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In order to study the variation law of pressure in the directional long borehole, the pressure distribution model in the directional long borehole is deduced based on the mass and momentum analysis method and the similarity principle combined with the gas flow test of the PVC pipeline. The results show that: the velocity of the mainstream in the borehole is exponentially distributed along the length of the pipe, and the momentum exchange coefficient k is linearly related to the relative kinetic energy difference in the borehole; momentum exchange plays a decisive role in the total pressure loss, which cannot be reflected by the Bernoulli equation; the negative pressure in the borehole is proportional to the negative pressure at the orifice, and the loss of negative pressure in the hole has nothing to do with the negative pressure at the orifice; the negative pressure in the directional long drilling hole has an exponential relationship with the drilling depth; the presence of one hole diameter minimizes the negative pressure loss in 100 meters in long holes.

With Ni/CeO2 as an example, which has important applications in catalysis, 17O solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied to explore and analyze the concentration of surface Ni ions, according to the changes in the 17O NMR intensity of surface oxygen ions. The results indicate that the Ni concentrations in the first and second top metal ion layers in 10% NiCe-500 and 20% NiCe-300 are within the ranges of 9%~17% and 8%~15%, respectively. This approach may be extended to study the concentration of the doped paramagnetic elements in the surface for a variety of doped oxide materials.

Organic reef reservoirs in the platform margin of Kaijiang-Liangping trough in Damaoping area, Sichuan Basin are thin in single layer, fast in lateral variation, and have small P-impedance difference from the surrounding rock, it is difficult to identify and predict the reservoirs and fluid properties by conventional post-stack inversion. Through correlation analysis of core test data and logging P-S wave velocity, this work proposed a formula to calculate the shear wave velocity in different porosity ranges, and solved the issue that some wells in the study area have no S-wave data. AVO forward analysis reveals that formation porosity is the main factor affecting the variation of AVO type, the change of water saturation cannot affect the AVO type, but it has an effect on the change range of AVO. Through cross-plotting analysis of elastic parameters, it is found that fluid factor is a parameter sensitive to gas-bearing property of organic reef reservoir in the study area. By comparing results of post-stack impedance inversion, post-stack high frequency attenuation property, pre-stack simultaneous inversion and AVO anomaly analysis of angle gathers, it is found that the gas-bearing prediction of organic reef reservoirs by using fluid factor derived from simultaneous pre-stack inversion had the highest coincidence rate with actual drilling data. At last, according to the characteristics of fluid factor distribution, the favorable gas-bearing area of the organic reef reservoir in Changxing Formation was predicted, and the organic reef trap at the top of Changxing Formation in Block A of Damaoping area was sorted out as the next exploration target. Key words: Sichuan Basin, Permian Changxing Formation, organic reef, prestack inversion, S-wave estimation, rock physics, fluid factor, gas detection

In this paper, the effect of heat treatment on the structure and magnetic properties of the alloy is investigated by heat treating the melted Fe2Cr1-xMnxGa samples at different temperatures. It is found that the structure and magnetic properties of Fe2Cr1-xMnxGa are very sensitive to heat treatment and there is a certain degree of disorder. The structure of the prepared samples changes with different conditions of heat treatment, and the change in structure will in turn affect the magnetic behavior of the alloy. The magnetization intensity increases with increasing annealing temperature, indicating that the orderliness of the samples is improved by heat treatment. The magnetization intensity of the samples decreases with the doping of Mn content, which is due to the anti-parallel arrangement of the Fe-Mn spin magnetic moments by the doped Mn atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that most current researches on text semantic communication mainly rely on simulation system for theoretical verification, an extensible hierarchical semantic communication system was proposed by taking advantage of the separation of hierarchical encoding and decoding architecture in semantic level and grammatical level.The system was compatible with the reliable communication technology under the framework of Shannon information through the mode of semantic and syntactic separation, and realized the nested combination of semantic communication and traditional communication.Furthermore, a universal and extensible verification system was built based on the software radio platform to verify the proposed semantic communication system architecture.The verification system took semantic communication software platform as the driving core of hardware drive and algorithm call, integrated the whole process of signal generation, information transmission, data acquisition, decoding and evaluation at the receiving end, and could be further extended for semantic and syntactic level.Finally, the text semantic communication was tested based on this verification system, which verified that it had higher validity and reliability than the traditional communication mode.

A communication system based on extended contextual semantic features was proposed by using an end-to-end integrated design method based on deep learning.Unlike existing research that focused only on local context while neglecting global context, the proposed system integrated both local and global contextual knowledge, semantic encoding and decoding was utilized by extended contextual knowledge, thereby enhancing the reliability of the semantic communication system.At the transmitter, efficient semantic representation was achieved through extended contextual semantic encoding.At the receiver, the accuracy of semantic inference was improved by combining mechanisms such as historical communication text mining, contextual semantic feature learning, and heuristic graph-based decoding strategy.When comparing with the traditional communication system and the existing semantic communication systems, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system significantly improves the reliability of the communication system under low signal-to-noise ratio.

Study on the ignition characteristics of coal is the theoretical basis for realizing the high-efficient and clean utilization of coal. The alkali metals such as K and Na in coal are released into the gas phase during combustion and enter the system, which can easily cause high temperature corrosion of the reactor, fouling of the heating surface and slagging in the furnace. Based on the single-particle coal ignition detection platform, the ignition and alkali metal Na* and K* radiation characteristics of single-particle Yangchangwan (YCW) bituminous coal and Naomaohu (NMH) lignite during combustion were investigated under different oxygen volume flow rates. High-speed camera technology was used to capture the flame evolution process during single-particle coal ignition, and hyperspectral imaging technology was used to measure the spontaneous emission spectra of alkali metals Na* and K* in the flame to obtain the spatial release behavior of alkali metals. The results show that the ignition process of different types of coal is different. The enveloping flame is formed in the combustion process of volatile matter in the YCW coal particles, while the ignition reaction of the NMH coal is more intense without enveloping phenomenon due to its high volatile matter content, and the flame brightness in the whole ignition process is stronger than that of the YCW coal. The increase of oxygen can promote the ignition of coal particles, with the increase of oxygen volume flow, the ignition delay time of the YCW coal and the NMH coal decreases, and the ignition delay time of the NMH coal is smaller than that of the YCW coal. When the fire occurs, the flame brightness is the brightest, and the flame shape is relatively smooth and stable. The radiation characteristics of alkali metals Na* and K* in single-particle YCW coal and NMH coal during ignition and combustion are different from that in coke combustion process, in which the radiation intensity of Na* and K* is the strongest. Na* has a release peak both in the volatile reaction process and coke reaction process, but K* radiation intensity does not have an obvious release peak in the volatile reaction process and coke combustion process. When oxygen content increases, the release time of alkali metals from the YCW coal and the NMH coal is gradually advanced, and the beginning time of alkali metal radiation from the NMH coal is less than that from the YCW coal. In addition, the analysis of the ignition process of single-particle coal shows that the release intensity of alkali metals Na* and K* in the peripheral position of the combustion flame is stronger than that in the central position.

A series of Jurassic-type folds have continuously developed in the Mesozoic from the Sangzhi-Shimen area in northern Hunan. The analysis of the fold superimposition characteristics is of great significance to explore the deformation period and deformation mechanism of the Sangzhi-Shimen complex oblique folds, and also for the theoretical study of fold deformation controlled by faults. Based on the measurement of geological structure section and analysis of fold superimposition characteristics in Sangzhi-Shimen area, two fold structures in Indosinian and early Yanshanian were identified. The low-angle unconformity contact between the Jurassic and the Middle Triassic in the study area, and the high-angle unconformity contact between the Cretaceous and the Pre-Cretaceous reflect two deformation events of Indosinian and Early Yanshanian movement. It can be further inferred that the folds in the Sangzhi-Shimen area can be divided into two phases: the Indosinian movement and the early Yanshanian movement.The Indosinian fold axial trace mainly showed NEE to near EW; the early Yanshanian fold axial trace can be divided into two groups, one is NEE-near EW, the other is NNE. Two groups of early Yanshanian folds and pre Indosinian folds are superimposed to form two types of superposed folds, the enhanced type and the oblique limited type. The former is controlled by the inherited activities of the Indosinian NEE-near EW reverse fault; the latter is controlled by NNE trending reverse fault, which formed by NWW trending regional compressive stress in early Yanshanian, and it is limited by the pre NEE-near EW trending structure.This deformation mechanism well explains that the fold axis and thrust fault in the study area have no east or Southeast inclined polarity.

The communication security issue brought by smart substation is of great importance and should not be ignored in backbone optical networks.To solve this problem,firstly,the communication security challenges faced by optical networks in smart substation environment were analyzed,a signaling security optimization technique for optical networks for smart substation services was proposed.A so-called light-weighted security signaling scheme was designed to establish the end-to-end trusted connection.Under the environment of multi-domain communication services in smart substation,evaluation simulation for the signaling interaction was conducted.Simulation results show that the proposed approach can greatly enhance the security ability of multi-domain optical network with better performance in term of connection success rate.

The article discusses a study on establishing a sparse over-complete model of vehicle identification to detect high-speed vehicles and simulate the visual mechanism.

Chosen-message side-channel analysis attacks for public-key cryptosystems based on scalar multiplications was proposed, where special input point P is chosen to have the features of special y-coordinate to generate noticeable variations on power consumption or other side-channel information, between point doubling and addition operations, rendering distinguishable key bit information. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed chosen message with simple side channel analysis method could effectively generate the noticeable variations. The method applies to the prime filed ECC cryptographic algorithms.

Integrated access gateway northbound interface of Parlay X 2.0 interfaces were described in detail. The signaling procedures in Parlay X interfaces of value-added business platform were deeply analyzed and studied. It also took the MMS business processes as an example, which conducted CDR synthesis scheme in the Parlay interfaces service classification and process analysis with Hash indexing algorithm. The algorithm was tested and validated with capturing network data, which obtained good results.

A mapping relation model should be established between data value and power value which is collected from device under attack when the power analysis attack accuse.The sensitive information can be fund through the power trace analysis using this type of relation.Hamming distance model and hamming weight model were described based on device’s physical characteristics.Furthermore,the correctness of hamming weight model was proved not only by Formula Derivation,but also by experiment under power consumption collection platform based on MCU.The experimental results show that hamming weight model is a valid and practicable model in power analysis attack.

Background Medical work is characterized as challenging, tasking and stressful. The effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model suggests that if the organizational environment contributes to ERI, it can negatively affect employees. The investigation of medical staff is an important part of the 6th National Health Services Survey in 2018. The good job satisfaction and work conditions of medical staff are important determinants of service utilization and health improvement for the population. The sense of accomplishment and satisfaction of medical staff is also an important goal of the new healthcare reform. Objective To explore the relationship between ERI and job stress, and provide a reference for reducing the job stress of medical staff. Methods The data for this study were obtained from the results of a sample survey of 4 156 healthcare workers in Beijing during the 6th National Health Services Statistics Survey in 2018. A predictive structural equation model of job stress was constructed and based on ERI questionnaire and job stress questionnaire. Relevant parameters were estimated by using the partial least squares to analyze the relationship between ERI and job stress. Results The valid records for participating in the ERI index calculation were 4 098. According to the ERI index calculation results, 1 333 (32.53%) healthcare workers were in a state of balance between effort and reward, and 2 765 (67.47%) health workers were in a state of imbalance between effort and reward. The results of factor analysis showed that 46.00% of the job stress experienced by medical staff in Beijing can be attributed to ERI model. Extrinsic, intrinsic effort and work reward all had a direct impact on job stress (P

In order to find out the cause of corrosion perforation failure of N80 tubing in a shale gas well in Sichuan basin, the causes of corrosion and perforation of N80 tubing were systematically analyzed by macroscopic observation, physical and chemical properties examination, tissue analysis, scanning electron microscope observation and energy spectrum analysis, combined with field service conditions. Results showed that the physical and chemical properties and materials of the oil pipe met the requirements, and there were a large number of loose and porous corrosion products on the surface of the oil pipe, which existed in the form of FeCO3, FeS and CaCO3. Moreover, the aggregate of SRB bacteria could be observed, and EDS results suggested the surface corrosion products contained more S elements. Hence, the corrosion perforation of the tubing was mainly caused by microbial corrosion. The coupling effect of CO2 and high Cl- in oil-based drilling fluid accelerated the local corrosion perforation, and adding fungicides could inhibit microbial corrosions of tubing.

In this study, diatomite was used as an effective carrier for carvacrol to prepare an antibacterial complex, which was further incorporated into gelatin solution to obtain active composite films. The effect of the addition of the complex on the physical properties and antibacterial activity of gelatin based composite films was investigated. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy showed that carvacrol was successfully adsorbed to the pores and surface of diatomite. With increasing content of the complex, the thickness, elongation at break, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity increased, whereas the light transmission, moisture content, water solubility and tensile strength of the films decreased. Overall, the film with the complex added at 20% showed good performance, whose tensile strength and elongation at break were 15.13 MPa and 67.43%, respectively. The film scavenged 56.33% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, and the inhibition zone diameter of the film against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was 39.4 and 23.7 mm, respectively. More importantly, the gelatin film containing diatomite/carvacrol complex exhibited a much slower release rate of carvacrol and longer-acting antibacterial activity than the film containing the same content of carvacrol. These experimental results provide theoretical guidance and an experimental reference for using diatomite to carry carvacrol in developing antibacterial gelatin films with sustained release properties.

Offering the advantages of easy preparation and low cost, polymer systems account for many of the high-performance materials used in industry. With the widespread application of polymer materials, higher requirements for the properties of polymer products have been proposed. Recently, polymer-based functional composites have been a worldwide research focus, and the structure of the composites directly affects their properties. The special multilayer structure of shells and trees often brings excellent performance or special functions. Discussing the strength and toughness mechanism of natural materials helps guide new functional composite preparation. In recent decades, a novel micro/nano-lamination technology has attracted the interest of academia and industry. Micro/nano-lamination technology is a layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) technology, which can combine two or more types of polymers into tens of thousands of layers alternately arranged, and each microlayer thickness can reach nanometer level to form composite materials with an alternating layered structure. Compared with solution LbL assembly methods, such as dip coating, spin coating, and spray coating, it is a continuous melt processing technique that involves no solvent, which has the advantages of flexibility, versatility, economy, and eco-friendliness. Compared with the composites prepared by blending melt extrusion or with fewer layers, the shape memory properties, electrical properties, barrier properties, and mechanical properties of composites prepared by micro/nano-lamination technology are considerably improved. As an application of biomimetic materials in the polymer research field, multilayer alternating composites prepared using micro/nano-lamination have a special multilayer structure, rich layer interface, and micro/nano-scale layer confined space. The multilayer composites prepared by micro/nano-lamination have an important positive synergistic effect on mechanical properties, and the unique multilayer structure can adjust stress distribution, stress transfer, and microcrack propagation. In this paper, according to the research status of micro/nano-lamination, the principle and process of micro/nano-lamination are briefly introduced. The mechanical property enhancement mechanism of multilayer alternating composites is reviewed, including interlayer interface interaction, layer interface-induced crystallization, regulation of polymer phase morphology, regulation of the dispersion orientation of inorganic particles, and in situ fiber formation. Micro/nano-lamination technology can coordinate the properties of different materials, integrate the excellent properties of many types of polymer materials, and make composite materials with good comprehensive properties. This model of high-performance functional materials has a broad market application prospect.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect and inflammation inhibition mechanism of icariin (ICA) on lung injury in rat model with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (sham group), model group (SAP group, 5% sodium taurocholate was retrograde pumped into bile duct according to 0.1 mL/kg through micropump) and experimental group (ICA group, icariin 80 mg/kg intervention was given 2 hours before modeling). There were 6 rats in each group. Twenty-four hours after the establishment of the model, the inferior vena cava blood, pancreatic tissue and lung tissue were collected. The pathological injury of pancreas and lung was observed by HE staining; The activity of amylase, serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by ELISA; The expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in lung tissue was determined by immunohistochemical staining; And the ratio of phosphorylated JNK/JNK to phosphorylated NF-κB/NF-κB in lung tissue was measured by Western blot. Results The pathological scores of pancreas and lung in SAP group were significantly higher than those in sham group; And the pathological scores of pancreas and lung in ICA group were significantly lower than those in SAP group. Serum amylase activity, serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α content and the expression of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in lung tissue in SAP group were significantly higher than those in sham group; While serum amylase activity, serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α content and the expression of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in lung tissue in ICA group were significantly lower than those in SAP group. The level of phosphorylated JNK and phosphorylated NF-κB in lung tissue of SAP group were significantly higher than those of sham group; While icariin might significantly reduce the level of phosphorylated JNK and phosphorylated NF-κB in lung tissue. Conclusions ICA ameliorates lung injury in SAP rat model by inhibiting acute inflammation response,which is potentially mediated by JNK/NF-κB signal pathway.

Real-time strategy game online adversarial planning is a challenging problem in the field of multi-agent learning.In the process of game confrontation,in the face of an uncertain threat environment and non-stationary opponents,the agent needs to reason about the opponent’s actions within a limited time according to the game situation,make your own action plan quickly and perform adversarial planning in the huge state space and action space.The real-time strategy game platform is an ideal testbed for studying online adversarial planning problems.This paper firstly uses a typical real-time strategy game model to elicit the real-time strategy game confrontation problems,and classifies them into three levels and two operation control methods,and sorts out the five challenges faced from five sub-directions.Secondly,the current online adversarial planning methods are comprehensively reviewed and analyzed from three perspectives of tactical adversarial planning,strategic adversarial planning and mixed adversarial planning.Finally,the key issues that need to be studied in the future are pointed out from three key aspects:opponent and player modeling,human-machine collaborative online ad hoc planning,and learning-based planning.

Continuous glucose monitoring is important in the management of diabetes. According to statistics, diabetes is the third chronic non-infectious disease that seriously endangers people's health, followed by tumor as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In 2019, globally, there were a total of 460 million diabetics aged 20–79 years, which accounted for 9.1% of the total population in this cohort. Each figure is projected to increase to 592 million and by 10.1% respectively by 2035. Currently, the methods of blood glucose monitoring can be divided into invasive, minimally invasive, and noninvasive. The main methods for blood glucose monitoring include irregular sampling of fingertip blood or consecutive measurement of interstitial fluid glucose based on implantable sensors. However, these methods have some limitations, which include pain sensation, high cost, short service life, and susceptibility. Patients need to measure their blood glucose frequently. Invasive and minimally invasive monitoring will cause physical and psychological pain. Therefore, noninvasive monitoring is one of the most promising techniques for continuous monitoring of blood glucose, and it has a broad market prospect. In this study, the electrocardiogram (ECG signals) were used to achieve the noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose levels. First, 756160 ECG periodic signals of 12 volunteers for 60 d were obtained from the experiment. Second, the ECG signals were preprocessed using an infinite impulse response filter. Furthermore, a method combining convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks (CNN-LSTM) was proposed for blood glucose monitoring. In Addition, two modeling methods (individual modeling and group modeling) were investigated in this study. The results show that the precision of blood glucose monitoring under the condition of individual and group modeling is 80% and 88%, respectively. The F1-score of the group modeling can reach 0.95, 0.88, 0.91, 0.85, 0.92, 0.88, 0.86, 0.86, 0.87, and 0.86. Therefore, this study indicates that the proposed method based on ECG signals can provide powerful theoretical support and technical guidance for real-time and accurate blood glucose monitoring.

With the development of material design theories and synthesis technologies, clay-based composite materials have been controllably prepared and successfully applied in many fields, such as biomedicine, the automotive industry, petrochemical engineering, and wastewater treatment. To date, for the preparation of clay-based composite materials, the physical and chemical properties of clay must be fully considered, including the chemical composition, crystal structure, particle size, morphology, and surface charge. Halloysite, which has a tubular crystal structure, is a curly layered aluminosilicate clay with abundant reserves and a low price for constructing composite materials. The inner and outer surfaces of halloysite nanotubes are composed of Al−OH octahedrons and Si−O tetrahedrons, respectively, which ionize in opposite ways in water, resulting in opposite charges on the inner and outer surfaces. Therefore, the selective modification of halloysite can be achieved by chemical or electrostatic adsorption of the required chemical reagent. Additionally, the modified halloysite nanotubes can be used in catalysis and the loading and release of drug molecules. Moreover, because of its nanotube structure, the halloysite can be used to construct rough structures in micro- or nano-scale. By incorporation with low-surface-energy materials, the hydrophobic halloysite-based composite materials can be prepared for self-cleaning and oil-water separation. In this review, we introduced the rational design and preparation strategies of the hydrophobic halloysite-based composite materials. Then, we summarized the applications of these prepared composite materials in oil-water separation, hydrophobic self-cleaning coating, and the loading and sustained release of drug molecules. In addition, the related mechanisms and strategies for performance improvement were systematically discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and promising future directions in this research field were proposed. The halloysite-based composite materials have enhanced properties that are highly required, including enhanced mechanical and adhesive strength, excellent scratch and wear resistance, self-healing, and higher compatibility with living organisms. We believe fruitful promising results can be achieved in this field with more effort.

Objective To study the expression of the three autophagy-associated proteins, BECN1, LC3 and p62, after the injury of the skeletal muscle of rats and to explore its application in differentiation between antemortem and postmortem injury. Methods The 72 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the undamaged control group, the antemortem injury group （0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h and 24 h） and postmortem injury group （0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h）. A model of the injured right hind limb of rats was constructed. The expressions of the autophagy-associated proteins, BECN1, LC3-2/LC3-1 and p62, in the control group, the antemortem injury group and postmortem injury group were detected by Western blotting method. The data were respectively centralized and standardized and the orthogonal partial least square-discrimination analysis （OPLS-DA） identification model of antemortem and postmortem injury groups was constructed. Results The expression of BECN1, p62 protein and LC3-2/LC3-1 after the injury of the skeletal muscle of the rats showed different degrees of changes, but the differences among the 3 groups had no statistical significance. Antemortem and postmortem injury groups can be distinguished by centralizing and standardizing the expression levels of autophagy protein BECN1 and the ratio of LC3-2/LC3-1. The principal components extracted from OPLS-DA model of antemortem injury and postmortem injury had a relatively good interpretation of the model （Rx2=0.563, Ry2=0.439）, but it were less predictive （Q2=0.366）. Conclusion The expression of BECN1 and the ratio of LC3-2/LC3-1 in injured local tissue of the rat skeletal muscle can be used for the differentiation of antemortem injury group and postmortem injury group.

Lung natural killer (NK) cells can be classified into tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells and conventional NK (cNK) cells. Both trNK and cNK are composed of multiple subsets with unique phenotypes and functional characteristics. However, the phenotypic and functional differences between the two captured less attention. The features of trNK and cNK in the development, phenotypes and functions are sorted, and the interactions between NK cells and other immune cells in the lung are presented. Moreover, the latest research progress of lung NK cells in lung infections, tumors, transplantation, asthma and other diseases is particularly highlighted. It suggests that trNK cells may play a significant role, although lung NK cells are mainly composed of cNK. Further investigations of lung trNK and cNK cells will provide new insights into NK cell-based disease research.

Objective: To explore the influence of hypophosphatemia on weaning from mechanical ventilation., Methods: An observational study was conducted. The medical records of 30 mechanical ventilated patients with hypophosphatemia admitted to intensive care unit of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2018 to August 2020 were analyzed; another 60 mechanical ventilated patients with normophosphatemia around the same time were enrolled as controls by 1:2 case-control matching based on gender, age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. And then the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, times of spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), the diaphragmatic ultrasonography movement indexes, and outcome of weaning and prognosis during hospitalization were compared between the two groups. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted to calculate the areas under ROC curve (AUC) and cut-off values of serum phosphorus for successful weaning and hospital survival. The correlations between the diaphragmatic ultrasonography movement indexes and serum phosphorus were analyzed by Pearson partial correlation analysis., Results: Compared with normophosphatemic group, the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation in hypophosphatemia group was significantly longer [days: 13.0 (7.0, 22.0) vs. 10.0 (5.5, 14.0), P < 0.05], and SBT attempts were more often [times: 3 (0, 5) vs. 1 (1, 2), P < 0.01], while the rate of successful weaning was lower (53.3% vs. 91.7%, P < 0.01), and the hospital mortality was higher (20.0% vs. 1.7%, P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that serum phosphorus could predict successful weaning of mechanical ventilated patients, the AUC was 0.795, and the optimum cut-off value of serum phosphorus was 0.85 mmol/L with sensitivity of 73.2% and specificity of 84.2%. Serum phosphorus could predict hospital survival of mechanical ventilated patients, the AUC was 0.782, and the optimum cut-off value of serum phosphorus was 0.48 mmol/L with sensitivity of 81.9% and specificity of 85.7%. Compared with normophosphatemic group, diaphragm thickness at the end of inspiration (DTei), diaphragm thickness at the end of expiration (DTee), diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF), diaphragm excursion (DE) in hypophosphatemia group were all significantly decreased [DTei (cm): 0.19±0.07 vs. 0.27±0.08, DTee (cm): 0.14±0.05 vs. 0.19±0.06, DTF: (33.55±16.17)% vs. (45.04±18.66)%, DE (cm): 1.17±0.49 vs. 2.28±0.69, all P < 0.01]. Pearson partial correlation analysis showed that linear correlations were found between serum phosphorus and DTei, DTee, DTF, DE (r values were 0.442, 0.351, 0.293, 0.628 respectively, all P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Serum phosphorus may have correlation with the diaphragmatic ultrasonography movement indexes. Hypophosphatemia may impair the contractile properties of diaphragm, induce more SBT attempts and longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, and affect outcome of weaning and prognosis.

Through the multi-dimensional mining and analysis of launched anti-influenza proprietary Chinese medicines,this paper explores the study of the prescriptions and pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicines for influenza. We established a standardized database by collecting and excavating the launched Chinese patent medicines that clearly describe the treatment of influenza. Frequency analysis and association rules were used to analyze the frequency of Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of influenza in the aspects of dosage form,category and prescription drugs. The network module partitioning method was used to excavate the core drug combination for influenza. The relationship between functional nouns was used to construct a network of functional terminology and analyze the relationship between its main functions. The pharmacological characteristics quantitative method was used to analyze the pharmacological characteristics of three heat-clearing and detoxifying type Chinese patent medicines for influenza. This article shows the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation ideas and medication rules for influenza treatment in many aspects and from multiple perspectives,so as to provide a certain reference for the clinical application of proprietary Chinese medicines for influenza and the development of new influenza drugs.

To analyze the medication features and regularity of prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicines in treating patients with coronary heart disease angina pectoris based on the launched Chinese patent medicines. In the article,we collected all of the launched Chinese patent medicines for treating coronary heart disease and angina pectoris from the Chinese patent medicine value assessment information database,and set up a medical record normalized database,then carried out the classification of syndromes. The medication features and prescription rules for angina pectoris were analyzed by frequency statistics and association rules(IBM SPSS Modeler 14. 1 Premiums software,Apriori algorithm). Finally,a total of 170 prescriptions were selected,and 197 Chinese herbs were included,involving to totally 11 syndrome types,in which blood stasis syndrome,Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome,Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,Qi-Yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were the main syndrome types. The frequency of single-herb medicines for the four main syndrome types,the combination of commonly used medicines,and the core prescriptions were summarized. After comparing the core prescriptions of the four syndrome types,we could analyze the medication features and prescription rules. In conclusion,the therapeutic principle is blood-activating and stasis-dissolving,and consideration was also given to promoting Qi,invigorating Qi and resuscitation and invigorating Qi-Yin. The main medicines include Danshen(Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Chuan-xiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma). According to different types of syndromes,Chinese herbal medicines are added,such as Jiangxiang(Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum), Chishao(Paeoniaeradix Rubra), Sanqi(Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Honghua(Carthami Flos),Bingpian(Borneolum Syntheticum),Renshen(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma). Frequency statistics and association rules are combined to explore the medication features and core prescriptions,which provide ideas for the treatment of angina pectoris and the development of new drugs.

Objective: To investigate the effect of ADAR1 on the occurrence and development of mouse T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)., Methods: Lck-Cre; ADAR1lox/lox mice were generated through interbreeding. The lineage-cells of Lck-Cre; ADAR1lox/lox mice and the control were enriched respectively by the means of MACS, and the lin- cells were transfected with retrovirus carrying MSCV-ICN1-IRES-GFP fusion gene. Then the transfection efficiency was detected by the means of FACS, and the same number of GFP+ cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated recipient mice to observe the survival of mice in 2 recipient group after transplantation., Results: T cell-specific knockout ADAR1 mice were generated, and Notch1-induced T-ALL mouse model was established successfully. The leukemia with T-ALL characteristics occured in the mice of control group, but did not in the ADAR1 kmockout mice after transplantation., Conclusions: ADAR1 plays a key role in the incidence and development of Notch1-induced T-ALL.

Objective: To investigate the effect of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on invasion and metastasis of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and explore the possible mechanism., Methods: MCF-7 cells treated with 100, 200, and 400 µmol/L of DADS for 24 h were examined for cell invasion and migration capacities using Transwell assay and wound healing assay, respectively. The protein expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, MMP-9 and p-p38 in the cells were detected with Western blotting. The effect of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) as the agonist of p38 activity was tested in antagonizing the effects of DADS., Results: DADS inhibited the invasion and migration of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, down-regulated the protein expression of Vimentin and MMP-9 and up-regulated E-cadherin expression in the cells. Treatment with TGF-β1 to up-regulate p38 activity obviously antagonized the inhibitory effect of DADS on the invasion and metastasis of MCF-7 cells., Conclusion: DADS can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of MCF-7 cells in vitro by down-regulating p38 activity.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss through vestibular evoked myogenic potentials., Method: Fifty patients with unilateral sudden hearing loss underwent an ear test battery, including audiometry, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential(oVEMP). The cVEMP and oVEMP in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss were investigated. Their associations with initial hearing threshold, the type of audiogram, the results of coloric test and hearing recovery were also accessed., Result: After one-month treatment, the average threshold declined significantly in affected ears, with normal VEMP rates improved significantly (P < 0.05). Initial hearing threshold and hearing recovery were significantly associated with the results of coloric test and the results of VEMP test (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Our study indicated that vestibular evoked myogenic potential examination was not only a useful additional diagnostic tool in the neurotological evaluation of patients suffering sudden hearing loss, but also very valuable in the prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Objective: To investigate the mutation characteristics of common deafness gene from 127 non-syndromic hearing loss patients in Guangxi province., Method: Deafness-related gene mutations detection kit was used to detect 15 mutation sites in four deafness-associated genes, and a total of 127 hearing impaired patients were tested. The samples that could not be diagnosed with DNA microarray were subjected to PCR and sequenced to detect other mutations., Result: Among the 127 patients with non-syndromic deafness, the total mutation rate is 8.66% (11/127), including GJB2 235delC homozygous in 3 cases (2.36%), 235delC single heterozygous mutation in 2 cases (1.57%), GJB2 235delC and 109 A > G mutations in 2 cases (1.57%); SLC26A4 1229C > T homozygous in 1 case (0.79%), IVS7-2A > G, IVS11 + 47T > C and 15448insC mutaion in 2 cases (1.57%); mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene mutations were not detected. The result indicates that GJB2 and SLC26A4 were the main genes in this study, and the mutation rate is significantly lower than the national average level. Three new mutations (SLC26A4 IVS11 + 47T > C,1548insC and GJB2 109A > G) were found. There may be rare mutations among sites or genes associated with deafness in Guangxi.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between pure-tone average (PTA), the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the auditory pathway, cognitive cortex and auditory cortex in presbycusis., Method: Twenty-five elderly subjects with presbycusis were participated in the study. PTA, speech discrimination abilities were evaluated in each subject. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was applied to access the FA of the IC, the superior frontal gyrus and the Heschl's gyrus. Compare the difference between two sides of the values of FA in the three areas. Bivariate correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of PTA and FA of the inferior colliculus (IC), the superior frontal gyrus and the Heschl's gyrus on speech discrimination abilities., Result: There were no significant differences between the left and right side of the inferior colliculus (P > 0.05). Higher FA values were recorded at the left side of the Heschl's gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus (P < 0.05). Both PTA and the FA of the superior frontal gyrus have a negative association with speech discrimination abilities (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), while the FA of the Heschl's gyrus has a positive association with speech discrimination abilities (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the speech discrimination abilities of the elderly is not only related to the peripheral auditory function, but also to the central auditory and cognitive function.

Cre-lox recombination system consists of two elements: Cre recombinase enzyme and lox sites. Cre recombinase can recombine the lox site sequences by specifically detecting and cutting them. The direction and position of lox sites determine the functional effects of Cre enzyme such as deletion, inversion or chromosomal translocation. The hematopoietic system of mouse consists of multi-lineages and various developmental stage hematopoietic cells that are differentiated from hematopoietic stem cells (hematopoietic stem cells, HSC). The hematopoietic stem cells are maintained in the bone marrow microenvironment (niche). Currently, a variety of floxed conditional-knockout mice, recognized by Cre-lox recombination system, are used for the study of the hematopoietic system. This review summarizes the commonly used Cre transgenic mice and their applications in the study of hematopoietic system.

Hematopoietic stem cells are capable of self-renewal or differentiation when they divide. Three types of cell divisions exist. A dividing stem cell may generate 2 new stem cells (symmetrical renewal division), or 2 differentiating cells (symmetrical differentiation division), or 1 cell of each type (asymmetrical division). This study was aimed to explore an efficient and stable method to distinguish the way of cell division in hematopoietic stem cells. Previous studies showed that the distribution of Numb in a cell could be used to distinguish the type of cell division in various kinds of cells. Therefore, the distribution of Numb protein was detected by immunofluorescence in mitotic CD48(-)CD150(+)LSK cells of mice exploring the relationship between Numb protein and centrosomes. Since CD48 positive marks the HSC that have lost the ability to reconstitute the blood system in mice, CD48 marker could be used to distinguish cell fate decision between self-renewal and differentiation as a living marker. In this study, the CD48(-)CD150(+)LSK cells were sorted from bone marrow cells of mice and the cells were directly labeled with Alexa Fluor (AF) 488-conjugated anti-CD48 antibody in living cultures. After 3 days, the percentage of AF488(+) cells was evaluated under microscope and by FACS. Then colony forming cell assay (CFC) was performed and the ability of cell proliferation were compared between AF488(+) and AF488(-) cells. The results showed that Numb could be used to distinguish different cell division types of hematopoietic stem cells, which was symmetrically or asymmetrically segregated in mitotic CD48(-)CD150(+)LSK cells. The self-labeled fluorochrome could be detected both by FACS as well as microscope. There were about 40% AF488(+) cells after 3 day-cultures in medium titrated with self-labeled AF 488-conjugated anti-CD48 antibody, and the results were consistent between confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. The colony forming ability of AF488(+) cells was significantly higher than that of AF488(-) cells (P < 0.05). The proliferation ability of AF488(-) cells was also significantly higher than AF488(+) cells (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the expression of CD48 can distinguish cell division of hematopoietic stem cells and can be used as a live marker for the loss of stemness. In comparison with the Numb protein staining, this method can be used in living cells, thus provides greater convenience for subsequent cell culture studies and cell transplantation experiments.

To observe a PPAR-alpha agonist effect of N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) on CB2 (cannabinoid receptor 2), an anti-inflammatory receptor in vascular endothelial cell, healthy HUVECs and TNF-alpha induced HUVECs were used to establish a human vascular endothelial cell inflammatory model. Different doses of OEA (10, 50 and 100 micromol x L(-1)) had been given to HUVECs, cultured at 37 degrees C for 7 h and then collected the total protein and total mRNA. CB2 protein expression was detected by Western blotting and CB2 mRNA expression was assayed by real-time PCR. As the results shown, OEA (10 and 50 micromol x L(-1)) could induce the CB2 protein and mRNA expression, but not 100 micromol x L(-1). To detect if anti-inflammation effect of OEA is partly through CB2, CB2 inhibitor AM630 was used to inhibit HUVEC CB2 expression, then the VCAM-1 expression induced by TNF-alpha was detected, or THP-1 adhere to TNF-alpha induced HUVECs was examined. OEA (50 micromol x L(-1)) could inhibit TNF-alpha induced VCAM-1 expression and THP-1 adhere to HUVECs, these effects could be partly inhibited by a CB2 inhibitor AM630. The anti-inflammation effect of OEA is induced by PPAR-alpha and CB2, suggesting that CB2 signaling could be a target for anti-atherosclerosis, OEA have wide effect in anti-inflammation, it may have better therapeutic potential in anti-inflammation in HUVECs, thus achieving anti-atherosclerosis effect.

Objective: To investigate nutritional risk and its relationship with clinical outcome in children hospitalized in the surgical department, and to provide a scientific basis for clinical nutrition management., Methods: Nutritional risk screening was performed on 706 children hospitalized in the surgical department using the Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth. The data on nutritional support during hospitalization, incidence of infectious complications, length of hospital stay, post operative length of hospital stay and total hospital expenses were recorded., Results: Of the 706 cases, 11.5% had high nutritional risk, 46.0% had moderate nutritional risk, and 42.5% had low nutritional risk. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, intestinal obstruction and congenital heart disease were the three most common types of high nutritional risk. The incidence of high nutritional risk was significantly higher in infants than in other age groups (P<0.01). Fifty-two (64.2%) of the eighty-one children with high nutritional risk received parenteral nutrition. Children with high nutritional risk were significantly more likely to have weight loss than children with low nutritional risk (P<0.05). Children with high nutritional risk had significantly increased incidence of infectious complications, length of hospital stay, post operative length of hospital stay and total hospital expenses compared with those with moderate or low nutritional risk (P<0.01)., Conclusions: Moderate or high nutritional risk is seen in children hospitalized in the surgical department. Nutritional risk score is correlated with clinical outcome. Nutritional support for these children is not yet properly provided. Nutritional risk screening and standard nutritional support should be widely applied among hospitalized children.

Objective: To report 13 cases of ethmoid osteoma removed through an endoscopic approach and discuss the operative technique and clinical value., Method: Thirteen cases with ethmoid osteoma were retrospectively reviewed in the study. All procedures were performed with CT image guidance-according to the site of attachment. The anterior ethmoid cell was resected, and the whitish osteoma found. A double blunt elevator was used to separate the osteoma from ethmoid cell, and to push the osteoma medially toward the nasal septum, and (or) inferiorly toward the middle meatus. This method was performed in 7 patients (8 sides), whose CT scan showed the osteoma bases were not attached to lamina papyracea, and (or) anterior skull base. The others were drilled out with a intranasal powered drill for its attached to lamina papyracea in 4 patients and to anterior skull base in 2 patients., Result: Thirteen cases of ethmoid osteoma were removed completely through an endoscopic approach and there were no intraorbital or intracranial complication. Endoscopy showed normal epithelization at around 6 to 8 weeks after surgery., Conclusion: Preoperative CT scans, including coronal and axial images, is very helpful to determine the sites of the osteoma attachment and plan the operation. Endoscopic removal of ethmoid osteoma is not only an ideal, less invasive surgical approach, but also no cosmetic alteration.

Objective: Whether inhalation of pulmicort into the sinus of chronic rhinosinusitis patients could improve reepithelization after endoscopic sinus surgery was assessed., Method: Prospective study 60 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery were divided into 2 groups randomized, the one was treatment group, and the other was control group. The patients in treatment group received inhalation of pulmicort 2 ml plus 0.5% Aeuromycin solution 10 ml by oxygen driving force, once a day, persisting for 3 weeks. The patients in control group received Rhinocort. Besides the different therapies above mentioned above therapy was different, two groups received the same conventional route therapy. To observe the time of reepithelization under nasal endoscope, was observed, respectively., Result: The average time of reepithelization in treatment group was (5.3333 +/- 0.9942) weeks. The other group was (6.6667 +/- 1.3476) weeks, the statistical difference between the two groups was very significant., Conclusion: Inhalation of pulmicort into the sinus can promote reepithelization and shorten the time of treatment.

Objective: To study the effects of dexamethasone and histamine on the expression of MUC5AC mRNA and protein in human nasal polyps., Method: All samples were randomly divided into control group, histamine stimulating group and dexamethasone group. The expression of MUC5AC mRNA and MUC5AC protein in nasal polyps were respectively detected by the methods of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical assay., Result: The expression of MUC5AC mRNA (0.6389 +/- 0.0526) and protein (0.1934 +/- 0.0137) in histamine stimulating group were significantly higher than those of control group (0.3495 +/- 0.0357 and 0.1172 +/- 0.0173, respectively) and reduced (0.4988 +/- 0.0603 and 0.1444 +/- 0.0075, respectively) after treatment with dexamethasone., Conclusion: Histamine upregulates MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression. Dexamethasone downregulates MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression, which may be one of the mechanisms of downregulating mucus overproduction by dexamethasone in nasal polyps.

Objective: To evaluate the method of the perioperative blood glucose control in chronic rhinosinusitis coexisting diabetes., Method: Twenty-two cases of chronic rhinosinusitis coexisting diabetes were investigated retrospectively, including one case of type 1 diabetes and 21 cases of type 2 diabetes. The study cohort was divided into two groups, the one was complication group and the other was non-complication group. The patients in complication group were injected insulin to control blood glucose level, and the patients in non-complication group were prescribed oral medicine., Result: Blood glucose levels below 9.0 mmol/L in complication group and below 7.0 mmol/L in non-complication group were both the surgical indication for the patients in this research cohort. Twenty-one cases were completely recovered and one case made progress significantly., Conclusion: The detection of blood and urine glucose levels must be the routine item before the nasal endoscopic surgery. To control blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes with non-complication, oral medicine is the first choice, in type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes with complication, insulin should be first considered.