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Objective: To investigate and analyze the status of off-label drug use in department of ophthalmology of Beijing Tongren Hospital. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Prescription evaluation, off-label drug use application and temporary medicine purchase application were collected from January 2013 to March 2015. The off-label use of medication in department of ophthalmology were filtered out and analyzed according to the category of medications, the category of the off-label use of medication and the strength of evidence for the off-label use of medication. Results: Thirty-seven items of off-label uses of medication were included in this study. The off-label use of medication focused on the indications (19 items, 51.4%) and route of administration (18 items, 48.6%) in this study. Nineteen category of medication were involved, which accounted for 1.3% (19/1 462) drugs in the hospital formulary.The top 2 category of medication were adrenocorticoid drugs (21.1%, 4/19) and antitumor drugs (21.1%, 4/19). There are evidence to support 37 items of off-label drug uses. 5 items (13.5%) of off-label drug uses were labeled uses approved by Food and Drug Administration. One item (2.7%) of off-label drug use was in accord with international guidelines. Twenty items (54.1%) of off-label drug uses were in accord with expert consensus. Eight off-labels were evaluated by Micromedex, while the other 78.4% (29 items) were not evaluated by Micromedex. Conclusions: The off-label use of medications exists widely in department of ophthalmology, having its necessity and rationality. But we should pay attention to its standard management. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 300-304) .

Objective: To investigate the status of eye disease prevention resources in community health service centers, to understand the distribution of ophthalmology service resources in each community, and to understand the main problems existing in the work of blindness prevention and treatment in Shanghai, so as to strengthen the prevention of blindness and improve the primary eye care level., Methods: Using the survey method, we carried out the investigation of disease control and prevention resources in all community health service centers to obtain the data of eye disease prevention and treatment resources. Using the descriptive statistics, we described the distribution of resources of eye disease prevention and treatment in different districts., Results: There were 244 communities in 17 districts and counties in Shanghai, of which 236 (96.72%) communities participated in the survey and completed the questionnaires. Forty-nine (20.8%) communities had independent outpatient departments of ophthalmology, 96 (40.7%) had departments of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, 33 (14%) had ophthalmology doctor visits from secondary or tertiary medical institutions, and 87 (36.9%) had no outpatient department of ophthalmology. There were 82 oculists, 129 general or otorhinolaryngology doctors treating eye disease, 9 ophthalmic nurses, and 1 optometrist. There were 36 specialized personnel for public health of eye protection and 217 part-time personnel. Moreover, there were a total of 1 103 pieces of ophthalmic equipment in all communities with the use rate of 91%., Conclusions: Uneven ophthalmology resources and eye care professional ability in community health service centers, lack of technical and public health personnel for prevention of eye disease, backward eye disease screening equipment, and inadequate investment in prevention and treatment of eye disease are major problems. More government supports for prevention and treatment of eye disease in communities and continuous improvement in three-level blindness prevention network systems and information construction are needed.

Objective: This survey is conducted by Hebei Society of Ophthalmology to understand the current situation of the department of ophthalmology in Hebei province, in order to help the Branch to develop an effective, highly-targeted and practical continuing education program., Methods: A questionnaire is used in this survey, which consists of 4 sections and 25 items, covering Basic Information, Hospital and Department, Personal Practice and Open-ended Questions. The questionnaire is distributed and collected by the Society of Ophthalmology of each region in Hebei province to all medical institutions in their area which have the ability to carry out ophthalmic clinical work. After the aggregation of the questionnaire and according to the omission, Hebei Society of Ophthalmology contacts the individuals who missed the survey by direct calls, letter post and email, etc. to finish the survey., Results: This survey covers 121 counties and cities (coverage 85.8%), 305 medical institutions and 1 485 ophthalmologists. Results shows that trained ophthalmologists take a high proportion (84.3%) in all hospitals, the percentage of ophthalmologists who are eager to learn and improve is high (94.8%), the percentage of ophthalmologists having a Bachelor degree or above is high (68.9%). However, the percentage of ophthalmologists having a Master or Doctor degree is relatively low (19.6%), the talents who can independently carry out vitrectomy are insufficient (4.1%), the percentage of the medical institutions not having basic ophthalmic equipment is high (37.3%)., Conclusions: The reasons restraining the development of Ophthalmology in Hebei province include the lack of professional talents and ophthalmic equipment. The contradiction between the increasing demand of the public for ophthalmological treatment and the limited medical service level we can provide is the primary contradiction in the departments of Ophthalmology in Hebei province. After the survey and according to the results, Hebei Society of Ophthalmology will organize more training to meet the desire and interest of the ophthalmologists in our province, to achieve the ultimately goal of improving the Ophthalmic medical level throughout the province.

Objective: To characterize the literature associated with the ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) field from January 1, 2000 to December 1, 2013., Methods: Literature analysis. Articles related to OIS between January 1, 2000 and December 1, 2013 were found by advanced search using Google Scholar. All results underwent visual inspection to ensure that the final results included only literature associated with OIS in some way. All the results including the publication year, authors, organizations, nations and the source journals were listed and analyzed., Results: There were 322 literatures which cited 2 798 times totally. The h-index of literature associated with OIS was 28. There were only 6 articles published in 2000, while 54 articles in 2013 which was significant different. The largest number of author is from US, then China and Japan. The most frequent cited article was a review which summarized retinal vascular occlusive disorders written by Sohan Singh Hayreh. And the other top 10 articles talked about intravitreal injection, hemodynamics and its pathogenesis. The hightest h-index of author, orgnization, country, and source title was Sohan Singh Hayreh, University of Iowa and Utrecht University, United States, and Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science respectively., Conclusions: The quantity of the articles about OIS growed every year. OIS research is getting more attention gradually, particularly in intravitreal injection, hemodynamics and its pathogenesis.

Objectives: To explore ophthalmic resources and existing problems in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, and to provide reasonable developing configuration for the future., Methods: It was a population-based cross-section study. By using questionnaire to collect data from all eye units (national and private) which were registered in Xinjiang area. Investigation included: (1) ophthalmic medical unit of name, structure type, departments constitute; (2) the ophthalmic medical work; (3) the number of ophthalmology health technicians and distribution; (4) ophthalmic devices usage; (5) carry out the problems and difficulties encountered in ophthalmic work. Descriptive statistic method was used to analyze the structure of ophthalmic material, the availability of resource, the medical institution of different regions and types., Results: One hundred and thirty questionnaire were filled out and 110 questionnaire were recovery. There were 107 eye units, 1709 beds for ophthalmic, 1672 employees, including 525 doctors, the ratio of doctors and nurses was 1.0:1.3. And the ophthalmic resources mainly distributed in northern Tianshan, very few in the eastern area in Xinjiang; ophthalmic units were denser in general hospitals which were above the county level. There were 43 580 ophthalmic surgeries in all, the main eye operation carried out was cataract surgery, including 20 303 (counted 46.59%) cataract operation., Conclusions: The ophthalmic units distribution is unbalanced, which is short of ophthalmologists. It provides base for government to arrange ophthalmic resources reasonably, to enhance the research motivation and to cultivate more professors, and to increase the number of ophthalmic specialists in the general hospitals, and eventually to maximize the benefit of ophthalmic service in Xinjiang.

Objective: From the point of impact factor and citation to evaluate the academic level and influence of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology (CJO)., Methods: Using the impact factor (IF) data provided by China Science and Technology Journal Citation Reports (CJCR), and the information of Chinese Medical citation Index (CMCI/CMCC integrated version), the citations from CJO were collected and analyzed with bibliometric methods., Result: From 2000 to 2008, the IF of CJO were 0.573, 0.863, 0.702, 0.745, 0.877, 1.031, 0.807, 0.875 and 0.533. From 2000 to 2009, 2485 papers were published in CJO, 1562 of them were referenced (9294 times). The frequency of total citation rate was 62.86%. The region with the highest citation frequency was Guangdong (2661 times), followed by Beijing (2200 times), Shandong (926 times) and Shanghai (901 times). As to the institution, the top of rank was Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-Sen University (with 277 papers, 201 citations and 2193 times of citation frequency) and Beijing Tongren Eye Center (with 197 papers, 106 citations and 507 times of citation frequency)., Conclusion: The IF of CJO was stable, and ranked first in domestic academic of Ophthalmology. Meanwhile, it had a higher frequency of Citation, which shows that CJO has high quality and strong influence, and become one of main core ophthalmology journals in China.

Objective: To assess the standardization of meta-analyses reports on eye diseases published in Chinese journals in recent ten years., Methods: Meta-analyses manuscripts on eye diseases published in Chinese-language journals from January 2000 to September 2010 were retrieved through the following databases: Wanfang Data, VIP Information, CNKI and Chinese Bio-medicine Database, along with manual database search. The manuscripts translated from foreign-language meta-analyses reports or repetitive publications were excluded. All enrolled manuscripts were then analyzed item by item according to the checklist of QUOROM statement and MOOSE guidelines., Results: 50 manuscripts were finally enrolled into the present quality appraisal study, including 32 meta-analyses manuscripts of randomized control trail (RCT) studies and the other 18 meta-analyses manuscripts of observational studies. Out of the 32 manuscripts evaluated with QUOROM statement, only 8 (25.0%) manuscripts included flow chat describing the process of selection, 18 (56.3%) manuscripts included sensitivity analyses and 9 (28.1%) included bias evaluation part. Out of the 18 manuscripts evaluated with MOOSE guidelines, only 6 (33.3%) included comprehensive relative literatures search strategy, 4 (22.2%) included sensitivity analyses and 8 (44.4%) included bias evaluation section., Conclusion: The standardization of meta-analyses reports on eye diseases published in Chinese journals needs to be improved.

Objective: To investigate the authors, the institution and endemic distribution of these authors of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, and understand the current situation and problems in the field of Ophthalmology., Methods: Using the bibliometrics methods, we analyzed the authors, the co-authors and the core authors of papers published between 2000 to 2009. The distribution of institution and region and highly quantitative organization were also analyzed., Results: The 2495 papers were published by the Journal within 10 years. 1091 authors (72.68% of total first authors) published only one paper. There were 705 (28.26%) papers from 105 (7.00%) core authors. There were 2238 papers with one or more co-authors, the cooperative rate and degree were 89.70% and 3.91, respectively. 257 papers were written by single author, which accounted for 10.30% of total papers. According to the distribution of Province, Beijing was the first of rank with 726 (29.10%) papers, the second was Guangdong Province by 335 (13.43%) papers, Shanghai was the third with 257 (10.30%) papers. The number of papers from affiliated hospital, provincial or municipal hospitals, county hospitals, military hospitals were 1853 (74.27%), 227 (9.10%), 17 (0.68%) and 164 (6.57%), respectively. 1391 (55.75%) papers were from 16 high-productivity institutes., Conclusions: Authors of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology are from widely distributed area and have a highly cooperative rate, but the distribution was disproportion. The core authors are active and talented, who have a great influence on this journal. The highly-productivity Province are Beijing, Guangdong and Shanghai, even the authors were from widely distributed area.

This article demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of setting up the ophthalmology information management system. It expounds the system's configuration, main functions and hardware, especially the key designing points of the information interfaces.

The improper use of statistical analysis method and inadequate quality of experimental design are common in ophthalmic research. These problems originated from ignoring the importance of statistics or have a bias against the statistics by the researcher. Therefore, the misunderstanding of statistics must be cleared up, it is important for the researcher to familiar with statistical knowledge, instead of simply relying on the cooperation with statistics specialists. Researcher should devote much attention to the study of statistics and enhance the ability to apply it in practice. Statistics is not only one of the supports of evidence-based medicine, but it is also very important in keeping sustainable scientific development of science.

Objective: To evaluate the academic level and the popularity of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology., Method: According to the information of Chinese science and technology papers and citation database (CSTPC), I statistically analyzed the amount and distribution of the originals in Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology cited by the journals included by CSTPC., Result: The originals of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology were high-qualified and influential, and their authors were all over the country., Conclusion: With the unique style and character, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology is the main medical core periodical and one of the most important information resources in the field of ophthalmology in China.