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Plant nuclear DNA content(2C-value)and ploidy level are important botanical characteristics which are powerful evidences for studies on population evolution, biosystematics and ecology. In order to determine the nuclear DNA content and ploidy level of Enkianthus Lour. from China, and to explore the difference of nuclear DNA contents between interspecies and intraspecies, we collected 60 samples from 23 populations, representing all six species of Enkianthus in subtropical areas of China, as experimental materials. We used Oryza sativa spp. japonica variety ‘Nipponbare' as an internal standard to determine their nuclear DNA contents by flow cytometry, and then the ploidy level was examined by referencing the 2C-value of a diploid species of E. serrulatus. In addition, the ploidy level was further verified by using traditional chromosome tableting technology. The results were as follows:(1)The mean nuclear DNA contents of Enkianthus species in China ranged from 1.77 to 5.62 pg.(2)Four species in Enkianthus sect. Enkianthus, E. quinqueflorus, E. serrulatus, E. serotinus and E. perulatus were diploid (2n=2x=22), and two species in Enkianthus sect. Racemus, E. chinensis and E. deflexus were tetraploid or hexaploid.(3) For diploid species, the nuclear DNA contents showed significant differences between interspecies and intraspecies(P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in tetraploid and hexaploid species(P>0.05). The results of this study provides reference for the future researches on phylogenetics, biogeography, domestication and genetic breeding of Enkianthus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat transformation was first initiated in 1992, and several studies were conducted to increase its efficiency; however, a very low probability of less than 0.3% was achieved. In 2011, the EU Commission announced a new plant breeding technology that modifies the DNA of seeds and plant cells to develop new varieties with desired characteristics. With the commercialization of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, a site-directed nuclease technology, the possibility of its application in agriculture has increased with the rapid development of the technology. Recently, genome editing studies have been conducted in wheat, and they have been used for the functional analysis of genes related to various agricultural traits. The wheat full-length genome information was released in the form of a draft sequence in 2018, belatedly in comparison to other crops owing to allohexaploidy and a large genome (17 Gb) size. The recent pre-harvest sprouting resistance wheat breeding material developed in Japan suggests that it is possible to rapidly develop breeding materials through precision breeding technology. Finally, it is necessary to systematically achieve the goal of optimizing agricultural traits of crops through precise breeding technology to increase the breeding accuracy of allohexaploid wheat and rapid genetic fixation using the reduction in generation technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant nuclear DNA content (2C-value) is a principal characteristic parameter to describe biodiversity of plant species. For better understanding the nuclear DNA information of this plant，the nuclear DNA content of Vaccinium bracteatum wdld plants wrere estimated by flow cytometry (FCM). In order to establish the optimal FCM method，young fresh leaves wrere taken as samples，and Oryza sativa subsp. japonica ‘ Nipponbare’ with knowrn nuclear DNA content wras set as internal standard. The nucleus of the mixed leaf cells wras isolated by GPB dissociation solution and stained wdth 50 xL • mL 1 propidium iodide (PI) wdth 5 min，then the PI emission fluorescence intensity wras measured by flow cytometry. The results were as follows： (1) The avemge nuclear DMA content of nine Facc/a/um plants was (1.22-0.03) pg, the minimum value was 1.18 pg and the maximum was 1.27 pg. (2)The results were similar to the nuclear DMA content of the known diploid plants of Vaccinium, and there wras no significant differences in DMA content of plants from different geographical origins (P > 0.05). It is speculated that these nine V. bracteatum plants are diploid plants. (3) The detected nuclear DMA contents (2C-value) of V. bracteatum can enrich the C-value database of Vaccinium. The nuclear DMA content detection method established based on FCM for V. bracteatum can provide reference for related research of other Vaccinium species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain die latest information and development research filed of DNA barcoding of plants, and to discuss its role in biodiversity conservation, we used bibliometrics, llisteite and Citespaces to analyze literatures of DNA barcoding in plants based on Web of Sciences database, and analyzed citation counts, research hot and research front visualization. The results were as follows; (1) The rate of contribution of literatures from Chinese, American, Canadian authors was the highest. Chinese institutions published literatures counted more than others countries, while literatures from American and Canadian institutions had much higher quality and influence. (2) This research field reached the peak at 2009, and the research front and hot focused on species identify and biodiversity application, find the suited can- didates DINA barcoding sequences and refining the identical technology. (3) Chinese authors played a leading role and had strength influence at DNA barcoding of plants. Chinese government encouraged traditional Chinese medicine industry to promote the development of DNA barcoding technology at China. But the quality and influence of published literatures had a gap between China and deve-loped countries, and Chinese institutions should increase cooperation with the developed countries institutions to promote itself research ability. It is very important that DNA barcoding technology at species identify and biodiversity conversation. Tomorrow’s outlook for plant DNA barcoding is to build a global plant DNA barcode library, new DNA markers and new sequencing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]