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The article presents an experiment which aims to study the effects of dietary lead in organs and tissues organs of swine to identify the limit standard of lead content in its edible tissues. Young swine were slaughtered and lead content in various tissues were determined after 90 days of feeding lead to the swines in different doses. Results show increasing lead content in the tissues of the swine with the increasing concentrations of the fed lead.

This experiment was to study the constituents of the roots of Viburnum setigerum through various column chromatographic techniques. Thirteen compounds were obtained and their structures were identified using chemical and spectroscopic methods as (7αH, 8'αH)-4, 4', 8α-trihydroxy-3, 3', 9-trimethoxy-7, 9'-epoxylignan (1), (7αH, 8'αH)-4, 4', 8α, 9-tetrahydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7, 9'-epoxylignan (2), alashinol G (3), alashinol F (4), (-)-secoisolariciresinol (5), (7R, 7'R, 8R, 8'S)-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7, 7'-epoxylignane -4, 4', 9, 9'-tetraol (6), (7αH, 8αH, 8'βH)-4, 4', 7'α, 9-tetrahydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7, 9'-epoxylignan (7), loganin (8), dihydroquercetin (9), protocatechuic acid (10), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid (11), adoxoside (12), and catechin (13). Compound 1 was a new compound. Compounds 3-7 and 11 were reported from the genus Viburnum for the first time. All compounds were separated from this plant for the first time., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of tracing the geographical origin of beef with FT-NIR spectroscopy, set up the model for identifying the beef geographical origin, and validate the rate of discrimination. Fifty eight defatted beef samples from Jilin, Guizhou, Ningxia, and Hebei in China were dried and milled. Based on the NIR spectra of the pre-processing beef, the samples were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), and a qualitative model was established to do discriminant analysis and validated. The results showed that there were some differences in NIR spectra from different geographical origins, and the element contents in the beef samples were different from different locations. According to the Euclidean distance of NIR spectra, the geographical origin can be identified by cluster analysis. The distance of spectra is the shortest between the samples from Guizhou and Hebei province. Meanwhile there is a certain crossover. This model calibrated by 40 samples was used to predict the varieties of 18 unknown beef samples. The recognition rate of 100% was achieved. So applying FT-NIR fingerprint spectroscopy to trace geographical origin of beef is accurate, rapid and low-cost.