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Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using surfactants to improve the particle size of Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides, and the optimal process conditions were obtained by single factor and response surface method. The structure of Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides before and after improvement was characterized by UV, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), particle size, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the optimal process conditions for improving the particle size of Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides were as follows: The surfactant was Tween-80, the concentration was 0.5%, the vortex time was 16 s, and the pH was 5.67, under these conditions, the particle size of Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides was 6.19±0.14 nm. FT-IR analysis showed that the modification with surfactants did not change the structure of Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides. The UV spectrum showed a slight fluctuation at 280 nm, which might be attributed to the UV absorption of surfactants in this wave band. The particle size analysis showed that the grain size of improved Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides decreased significantly compared with unimprovement. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the improved Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides exhibited a more ordered spherical structure and more uniform sizes. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of a polysaccharide system with controlled particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the functional effects of superfine grinding treatment on Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua powder, in this study, the sample was ground and sieved by pharmacopoeia test sieves (50, 100, 200 and 325 mesh) to prepare P. cyrtonema Hua powder with different particle sizes. Its physical properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process was simulated. The results showed that the particle size of P. cyrtonema Hua powder exhibited a significant difference (P<0.05) following grinding and sieving treatment. The grinding process only destroyed the surface structure of the powder, but did not destroy the molecular structure of the powder. The angle of repose and solubility of P. cyrtonema Hua powder exhibited a continuous increase with decreasing particle size, while bulk density, wettability and water holding capacity showed a decreasing trend. Additionally, the polysaccharide content of the sample with 200 mesh (15.37%) was significantly higher than that of other samples (P<0.05). Moreover, the polysaccharide release content of the powder with 200 mesh (75 μm, ultrafine powder I) during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was higher than that of other powders. Ultrafine powderI also had a certain antioxidant ability. In summary, when the powder of P. cyrtonema Hua is sieved by 200 mesh sieve, the content of polysaccharide released is the highest. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of P. cyrtonema Hua powders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the stability of hydraulic fluid and ensure the reliability of hydraulic support following the machine, oleic acid from four manufacturers and the influence on the particle size of hydraulic fluid containing modified oleic acid were studied・ The composition of each oleic acid was analyzed by GC-MS, and oleic acid was modified by alcohol amine and polyethylene glycol respectively. The lubricity, surface tension, pH value, conductivity, Zeta potential and particle size of modified oleic acid in aqueous solution, as well as the particle size of hydraulic fluid containing modified oleic acid in different liquid concentrations were investigated・ The results show that oleic acid modified by alcohol amine can precipitate in 500 mg/L artificial hard water, but oleic acid modified by polyethylene glycol can not precipitate・ Oleic acid modified by PEG with less impurity content had higher surface tension, higher Zeta potential and smaller particle size. The diameter of the hydraulic fluid prepared by using polyethylene glycol modified oleic acid is smaller than that prepared by using alcohol amine modified oleic acid, the average diameter is less than 100 nm, and the hydraulic fluid has stronger filter-ability and higher stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Power Generation Technology is the property of Power Generation Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the effect of particle size on the thermodynamic characteristics and limiting parameters of coal spontaneous combustion, the oxidation process of coal samples of five different particle sizes (0-

To investigate the functional effects of superfine grinding treatment on Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua powder, in this study, the sample was ground and sieved by pharmacopoeia test sieves (50, 100, 200 and 325 mesh) to prepare P. cyrtonema Hua powder with different particle sizes. Its physical properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process was simulated. The results showed that the particle size of P. cyrtonema Hua powder exhibited a significant difference (P

Using surfactants to improve the particle size of Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides, and the optimal process conditions were obtained by single factor and response surface method. The structure of Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides before and after improvement was characterized by UV, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), particle size, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the optimal process conditions for improving the particle size of Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides were as follows: The surfactant was Tween-80, the concentration was 0.5%, the vortex time was 16 s, and the pH was 5.67, under these conditions, the particle size of Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides was 6.19±0.14 nm. FT-IR analysis showed that the modification with surfactants did not change the structure of Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides. The UV spectrum showed a slight fluctuation at 280 nm, which might be attributed to the UV absorption of surfactants in this wave band. The particle size analysis showed that the grain size of improved Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides decreased significantly compared with unimprovement. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the improved Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides exhibited a more ordered spherical structure and more uniform sizes. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of a polysaccharide system with controlled particle size.

A large number of waste brewer’s spent grains (BSGs) have been produced every year in brewing industry of China, which have the advantages of high volatile matter content and low sulfur content, especially suitable for being utilized as gasification raw materials. Fluidized-bed gasifiers are famous for their excellent gas-solid mixing and temperature uniformity. Therefore, it is of great significance to realize the resource use and energy utilization of BSGs by fluidized-bed gasification. In order to investigate the effects of particle sizes on gas-solid flow behavior and gas production in the fluidized-bed gasification of BSGs, the numerical simulations of the gasification of BSGs in a bubbling fluidized-bed gasifier with air and water vapor as gasification agents were performed, based on computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) method. The effects of bed-materials particle sizes and BSGs particle sizes were both studied. The distribution of particle volume fraction, the particle distributions of BSGs and bed materials, and the mole fractions of main gas components were obtained by the CPFD numerical simulation. An experimental apparatus for bubbling fluidized-bed gasification was used to study the effects of bed-materials particle sizes and BSGs particle sizes on the volume fractions of main gas components in the product gas, which validated the numerical simulation results. The results showed that the increases of bed-materials particle sizes were not conductive to adequate fluidization and particle mixing, which made the temperature distribution uneven along the height. The increases of bed-materials particle sizes were also not conductive to the intensive mixing of carbon particles and water vapor, and the uniform heat absorption or heat release of gas-solid reaction and gas-phase reaction, resulting in a significant reduction of H2 mole fraction. The appropriate increases of BSGs particle sizes helped to prolong their residence time in the gasifier, thus improving the reaction conversion rate between solid carbon and water vapor or carbon dioxide, and generating more H2 and CO. However, excessive large BSGs particle sizes caused the poor mixing of BSGs and bed materials, which reduced the specific surface areas of BSGs, and were not conducive to the pyrolysis and gasification reaction, leading to the reduction of the molar fractions of combustible components such as H2, CO, CH4 and NH3.

Ferrosilicon, ferrosilicon aluminum, and ferro-nickel magnetic powder cores were selected, and the effects of composition, particle size, and melting vacuum on the loss of magnetic cores were studied in this paper. The results show that, with the increase of Si content (mass fraction) in ferrosilicon magnetic powder cores, the core loss decreases gradually. When the magnetic powder core permeability is controlled at 60, the core loss is reduced to 380 mW·cm−3 under 50 kHz and 0.1 T test conditions, and to 140 mW·cm−3 under 20 kHz and 0.1 T test conditions, and the DC bias reaches 72%. For the ferro-nickel magnetic cores, the smaller the particle size, the lower the loss of ferro-nickel magnetic cores. The iron-nickel magnetic cores prepared by Fe–50%Ni powders in −400 mesh with the controlled magnetic core permeability of 60, the core loss is reduced to 120 mW·cm−3 under 50 kHz and 0.1 T test conditions, and to 320 mW·cm−3 under 100 kHz and 0.1 T test conditions, and the DC bias reaches 86%. For the ferrosilica-aluminum magnetic powder cores, the better the vacuum degree, the lower the loss of magnetic powder cores. Under the vacuum degree of 5 Pa, the permeability of the controlled magnetic powder cores is 60, the core loss is reduced to 65 mW·cm−3 under 50 kHz and 0.1 T test conditions, and to 180 mW·cm−3 under 100 kHz and 0.1 T test conditions, and the DC bias reaches 55%.

ObjectivesDue to the fact that the actual operation of the thermal power plant uses high moisture lignite, problems such as blockage and adhesion often occur during coal transportation. Therefore, this article uses EDEM software for numerical simulation analysis based on these problems.MethodsThrough the investigation and analysis of on-site coal samples, in the simulation process, the particle size, moisture content, and total flow of coal were mainly analyzed, and its impact on the fluidity of coal was exploved. After numerical simulation analysis, the effects of various factors were compared using flow velocity and forces between particles.ResultsThe main reasons for blockage are as follons: firstly, the relative interaction between coal particles during the flow process in the silo is caused by the coal particle size being too large or too small; Secondly, as the amount of coal increases, the flow state of coal in the warehouse changes from overall flow to central flow; The last and most important factor is the moisture content of coal, which not only affects its own adhesion but also increases its own weight. Therefore, excessive moisture can cause slow flow and blockage.ConclusionsThe research results can provide theoretical support for solving the problem of coal blockage in coal-fired power plants.

[Objecttives] The influence of moisture in raw coal, particle size and coal bunker material on the fluidity of raw coal was studied to find out the main reasons for coal clogging in raw coal bunkers.MethodsA raw coal flowability experimental device was designed and built to conduct flowability experiments on raw coal with different moisture and particle sizes, and flow characteristics diagrams were drew to obtain the effects of various factors on raw coal flowability.ResultsThe greater the moisture in the raw coal, the more right the broken line in the flow characteristic diagram is, the less the falling mass, the worse the mobility, and the greater the rotation angle required for complete falling.The difference in the initial position of coal falling is due to the difference in static friction between different particle sizes, resulting in different repose angles. At the same time, the decrease in moisture will reduce the friction force and increase the falling mass. The liquidity bend line of polytetrafluoroethylene material is located at the front, and the friction coefficient at the bottom is small. At the same angle, the mass drops more and the mobility is enhanced.ConclusionsMoisture plays a key role in the fluidity of raw coal, the influence of particle size on the fluidity of raw coal is weak, and only the interaction with moisture can have a great influence on the fluidity of raw coal. Material also has a greater impact on the fluidity of raw coal, but when the moisture is low, the impact can be ignored.

【Objective】The deposition and decomposition of solid particles in aquaculture wastewater will lead to the deterioration of aquaculture water and affect the health of fish. The study was conducted to understand the sedimentation rule of solid particles in aquaculture wastewater of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its influence on the aquaculture water body, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development and design of aquaculture wastewater treatment system.【Method】The aquaculture wastewater of Nile tilapia pond was treated by static sedimentation. Samples of aquaculture wastewater at different depths were collected at different sedimentation times, and the particle size distribution, soluble organic components and water quality indexes of aquaculture wastewater were analyzed.【Result】Static sedimentation had no significant effect on the quality of aquaculture wastewater (P > 0.05), and only reduced the mass concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in aquaculture wastewater surface. Suspended solids and algae in aquaculture wastewater could be separated by static sedimentation (P < 0.05). After static sedimentation for 5.0 h, the TSS, chlorophyll a mass concentration, turbidity and chromaticity of two-meter-high water decreased by 3 854 mg/L, 42 mg/L, 0.23 NTU and 309 degrees respectively, and the TSS and chlorophyll a mass concentrations in aquaculture water decreased with the extension of sedimentation time. The results of particle size distribution showed that the settleable particles larger than 100 μm could be effectively separated by static sedimentation, but the fine particles lower than 30 μm could not be separated. The sedimentation velocity of solid particles was related to its particle size distribution range and mass concentration. The sedimentation velocity of solid particles decreased with the decrease of particle size distribution range and the increase of mass concentration. The results of three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum showed that the soluble organic compounds in the wastewater of Nile tilapia were mainly fulvic acid-like, and the soluble organic components in the wastewater could not be completely changed by static sedimentation.【Conclusion】Short time static sedimentation can effectively remove settleable particles in aquaculture wastewater, and the mass concentrations of TSS and chlorophyll a decrease with the extension of sedimentation time. However, static sedimentation cannot completely change the soluble organic components in the wastewater, nor can it significantly reduce the mass concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in aquaculture wastewater.

This study investigates the influence mechanism of particle size and gas pressure on the dynamic diffusion law of CO2 in coal.We used a self-developed high pressure adsorption and desorption experimental system for coal seam to analyze the dynamic adsorption-diffusion characteristics before the adsorption equilibrium of gas in coal based on the volumetric adsorption experiment, which was combined with the classical single hole diffusion model to calculate the CO2 diffusion coefficient at different times.The results show that the adsorption equilibrium time is positively correlated with the coal particle size, and decreases with the increase of adsorption equilibrium pressure.Larger coal particle size would result in more obvious decreasing trend.The effective diffusion coefficient is found to be more effective than the diffusion coefficient in explaining the relationship between particle size and equilibrium time.Smaller particle size would result in higher effective diffusion coefficient and shorter adsorption equilibrium time.The effective diffusion coefficient shows a power function with time.The initial effective diffusion coefficient (De0) and effective diffusion attenuation coefficient (β) both decrease with the increase of particle size.De0 first increases and then decreases with the increase of equilibrium pressure, and the β exhibits varying relationships with the increase of equilibrium pressure depending on different particle sizes of the coal.Smaller particle size would result in better connectivity between the pores of coal, leading to shorter diffusion paths of gas molecules and lower diffusion resistance, thus more facilitated to adsorption.Gas pressure poses a driving effect on CO2 adsorption and diffusion, but with the continuous adsorption of coal samples, the coal matrix expands and blocks the pores, leading to a narrowing of the diffusion channel and diminished driving effects.

To optimize the resource utilization of walnut green husk and investigate the impact of grinding treatment on walnut green husk powder, this experiment was carried out to investigate the physical characteristics (particle size distribution, filling, flowability, water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, swelling capacity, and microstructure) and functional characteristics (active substance content, and antioxidant activity) in walnut green husk powders with varying particle sizes. The results demonstrated that the particle size of walnut green husk powder exhibited a significant difference (P

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Oilfield Chemistry is the property of Sichuan University, Oilfield Chemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Air quality is related to people’s life quality. Aerosols are receiving more and more attention because they can directly affect air quality. The research progress of the two important characteristics of aerosol concentration and particle size was summarized, which could promote the basic research and application in the field of ecological environment. The data acquisition, spatial and temporal distribution, influencing factors of atmospheric aerosol concentration and particle size were expounded systematically, and the research prospects were also proposed. With the development of science and technology, the aerosol ground monitoring method will be further optimized, remote sensing monitoring will be further applied. In particular, the accuracy of inversion would be further improved by two aspects of data source and inversion algorithm, and the application of multi-source big data would also be an important direction to promote aerosol research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous suspension of phase change material (PCM) microcapsules is a new kind of function material that has a bright application prospect in many fields such as the heat dissipation of electronic and electrical equipments, and the utilization of new clean energies. It shows an improved heat transfer performance since the PCM microcapsules can absorb lots of latent heat during solid-liquid phase transition in comparison with the base fluid. In this study, a new method of particle size control was introduced for optimizing the overall performance of microcapsule suspension in heat transfer and energy consumption. The PCM microcapsules composed of octadecane and melamine formaldehyde resin was synthesized by in-situ polymerization, and showed a uniform size distribution. These microcapsules were dispersed in the deionized water by adding a surfactant, and the resultant microcapsule suspension had a good stability. Investigation on the heat transfer of the aqueous suspension of PCM microcapsules in a circular tube was conducted, focusing on the effect of microcapsule size. It was found that as the size of microcapsules decreased from 20.0 μm to 2.6 μm, a 20.3% increase in Nussell number of microcapsule suspension and a 33.0% reduction in temperature rise of circular tube could be achieved. This finding confirmed that reducing the size of PCM microcapsules is a feasible and efficient way to improve the comprehensive heat transfer performance of microcapsule suspensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to deeply understand the multi-physical field coupling behavior inside the LIB(Lithium-Ion Battery) and better provide reference for the manufacturing and optimization design of the LIB, a more physically realistic coupled ETM(Electrochemical-Thermal-Mechanical) model of the LIB is established and solved in the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics by means of numerical simulation in the present study. The model takes into account the stress generation in both electrode and particle scales during battery operation, which solves the problem of difficult calculation of stress at the electrode level in previous models, and better correlates the relationship between stress and electrochemistry by considering the correction of stress on lithium diffusion and overpotential. Based on this model, the effect of different positive electrode particle sizes on the battery performance is discussed in the study. The numerical results show that the performance index of each physical field during the discharge of LIB is better and the energy density of the battery is improved when the positive electrode particle size is small, which proves that the use of smaller positive electrode particle size can improve the performance of LIB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Objective) This study aimed to investigate the effect of brown rice particle size on the quality of brown rice noodles. (Methods) Brown rice flours with average particle sizes (D(4,3)) of 370, 86, 62, 47, and 30 μm were prepared using low-temperature impact milling. Noodles were made from each flour, and their starch short-range ordered structure, crystalline structure, cooking quality, and texture properties were analyzed. (Results) Both the short-range order and relative crystallinity of starch in brown rice noodles first increased and then decreased with decreasing particle size. Hardness and chewiness also followed this trend. Noodles prepared from flour with a moderate particle size {D^4 3) of 86 μm) showed the highest starch order, crystallinity, hardness and chewiness, indicating optimal quality. (Conclusion) Moderate milling produces brown rice flour with an ordered structure, enhancing the hardness, chewiness and overall quality of brown rice noodles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Silicone Material is the property of Silicone Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】The deposition and decomposition of solid particles in aquaculture wastewater will lead to the deterioration of aquaculture water and affect the health of fish. The study was conducted to understand the sedimentation rule of solid particles in aquaculture wastewater of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its influence on the aquaculture water body, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development and design of aquaculture wastewater treatment system.【Method】 The aquaculture wastewater of Nile tilapia pond was treated by static sedimentation. Samples of aquaculture wastewater at different depths were collected at different sedimentation times, and the particle size distribution, soluble organic components and water quality indexes of aquaculture wastewater were analyzed.【Result】Static sedimentation had no significant effect on the quality of aquaculture wastewater (P>0.05), and only reduced the mass concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in aquaculture wastewater surface. Suspended solids and algae in aquaculture wastewater could be separated by static sedimentation (P<0.05). After static sedimentation for 5.0 h, the TSS, chlorophyll a mass concentration, turbidity and chromaticity of two-meter-high water decreased by 3 854 mg/L, 42 mg/L, 0.23 NTU and 309 degrees respectively, and the TSS and chlorophyll a mass concentrations in aquaculture water decreased with the extension of sedimentation time. The results of particle size distribution showed that the settleable particles larger than 100 μm could be effectively separated by static sedimentation, but the fine particles lower than 30 μm could not be separated. The sedimentation velocity of solid particles was related to its particle size distribution range and mass concentration. The sedimentation velocity of solid particles decreased with the decrease of particle size distribution range and the increase of mass concentration. The results of three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum showed that the soluble organic compounds in the wastewater of Nile tilapia were mainly fulvic acid-like, and the soluble organic components in the wastewater could not be completely changed by static sedimentation.【Conclusion】Short time static sedimentation can effectively remove settleable particles in aquaculture wastewater, and the mass concentrations of TSS and chlorophyll a decrease with the extension of sedimentation time. However, static sedimentation cannot completely change the soluble organic components in the wastewater, nor can it significantly reduce the mass concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in aquaculture wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Power Generation Technology is the property of Power Generation Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aerated subsurface drip irrigation (ASDI) can improve soil aeration, crop yield, water, and fertilizer use efficiency. In this study, a micronano-bubble generator was designed to stabilize the gas in water, according to the cyclonic shear fragmentation. A gas-liquid mixing flow was also introduced from the inlet runner tangent to the inner cavity. The ellipsoidal inner cavity was used to force the liquid into the cyclone and then spiral outward at the two ends of the spouting holes. As such, a shear effect was formed to crush the bubbles. A 4-factor and 3-level orthogonal test L9 (34) was designed to explore the effects of structural parameters on the generated bubbles and the performance of dissolved oxygen. The following specifications were: the major axis (40, 60, and 80 mm), the minor axis (30, 45, and 60 mm), the inlet diameters (8, 12, and 16 mm), and the spray holes diameter (2, 3, and 4 mm). High-speed photography, image processing, and nano-particle size analysis techniques were used to extract the features, such as the number, particle size, and uniformity of micro-nano-bubbles, in order to monitor the dissolved oxygen in water over time. The results show that the distribution of particle size was basically unchanged in the large bubbles from 60 to 250 μm with the operation of the device, while the average size of the small bubbles from 10 to 60 μm increased by 20% within 2 min of operation. Specifically, the large bubbles above 100 μm were basically dissipated, after the device was stopped for 1 min. Then the count of small bubbles below 60 μm in the water was reduced by about 70% after 3 min of stopping operation. The micro-nano-bubbles with diameters of less than 30 μm were finally suspended in the water. In addition, the performance of the device showed that the bubble generation during the operation depended the most significantly on the spray hole diameter and minor axis. The major axis shared the greatest effect on the average particle size and the uniformity of large bubbles above 60 μm in the water after operation, as well as on the number of small bubbles. The inlet diameter still reached a significant level, although there was the least effect on the number of microbubbles both during and after the operation. In addition, the nanoscale and microscale bubble generation behaved in the same way. Dissolved oxygen tests showed that the oxygen content in the water was divided into three stages: the oxygen enhancement during operation, the attenuation, and stabilization of dissolved oxygen. The inlet diameter dominated the increase and decay of dissolved oxygen. While the stabilized dissolved oxygen depended only significantly on the minor and major axes. The dissolved oxygen of the device was positively correlated with the bubble generation. The more the number of bubbles generated, the smaller and more uniform particle sizes were, and the better the performance of dissolved oxygen was. The dissolved oxygen was varied in water in the different stages, where the bubble indicators were generally consistent with the structural dimensions. Taking the high number of bubbles, small particle size, uniformity, and high dissolved oxygen as the objectives, the optimal combination of parameters was achieved in the 80 mm major axis, 45 mm minor axis, 12 mm inlet diameter, and 3 mm spray hole diameter. The finding can provide the equipment support to promote the application of ASDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To optimize the resource utilization of walnut green husk and investigate the impact of grinding treatment on walnut green husk powder, this experiment was carried out to investigate the physical characteristics (particle size distribution, filling, flowability, water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, swelling capacity, and microstructure) and functional characteristics (active substance content, and antioxidant activity) in walnut green husk powders with varying particle sizes. The results demonstrated that the particle size of walnut green husk powder exhibited a significant difference (P<0.05) following grinding and sieving treatment. The bulk density, water-holding capacity and oil-holding capacity of walnut green husk powder exhibited a continuous decrease with decreasing particle size. Conversely, the angle of repose and sliding angle showed an increasing trend. Additionally, the tap density tended to initially decrease and then increase, while the swelling capacity displayed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing. Fourier infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed no discernible damage to the molecular structure of the powder during the grinding process. In addition, the extract of the sample with 200 mesh showed significantly higher active substance content and antioxidant capacity than the other samples (P<0.05). Compared with the sample with 100 mesh, the contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, terpenoids and quinones were increased by 7.1%, 19.5%, 16.8% and 16.4%, respectively. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of micro grinding in walnut green husk processing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Components & Materials is the property of Electronic Components & Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is an article in the field of ceramics and composites. In order to study the adsorption effect of modified bentonite on heavy metal ions in sewage, the effects of pH value, initial concentration, time, solid-liquid ratio, temperature and particle size on the adsorption effect of bentonite were analyzed. And microscopic means were used to study the changes of the internal mineral composition of the bentonite before and after the adsorption of heavy metal ions and the change law of the infrared spectra. The results showed that when the modified bentonite content was 0.2 g, the adsorption time was 1.5 h, the temperature was set to 40 ℃, the pH value was set to 6, the initial concentration was set to 200 mg/L and the solid-to-liquid ratio was set to 0.8 g/L, the adsorption effect was the best. After the modified bentonite had undergone an adsorption test, an obvious CuSO4 diffraction peak could be detected. However, other mineral components inside the modified bentonite remained unchanged, which also showed that the modified bentonite could effectively adsorb copper ions in sewage.

In order to explore the effects of grinding strength on the physicochemical properties and protein extraction of rapeseed meal powder, cryogenic superfine milling was used to prepare six kinds of rapeseed meal powders according to the grinding time (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 60 min), namely SGR-5, SGR-10, SGR-15, SGR-20, SGR-30, SGR-40, SGR-60, and conventional crushing one was used as a control, named GR. The results showed that the structure of the rapeseed meal powder was easily destroyed by a moderate superfine grinding compared with the conventional crushing, which was followed by a reduction in their particle size distribution, insoluble dietary fiber content, and water/oil holding capacity, thereby increasing the protein extraction rate. While the grinding process had almost no effect on their total dietary fiber content. Specially, a minimum particle size of the powder would be gotten when grinding for 40 min, about 16 μm (D50), and further grinding would cause the aggregation of powder particles. Moreover, 30 min of superfine grinding was the optimal condition for the extraction of rapeseed meal protein by alkali-extraction. In addition, the alkali pH was another important parameter for the extraction of rapeseed meal protein.

Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride composites were prepared under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. The effects of bonding agent ratio and cBN particle size on the composition, microstructure, microhardness, and abrasive ratios of the PcBN composites were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The experimental results showed that the PcBN composites performed better under sintering conditions of 5.5 GPa, 1400 ℃, and a 10-minute holding time, achieving a hardness of up to 22.7 GPa and an abrasion ratio of 149.2 at V(TiN0.3)∶V(AlN)=70∶30. Moreover, when the particle size combination of cBN in PcBN composites is (0.5～1) μm:(2～5) μm:(5～10) μm = 3:5:2, the packing density between particles reaches its peak, resulting in optimal performance.

In order to investigate the functional effects of superfine grinding technology on Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed, in this study, superfine grinding technology was used to prepare Zanthoxylum bungeanum superfine powder. The basic components, particle size, color, surface morphology, and the water/oil holding capacity, expansion force, compaction density were investigated and recorded using particle size analyzer, spectrophotometer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the soluble dietary fiber content of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed powder gradually increased with the decrease of particle size. In comparison with the conventionally produced powder, the size of superfine powder could decrease to 7.69 μm, along with a larger specific surface area and stronger powder uniformity. As the particle size decreased, the color of the superfine powder gradually increased in L*, a*, and b* values. After superfine grinding, the water-holing capacity, oil-holding capacity, and swelling capacity would increase to 1.65 g/g, 1.16 g/g, and 2.35 mL/g, respectively. In addition, angles of repose and slide increased butthe tap density exhibited the opposite tendency. SEM images revealed that fiber bundle could be more thoroughly crushed with grinding time. In summary, the uniform Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed powder with a smaller particle size, higher powder uniformity, more soluble dietary fiber and better hydration capacity can be prepared through superfine grinding. However, to some extent, superfine grinding will also decrease the density and fluidity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed powder.

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Studies on the biological effects of microplastics pollution on aquatic animals mostly focused on the ocean, but the potential effects on freshwater organisms are less known. In this study, the effects of polystyrene （PS） particles with different particle sizes （5 μm, 1 μm, 100 nm） on juvenile Chinese mitten crab （Eriocheir sinensis） were investigated. Hepatopancreas injury index: alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）; serum immune index; alkaline phosphatase （AKP）, acid phosphatase （ACP）; Oxidative stress index: malondialdehyde （MDA）, catalase （CAT）; and neurotoxicity index: acetylcholinesterase （AchE） were analyzed. The pathological changes of gills and hepatopancreas were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin （H. E） staining. The results showed that exposure to microplastics after 7 d, 100 nm group had significantly higher MDA content, CAT activity decreased significantly, the AKP activity of three treatment group were significantly lower, and 1 μm and 100 nm group of ACP activity was significantly reduced. The activities of AST, ALT and AchE gradually decreased with the decrease of particle size and the extension of exposure time. In conclusion, microplastics with different particle sizes caused varying degrees of hepatopancreas injury, oxidative stress and reduced immune capacity in crabs. The toxicity level was ranked as follows: 100 nm > 1 μm > 5 μm, indicating that the particle size was one of the most important factors affecting the health of Chinese mitten crabs. This study provides basic data and theoretical basis for further understanding the toxic effects of microplastics on freshwater crustaceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources / Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong is the property of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Industrial water glass was used as raw material and CO2 as precipitant, focusing on the research on the process conditions of carbonization reaction to prepare nano silica by carbonization. The average particle size and BET values of the prepared nano silica samples were taken as the main investigation indexes. 2%TTLY+1%TTLX was screened and determined as the more suitable compound dispersant; and the carbonization condition was optimized as: the mass concentration of SiO2 11%, the temperature of carbonization reaction 60 ℃, the modulus of water glass 3.3, and the initial content of Na2CO3 3%.The average particle size of the prepared nano silica sample was 23.43 nm, the BET values reached 422.77 m²/g, and the sample was an amorphous structure, with good particle size uniformity and dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to study the correlation between emulsion properties and microencapsulation rates and surface oil contents under different homogenization and sterilization conditions, the effects of emulsion stability, particle size, and particle size distribution on microencapsulation efficiency under different conditions were measured using a LUMiSizer 611 dispersion analyzer, and the morphological properties and storage stability of microcapsules under optimal conditions were analyzed. The results showed that the homogenization pressure and temperature and the sterilization conditions that provided the smallest emulsion stability index and average particle size were 40 MPa, 65 ℃ and 85 ℃/15 min, respectively. Under these conditions, particle size distribution was less scattered, and encapsulation rates of 95.38%, 97.12% and 94.23% were obtained, respectively. The average particle size of walnut oil microcapsules was 6.62 μm, with a surface oil content of 1.03% and an encapsulation rate of 96.41%. The surface and internal structure of the microcapsules were found to be good by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicating good encapsulation efficiency. Under accelerated storage conditions, walnut oil microcapsules showed better stability than free walnut oil. After 35 days of storage under different conditions, the reduction in the retention rate of walnut oil microcapsules varied, and the highest retention rate was achieved under the conditions of low temperature, darkness, and no oxygen or low oxygen concentration. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the selection and application of homogenization and sterilization processes for walnut oil emulsion and microcapsule products.

This is an article in the field of mineral processing engineering. According to the principle of mechanochemistry, the water-quenched silico-manganese slag is ground by vibrating mill. The effect of grinding time on the specific surface area, particle size distribution and activity evaluation of the water-quenched silico-manganese slag is studied, and the specific surface area is used. The specific surface area, particle size distribution, phase analysis and particle morphology of water-quenched silico-manganese slag powder were discussed with laser particle size analyzer, XRD and SEM and other characterization methods. At the same time, the water with different grinding time was also studied. Effect of silicomanganese slag powder as admixture on the compressive strength of geopolymers. The results show that with the extension of the grinding time, the particle size distribution of the silicomanganese slag gradually shifts to the left, the particle size is gradually refined, and the quartz phase gradually changes to an amorphous structure. From the perspective of cost, when the grinding time is 25 min and the specific surface area is 1.8281 m2/g as fly ash geopolymer admixture, the 28 d compressive strength can reach 26.79 MPa. And it is determined that the difficult-to-wear phase is the orthomanganese pyroxene crystal structure, and different manganese-containing phases.