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This study aimed to construct a dose-response model of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced apoptosis rate in rat hepatocytes by using quantitative data. The coefficients of determination (R2) and further mathematical tests showed that the Gamma model (R2 = 0.996 4, Akaike information criterion = 37.40, and Bayesian information criterion = 17.19) was superior to other models. Hence, the Gamma model was recommended as the optimal dose-response model for apoptosis rate in rat hepatocytes after acute exposure to AFB1 for hazard characterization in the framework of AFB1 risk assessment.

Objective To explore the effect of nurse -patient communication skills on disease outcomes and blood gas indices of children with bronchial pneumonia treated by atomization inhalation. Methods A total of 120 children with bronchopneumonia treated in the Department of Pediatrics of Kaiping Central Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were collected and randomly divided into a control group (n =60) and an observation group (n =60). Both groups of children were treated with atomization inhalation. The control group was given routine nursing, and the observation group was given nursing care through nurse -patient communication skills. The clinical eeficacy, disease outcomes, pulmonary function, blood gas indices and adverse reactions of the two groups were observed and compared. Results The total eefective rate of the observation group was 95.00%, which was higher than 75.00% of the control group (P < 0-05). The disappearance time of clinical symptoms (fever, asthma, cough, pulmonary rates) and hospitalization time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (all P <0. 05). After nursing, the peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity ( FVC), FEV1 /FVC, partial pressure of oxygen ( Pa02) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of the two groups were both significantly higher than those before nursing (all P < 0. 05), and those of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P <0. 05). The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the two groups was lower than that before nursing, and the observation group was lower than the control group (both P < 0. 05 ). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation was 8.33%, lower than 25.00% in the control group (P <0.05 ). Conclusion Nurse-patient communication skills can effectively improve the clinical efficacy of atomization inhalation, improve pulmonary function, blood gas indicators, promote the prognosis of diseases and reduce the situation of adverse reactions in the treatment of children with bronchopneumonia, which can be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the safety and clinical efficacy of freehand and 3D printing navigation template assisted screw placement in patients with old odontoid fractures of typeⅡ., Methods: Total of 38 patients with old odontoid fractures of typeⅡwere treated from November 2018 to December 2022, all of which presented as chronic neck pain. According to the different methods of screw insertion into the pedicle, the patients were divided into a navigation template group and a freehand group. In the navigation template group, there were 17 patients including 9 males and 8 females with an average age of (51.30±13.20) years old, disease duration was (22.18±7.59) months. In the freehand group, there 21 patients including 7 males and 14 females with an average age of (49.46±11.92) years old, disease duration was (19.52±9.17) months. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and postoperative drainage output were recorded and compared between two groups. The accuracy of screw placement was evaluated by CT scan. Before operation and 1 year after operation, cervical pain was assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS), neurological changes were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the degree of spinal cord injury was assessed by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) injury scale., Results: All patients were followed up for (25.31±1.21) months. The operation time of template group (112.00±20.48) min had significantly shorter than that of the freehand group(124.29±15.24) min( P <0.05), while there were no significant differences between two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, and hospital stay( P >0.05). At 1 year after operation, in template group and freehand group, the VAS [(2.88±0.86), (2.90±0.83)] and JOA [(14.94±1.82), (14.62±2.19)] improved with preoperative [VAS(4.71±0.92), (4.86±0.79) and JOA (12.18±2.30), (11.95±2.31)]( P <0.05), with no significant difference between two groups ( P >0.05). No significant improvement was observed in ASIA grading in either group at 1 year after operation( P >0.05), and there was no significant difference between two groups( P >0.05). The template group had significantly better accuracy of screw placement in the pedicle of the axis than the freehand group ( P <0.05), while no significant difference was observed between two groups in the accuracy of screw placement in the pedicle of the atlas ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: In the treatment of typeⅡold odontoid fractures with posterior pedicle screw fixation, 3D printing navigation template screw placement can significantly shorten the operation time, achieve similar clinical efficacy as free-hand screw placement, and significantly improve the accuracy of screw placement in the pedicle of the axis.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of patients with thoracic and lumbar fracture and dislocation treated by posterior transforaminal decompression and interbody fusion., Methods: From June 2010 to June 2017, posterior transforaminal decompression, interbody fusion combined with pedicle screw fixation were performed in 21 patients with thoracic and lumbar fracture and dislocation. Their clinical and radiological data were collected and retrospectively analyzed, including 15 males and 6 females, aged from 25 to 58 years with an average of 45 years old. According to the criterion of American Spinal Injury(ASIA), preoperative neurological function was graded A in 3 cases, B in 7 cases, C in 6 cases, D in 4 cases and E in 1 case. Operative time and intraoperative blood loss and correlative complications were recorded. And VAS score, ODI and Cobb angle were evaluated before and after surgery. The improvement of neurological function was also analyzed at the final follow-up. Intervertebral bony fusion was observed during the follow-up by CT three-dimensional reconstruction., Results: The operative time was 150 to 240 min with an average of (192±47) min. The intraoperative blood loss was 380 to 750 ml with an average of(603±120) ml. Dura sac tearing and cerebral fluid leakage occurred in 3 cases and were repaired during operation; superficial wound infection occurred in 1 case, and got healing after dressing change. The postoperative follow-up duration was 24 to 45 months with an average of(37.0±9.5) months. VAS score was improved from preoperative 8.9±0.4 to immediately postoperative 4.2±1.3( P <0.05). At the final follow-up, VAS score decreased further to 3.6±0.8. ODI was decreased from preoperative (95.30±3.52)% to (32.51±6.30)% at the final follow-up ( P <0.05). Cobb angle was corrected from preoperative (21.2±8.8)° to immediately postoperative(2.3±3.1)° ( P <0.05). At the final follow-up, Cobb angle was (3.2±2.5)°, showing no significant difference with immediately postoperative value. The neurological function was grade A in 3 cases, B in 3 cases, C in 5 cases, D in 6 cases and E in 4 cases at the final follow-up. All the patients got solid intervertebral bone fusion in 8 to 13 months after operation, with an average fusion time of (10.3±2.5) months., Conclusions: For the patients with thoracic and lumbar fracture and dislocation mainly involving intervertebral disc and endplate plane, posterior transforaminal decompression and interbody fusion not only is less invasive, but also can effectively reconstruct spinal three column and obtain good biomechanical stability. And, it is beneficial for the good recovery of neurological function., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Objective: To characterize uracil-DNA glycosylase from acidophilic and thermophilic Sulfolobus acidocaldarius., Methods: We cloned udgIV and udgV genes from S. acidocaldarius, expressed the two recombinant UDG proteins in E. coli species BL21 (DE3) Rosetta-pLysS, purified the recombinant UDGs and characterized the removal of dU by UDGs., Results: We successfully expressed two S. acidocaldarius UDGs and found both UDGs having the activity of dU removal. In comparison to UDGV, UDGIV was more efficient in dU removal, with a 750-foldactivity., Conclusion: In comparison to UDGV, UDGIV from S. acidocaldarius was a more efficient enzyme responsible for the removal of dU from DNA in vitro.

Objective: To simulate acetabular morphology and perform acetabular quantitative analysis in high dislocated developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) patients using three-dimensional (3D) surface reconstruction technique, in order to understand the acetabular anatomic features and develop operative strategies for acetabular reconstruction., Methods: 3D pelvic images were reconstructed by Mimics software from CT data of 13 patients (13 hips) with high developmental DDH and 13 normal persons (26 hips). True acetabular superior-inferior diameter, anterior-posterior diameter, acetabular depth, medial wall thickness, abduction angle and anteversion angle were measured and compared between the two groups of participants., Results: Irregular acetabular shape was found in high dislocated group, showing a triangle with wide upper and narrow lower. The acetabular quantitative analysis revealed (38.29 +/- 2.71) mm superior-inferior diameter, (21.74 +/- 5.33) mm anterior-posterior diameter, (15.50 +/- 2.93) mm acetabular depth, (6.80 +/- 2.97) mm medial wall thickness, (49.29 +/- 7.40) degrees abduction angle and (23.82 +/- 11.21) degrees anteversion angle in high dislocated patients. The superior-inferior diameter, anterior-posterior diameter and acetabular depth of high dislocated patients were significantly smaller than those of the normal contirols (P<0.05). However, the medial wall thickness, abduction angle and anteversion angle of high dislocated patients were significantly bigger than those of the normal controls (P<0.05)., Conclusion: 3D reconstruction technique can restore true acetabular morphology and perform quantitative analysis. Compared with normal controls, high dislocated DDH patients have acetabular features: irregular shape, lower opening, higher medial wall and bigger abduction and anteversion angles. Joint arthroplasty surgery in high dislocated DDH patients needs to look at these acetabular features.

The study of global changes has focused on the reconstruction of paleovegetation and paleoclimate by n-alkanes and delta13C. 210Pb contents were measured for dating. The distribution characteristics of n-alkanes and delta13C were used to indicate the source of the organic matter in the sediments of Shijiu Lake. The relationship between modern eco-environmental evolution and human behaviors was discussed in this paper. The combination characteristics of n-alkanes showed a significant odd-even predominance in high-carbon number and main peak at C29, suggesting that the organic matter in the sediments were mainly derived from macrophytes and terrestrial higher plants. The delta13C contents of C27, C29 and C31 n-alkanes were analyzed. Results indicated that C3 plants are the dominant species. The distribution characteristics of n-alkanes and delta13C in different periods revealed the impact of human behaviors on Shijiu Lake. From 1862 to 1970, the low relative content of TOC, TN, C17-C25 and the light delta13C25-31 values showed that there were less human behaviors effects on Shijiu Lake and the eco-environment around the lake was stable. From 1970 to 1983, the relative content of TOC, TN and C17-C25 increased significantly, the delta13C25-31 values became weight. In this period, large areas of Shijiu Lake turned into farmland; pollution by fertilizers and pesticides was serious; large amounts of industrial and domestic wastewater were discharged into the lake. All these human behaviors resulted in the degradation of terrestrial higher plants around the lake. Meanwhile, the eutrophication levels were significantly increased. From 1983 to 2010, the relative contents of TOC, TN and C17-C25 were still in high-value ranges, the problem of eutrophication was not effectively controlled and the eco-environment of Shijiu Lake was relatively degradated.

A method was developed for the quantitative analysis of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in fermentation broth of distiller's yeast by ion chromatography. After extraction with acetonitrile solution (containing 0.1% phosphoric acid) and purification with an ion-exchange column, the tetrodotoxin was separated by ion chromatography and detected by a ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorbance detector. The experimental results showed that the tetrodotoxin had a good linearity (r2 = 0.997) in the range of 10 - 100 mg/L and the detection limit (3 of signal-to-noise ratio) was 1.0 mg/L. The average recoveries were between 90% - 103% with a relative standard deviation lower than 4.9%. The analysis of real samples verified the reliability of this method and demonstrated that the ion chromatography can be used for the quantification detection of the tetrodotoxin. The degradation experiment results suggested that distiller's yeast had a remarkable effect on the tetrodotoxin degradation.