (as well as the amniotic fluid samples) of all cases were negative in GBS culture. The positive rates of UU and MH were 32.43% (24/74) and 16.22% (12/74) in the study group, but were only 10.35% (12/62) (P=0.0103) and 6.45 (4/62) (P=0.042) in the control group. The positive rate of CT was 8.11% (6/74) in the study group and 8.06 % (5/62) in the control group (P=0.905). The rate of concurrent infection of GBS and mycoplasma was 4.05% (3/74) in the study group and 6.45% (4/62) in the control group (P=0.743). The rate of concurrent infection of GBS and CT was 0 in the study group and 1.61% (1/62) in the control group (P=0.475). The rate of concurrent mycoplasma and CT infection was 2.70% (2/74) in the study group and 0 in the control group (P=0.325). Furthermore, no one was positive for poly infection of all these three pathogens., Conclusions: GBS may be positive in the genital tract of some pregnant women but is not related with early abortion. The mycoplasma infection may be one of the reasons leading to arrested intrauterine pregnancy.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between abdominal obesity and intracranial artery stenosis and the underlying mechanism., Methods: By cluster sampling, 1405 adult Han people were selected from the residential communities. Among them, 1035 people conformed to the inclusion criteria. Medical history was documented and body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were measured. Venous blood samples were collected to detect the serum concentrations of fasting glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Serum nitric oxide (NO) level was determined by cadmium reduction method. Middle cerebral artery stenosis (MCAS) was diagnosed by transcranial Doppler. The SPSS 11.0 software package was used for data analysis., Results: MCA stenosis was found in 66 subjects (6.4%). Univariate analysis showed history of hypertension, history of ischemic heart disease, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were the risk factors for MCAS and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was a risk factor only in males. Logistic regression demonstrated history of hypertension was an independent risk factor for MCAS both in males and females (P = 0.011, P = 0.009) and WHR for MCAS only in males (P = 0.030). Among males and females over 55 years old, the NO levels were higher in people with a higher WHR and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.042, P = 0.016); however the NO levels for people with a varying WHR showed statistically insignificant difference among females under 55 years old (P = 0.228)., Conclusion: Hypertension and abdominal obesity are important risk factors for MCAS. Endothelial cell dysfunction and an elevated level of oxidative stress may be involved in the atherogenetic mechanism of abdominal obesity while estrogen may play a protective role in it.

Objective: To investigate the effect and the significance of soft tissue repairing and functional reconstruction in limb salvage operation on extremity malignant bone tumors by individualized prosthesis replacement after malignant tumor resection with the help of Neo-adjuvant chemo-therapy., Methods: A total of 78 patients with malignant bone tumor were recruited, including 42 males and 36 females. Aged 19~61, with an average of (29.12+/-9.47).Tumor in 14 patients was in the proximal humerus, 11 in the proximal femur, 27 in the distal femur, 3 in femoral middle part, and 23 in the proximal tibial. There were 29 cases of osteogenic sarcoma, 18 chondroma sarcomatosum, 7 malignant enchondroma with pathological fracture, 20 malignant giant cell tumor,and 4 malignant inflammatory myofibroblastoma of the bone. Soft tissue repairing and functional reconstruction were carried out together with individualized prosthesis replacement. The type of the prostheses was as follows: 14 patients had long stem humerus head prosthesis, 50 made hinged knee prostheses with femoral or tibial component, 3 whole femur replacements, 7 long stem femoral head prostheses, 4 long stem hip prostheses., Results: All patients were followed up for an average of (26.80+/-8.06) months (4~37 months) and postoperative functions were estimated according to Enneking system. Among the 78 patients, results in 48 (61.5%) were excellent, 17 (21.8%) were good, 10 (12.8%) were fair, and 3(4.9%) were poor. The satisfactory rate was 83.3%., Conclusion: Soft tissue repairing and functional reconstruction in limb salvage operation on extremity bone malignant tumors by individualized prosthesis replacement not only spare the limbs, but also keep their function.It can remove the psychologic obstacles caused by extremity absence, and is effective for bone malignant tumor.

In the present paper, a new method named response variable transform (RVT) is proposed to reduce the effect of scattering in the NIR spectroscopy measurement. In the RVT method, the rates of the change in light intensity at different spatial positions with the concentration of the investigated composition are firstly sampled. Then, based on the sampled changing rates of light intensity, the absorption coefficients, which are used as new response variable, are calculated using the inverse adding-double (IAD) algorithm. Finally, through the partial least squares (PLS) regression, the calibration models for the investigated compositions are established using these new response variables. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, the RVT method is applied to reduce the effect of scattering during the process of composition concentration measurement in milk. First, the relationships between the absorption coefficient and the concentrations of major compositions including fat and protein are analyzed. Then, with Monte Carlo simulations for different concentration levels of fat and protein, the influence of scattering on the relationship between the absorbency and the concentration is investigated and verified. Finally, for comparison, both the RVT method and the traditional preprocessing techniques are used to reduce the effect of scattering during the process of prediction model establishment. Experimental results showed that the prediction precision for fat and protein with the RVT method is increased by up to 33.9% and 46.5% than that with multiplicative signal correction (MSC) algorithm, and the prediction precision for fat and protein with the RVT method is increased by up to 55.9% and 33.7% than that with standard normal variate (SNV) algorithm, which also indicates that the RVT method is an effective method for eliminating the interference of scattering in the NIR spectroscopy measurement.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of survivin antisense oligodeoxynuleotides (ASODN) mediated by polyethylenimine (PEI) on hepatocelluar carcinoma SMMC-7721 cell proliferation and its effect on chemosensitivity to 5-FU in tumor-bearing mice., Methods: The inhibitory effect of PEI-ASODN on SMMC-7721 cell proliferation was assayed by WST-8 test, Trypan blue exclusion test, and cell clone formation assay. In mouse models of transplanted H22 cell hepatocarcinoma and ascites tumor, the effect of 5-FU combined with PEI-ASODN on the weight and volume of the subcutaneous tumors was examined. The tumor inhibition rate in the tumor-bearing mice was calculated and the average survival time recorded., Results: SMMC-7721 cells incubated with different concentrations of PEI-ASODN for 48 h showed significantly reduced cell proliferation in comparison with the control cells, while PEI or ASODN alone produced no such inhibitory effect. Incubation of SMMC-7721 cells with 0.75 micromol/L PEI-ASODN for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h resulted in significantly suppressed cell proliferation, and a 7-day incubation of the cells with PEI-ASODN at different concentrations (0.25-0.75 micromol/L) significantly inhibited the cell clone formation. In the tumor-bearing mice, the tumor weight and volume were obviously reduced with a tumor inhibition rate of 56.91% and volume inhibition rate of 57.83%, significantly different from those in saline-treated mice (P<0.01). In the mice bearing ascites tumor, the average survival time was 22.0 days in saline group and 42.7 days in 5-FU+PEI-ASODN treatment group, showing a a life-prolonging rate of 94.09% in the latter group. A synergetic effect was noted between 5-FU and PEI-ASODN., Conclusion: PEI-ASODN complex can significantly inhibit the proliferation of hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells and enhance 5-FU chemosensitivity of the tumor cells in vitro and transplanted H22 tumors in mice.

Objective: To facilitate early recognition of ominous clinical manifestations, to understand pathophysiology and assess treatment effects in patients with severe enterovirus 71 (EV71) associated hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)., Method: A retrospective analysis was performed based on the clinical records, laboratory data and treatment effects which were collected from twelve severe EV71 infected cases from nine hospitals in 2008, in Hubei province, China., Result: Of the 12 severe cases, ten (83.3%) were male and two female. The median age was 1.96 yrs (8 m to 7 yrs). The mean hyperthermic duration was 6 days with the peak temperature over 38.5 degrees C, and mean rash duration was 7 days. Fever and rash emerged simultaneously in 4 of 5 cases with cardiopulmonary failure. The severe complications included encephalitis (10 cases), pulmonary edema or hemorrhage (5 cases). Eleven cases were checked with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and four cases showed characteristics of encephalitis or meningitis, two with images of naso sinusitis and ethmoid-mastoid inflammation. Chest X-ray examination showed with pulmonary edema on single or both sides (5 cases), bronchitis (4 cases), and normal image (3 cases). There was no specific finding in the cardiac ultrasound and electrocardiogram in any of the patients, as well as the white blood cell count, blood glucose, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and D-dimer. Cerebrospinal fluid showed aseptic meningitis with the increase of cell count in 7 cases. All patients were treated with antibiotics and/or antivirals, such as cephalosporins, ribavirin etc. Eleven patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (total dose 2 - 4.5 g/kg) for 2 - 5 days, and the highest blood concentration of immunoglobulin was detected increasing at 7 g/L. Seven cases were also treated with methylprednisolone 10 - 30 mg/(kg x d), four with dopamine, dobutamine, or digitalis. In addition, by using continuous positive airway pressure by nasal catheter and maintenance of circulation in the cases with cardiopulmonary failure could not relieve the symptoms of dyspnoea, and mechanical ventilation was required to maintain for a mean of 72 hrs (24 - 96 hrs). Except one case died of pulmonary edema in the early stage, others were cured without sequelae., Conclusion: Severe EV71 infection is more common in children younger than 3 years old, in which the profound complications include encephalitis and pulmonary edema. The mechanical ventilation should be critically urged for child with complicating cardiopulmonary failure as soon.

The complicated compositions of Case II waters result in the complex properties of spectral curves. The present paper analyzed the in situ measurements data of spectral curves, and further realized the relationships between the properties of spectral curves and suspended sediment concentration. The study found that the max peak of spectral curves was moving to the direction of shortwavelength as increasing suspended sediment concentration, namely the blue shift of wavelength; the area enclosed by spectral curve and coordinate axis in the range of sensitive bands had preferably linear relationship with the suspended sediment concentration (curve area model); the trapezoidal area model which was an approximation of curve area model could also excellently reflect those relationships, and be greatly suitable for multi-spectral satellite imagery retrieval such as LandSat/TM, MODIS and so on. The inversion results of trapezoidal area model for LandSat/TM imagery on October 27, 2003 in Taihu Lake showed that the suspended sediment concentration ranged from 30 to 80 mg x L(-1), the distribution pattern was higher in the west, south and central lake and lower in the east lake; compared with the in situ measurements in the regions, and the relative error of retrieval model was 6.035%.

Objective: To explore the reliability and validity of the Children's Impact of Event Scale (Chinese version, CRIES-13) and to determine the value and the optimal cutoff point of the score of CRIES-13 in screening posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), so as to provide evidence for PTSD prevention and identify children at risk in Wenchuan earthquake areas., Methods: A total of 253 children experienced the Wenchuan earthquake were tested through Stratified random cluster sampling. The authors examined CRIES-13's internal consistency, discriminative validity and predictive value of the cut-off. PTSD was assessed with the DSM-IV criteria. Area under the curve while sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were computed based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Optimal cutoff point was determined by the maximum of Youden index., Results: 20.9% of the subjects were found to have met the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD 7 months after the Wenchuan earthquake accident. The Cronbach's coefficient of CRIES-13 was 0.903 and the mean inter-item correlation coefficients ranged from 0.283 to 0.689, the correlation coefficient of the three factors with the total scale scores ranged from 0.836 to 0.868 while the correlation coefficient among the three factors ranged from 0.568 to 0.718, PTSD cases indicated much higher scores than non-PTSD cases, the Youden index reached maximum value when the total score approached 18 in CRIES-13 with sensitivity and specificity as 81.1% and 76.5% respectively. Consistency check showed that there were no significant differences between the results of CRIES-13 score >/= 32 and clinical diagnosis (Kappa = 0.529) from the screening program., Conclusion: CRIES-13 appeared to be a reliable and valid measure for assessing the posttraumatic stress symptoms among children after the earthquake accident in the Wenchuan area. The CRIES-13 seemed to be a useful self-rating diagnostic instrument for survivors with PTSD symptoms as a clinical concern by using a 18 cut-off in total score. Consistency check showed that there was no significant difference between the screening result of CRIES-13 score >/= 32 and clinical diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of survivin antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) mediated by polyethylenimine(PEI) on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells, and assess its detect on the chemosensitivity of the cells to 5-FU., Methods: The inhibitory effect of PEI-ASODN on SMMC-7721 cell proliferation was assessed using WST-8 test, trypan blue staining, and cell clone formation test. In mice bearing transplanted hepatocarcinoma and ascites tumor derived from H22 cells, 5-FU combined with PEI-ASODN was administered, and the weight and volume of the subcutaneous tumors were measured to calculate the tumor inhibition rate, and the average survival time of the mice was calculated., Results: Incubation of the cells with different concentrations of PEI-ASODN for 48 h significantly inhibited the cell proliferation as compared with the control group, but PEI or ASODN alone produced no significant inhibitory effects. At 24, 48, 72, 96 h of incubation of the SMMC-7721 cells with 0.75 micromol/L PEI-ASODN, the cell proliferation was suppressed significantly, and incubation with PEI-ASODN at 0.25-0.75 micromol/L for 7 days resulted in significantly inhibited cell clone formation. No significant inhibition was detected in ASODN and PEI group. The tumor weight and volume were reduced in all the treated groups. The tumor inhibition rate was 56.91% and volume inhibition rate was 57.83% in 5-FU+PEI-ASODN group, significantly different from those in the normal saline group (P<0.01). In mice bearing ascites tumor, the average survival time was 22.0 days in saline group, and 42.7 days 5-FU+PEI-ASODN group. The life-prolongation rate of 5-FU+PEI-ASODN was 94.09% when compared with the survival time in saline group. A cooperative effect was detected between 5-FU and PEI-ASODN., Conclusion: PEI-ASODN complex can significantly inhibit the proliferation of hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells and enhance the chemosensitivity of the tumor cells to 5-FU.

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is vital in evolutionary biology. To reconstruct a reliable species phylogeny, one of the most important issues is to choose proper molecular markers and take full advantage of phylogenetic information contained in these markers. Intra-individual allele heterozygotes (IIAHs) have been commonly detected in intron phylogenetic studies. How to incorporate IIAHs into phylogenetic framework has been a focus in current studies. In this review, the conception, isolation, and analytic methods of IIAHs in phylogeny were summarized.

A new hybrid algorithm (NOSC-NPLS), the combination of multi-way orthogonal signal correction (N-OSC) algorithm and multi-way partial least squares (N-PLS) algorithm, is proposed. In NOSC-NPLS algorithm, the 3-D spectral matrix was firstly constructed, which is composed of the temperature information and the NIR spectrum. Secondly, the N-OSC algorithm was used as a pretreatment algorithm to remove the interference information irrelevant to analyte in 3-D spectral matrix. Finally, the N-PLS algorithm was applied to develop the calibration model based on the pretreated 3-D transmission spectral matrix and content matrix of major components in milk. In order to evaluate the performances of conventional algorithms and multidimensional calibration algorithms on suppressing the effects of temperature variation, a batch of milk samples at temperature of 25, 30, 35 and 40 degrees C were measured in the wavelength range from 1,100 to 1,700 nm and the experimental results were investigated. It was found that the conventional algorithms, which could not suppress the effects caused by temperature variation, failed to obtain satisfactory results. However, compared with these algorithms, the experimental results showed that the NOSC-NPLS algorithm can effectively eliminate the effects of temperature variation and also can help achieve the analytic models with better prediction ability and robustness.

Objective: To establish stable expressing system of Borna disease virus (BDV) phosphoprotein in PC-12 cells, and then study its influence on cell proliferation of PC-12 cells., Method: An expression plasmid with green fluorescence protein was cloned and identified to express BDV phosphoprotein. Cultured PC-12 cell was transfected with the recombinant plasmid by positive ion lipidsome method. Fluorescence microscopy was used to detect the expression of phosphoprotein in PC-12 cells, then G418 was added into cell culture medium to kill cells without recombinant plasmid. We performed reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the 10th generation of treated cells to examine the expression of BDV phosphoprotein. The proliferation of treated cells and control cells was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MT)., Result: The recombinant plasmid was confirmed to be able to express BDV phosphoprotein and green fluorescence protein by both fluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR. BDV phosphoprotein expressed in PC-12 cell inhibited cell proliferation., Conclusion: We established a stable expressing system of BDV phosphoprotein in PC-12 cell. This cell model can be used to study the effect of BDV phosphoprotein on the centre nervous system without exposure to live virus.

Objective: To study the apoptotic effect and mechanisms of methylmercury (MeHg) on HL-7702 cell line in vitro., Methods: In this study, the cell apoptosis was observed by AO/EB method and FCM method; the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by FCM; and the expression of proteins related to apoptosis was measured by immunocytochemical method., Results: After exposure to MeHg for 24 h in different doses, apoptotic rate ascended with the increasing of MeHg concentration. By AO/EB method, cell apoptotic ratio of negative control group was (2.62 +/- 0.19)%, cell apoptotic ratio of 10-50 micromol/L exposure groups were (7.97 +/- 0.64)%, (12.66 +/- 0.76)%, (19.16 +/- 0.87)%, (18.42 +/- 0.88)%, and (11.52 +/- 0.63)%, there were significant differences between the exposure and negative control groups (q values were 17.057, 32.009, 52.732, 50.373, 28.375; P<0.05). Mitochondrial membrane potential descended with the increase of MeHg, mitochondrial membrane potential of negative control group was (10.23 +/- 3.43) mV, mitochondrial membrane potential of 10-50 micromol/L exposure groups were (3.25 +/- 0.66), (3.03 +/- 0.35), (1.68 +/- 1.26), (1.69 +/- 1.13) and (1.77 +/- 0.88) mV, and there was significant differences between exposure and negative control groups (q values were 9.569, 9.871, 11.722, 11.708, 11.598; P<0.05). The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, CytC, Caspase-3 and AIF enhanced with the increase of MeHg, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio also appeared a trend of increase. Bax expression integral optical density (IOD) of negative control group was (21295.86 +/- 1969.81), Bax expression IOD of 10, 20, 30 micromol/L groups were 42807.87 +/- 4416.64, 55651.65 +/- 4662.72, and 72708.56 +/- 910.10, there were significant differences in Bax expression between 10, 20, 30 micromol/L groups and negative control group (q values were 14.191, 14.320, 33.917; P<0.05); Bcl-2 expression IOD of negative control group was (12588.33 +/- 4091.02), Bcl-2 expression IOD of 10, 20, 30 micromol/L groups were 20539.16 +/- 4906.09, 23689.97 +/- 2281.42, and 28692.80 +/- 4655.86, there were significant differences in Bcl-2 expression between 10, 20, 30 micromol/L groups and negative control group (q values were 4.322, 6.035, 8.754; P<0.05); and AIF expression IOD of negative control group was (12942.72 +/- 457.94), AIF expression IOD of 10, 20, 30, 40 micromol/L groups were 16973.57 +/- 1922.87, 29998.91 +/- 6803.58, 52467.16 +/- 1916.25 and 106342.53 +/- 1273.19, there were significant differences in AIF expression between 20, 30 and 40 micromol/L groups and negative control group (q values were 11.449, 26.530, 62.692; P<0.05)., Conclusion: MeHg could induce apoptosis on HL-7702 cell line in vitro. The mechanisms could be related to mitochondrial pathway in apoptosis.

The potential of banana skin and corn cob as a support-substrate for the production of extracellular laccase by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (BKMF-1767) was investigated. The results indicate that laccase showed a maximum activity of 12.68 U/g when the proportion of banana skin and corn cob is 1:2 and the inducer is 0.4 mmol/L CuSO4. In addition, crude laccase enzyme shows degradation activity to pentachlorophenol (PCP) without redox mediator or with the redox mediator (ABTS) at a concentration of 5 mmol/L, and the degradation rates of PCP were 37.8% and 97% respectively after 6 h. The crude laccase was purified by treatment of (NH4)2SO4, and the purified laccase could make the degradation rate of PCP to 81.8% within 6 h.