Search

To Explore the effect of straw decompostition agents on the changes of physicochemical parameters and microbial communities in the decomposition of rice straw, 2 treatments were set up in the experiment: straw decompostition agent(JF) and no inoculation(CK) . Changes of the physicochemical parameters and microbial communities composition were measured and analyzed. The results showed that straw decompostition agent had insignificant effects on decomposition rate, pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and the ratio of C/N, but the content of total P increased by 8.4% and the ratio of C/P decreased by 9.1%, significantly. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria communities, Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and Unclassified fungi were the dominant fungus communities. The abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria at 0-8 and 8-28 d in JF were higher than those in CK, respectively. Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and Unclassified fungi were the dominant fungus communities in the temperature rising, cooling off and maturity stage, and their abundances in JF were higher than those in CK. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria communities included Bacillus, Pseudoxanthomonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Cronobacter, Cellvibrio and Paenibacillus, the dominant fungus communities included Coprinopsis, Aspergillus, Wallemia, Melanocarpus and Thermomyces. The abundances of Escherichia-Shigella and Cronobacter in JF were 0.3%-4.5% and 1.3%-3.1% higher in the temperature rising stage than those in CK, respectively. The abundance of Wallemia in JF was 3.9%-4.5% higher in the temperature rising stage than that in CK. The abundances of Melanocarpus and Thermomyces in JF were 39.2% and 39.1% higher on the 8th day than those in CK, respectively. The canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed that total nitrogen and available phosphorus were the most important environmental indicators affecting bacteria and fungus communities. To sum up, the straw decompostition agent affected the decomposing of rice straw by increasing the maturity indexes of part of the rice straw and increasing the abundances of some functional microbial communities, which provided theoretical and scientific basis for improving the utilization rate of rice straw returning to the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To provide reference of the ideal entry point for antegrade femoral nailing according to analysis correlation between highest point of greater trochanter and the middle line of the medullary cavity in adults by three-dimensional images., Methods: From January 2016 to January 2017, 107 adults who underwent continuous computed tomography (CT) scans were ultimately enrolled, including 64 males and 43 females with an average age of (51.7±16.4) years old;54 patients on the left side and 53 patients on the right side. Three-dimensional images were built by using image-processing software (Volume Viewer) to reconstruct geometry of cortex and medullary canal. All people weregrouped according to different femoral greater trochanter morphology, such as anterior apex (AA), posterior apex (PA), middle apex (MA) and none apex (NA). Forwards inclination was adjusted to apparent neck shaft angle (ANSA) and true neck shaft angle (TNSA) on the coronal and saggittal view, recorded as C-ANSA, C-TNSA, S-ANSA, S-TNSA respectively, vertical distance from the middle line of femur medullary cavity to the highest point of greater trochanter of femur on the 4 positions were measured and performed statistical analysis, multiple linear regression was applied to analysis relationship between clinical data and VD value., Results: (1)Comparison of VD value among 4 groups on the 4 positions, there were no difference in VD value between AA and MA groups on the S-ANSA position;and no differences in VD value among AA, MA and NA groups on the C-ANSA and C-TNSA position. (2)There were differences in VD value among AA, MA and NA groups on the sagittal plane;while had difference in VD value between PA and NA group on the coronal plane. (3)Prediction equation of VD value on S-ANSA and S-TNSA position by multiple linear regression showed R=0.343, F=3.409, P =0.012 on the S-ANSA position;R=0.317, F=2.846, P =0.028 on the S-TNSA position; neck shaft angle and sex were risk factors of VD value on the sagittal plane, while no difference in VD value on the coronal position., Conclusion: (1)When indentify insertion point in adult femoral nail according to the highest point of greater trochanter as anatomic landmark, the morphology of greater trochanter of femur should be distinguished to certain observation position, then evaluate migration before and after on the sagttial plane and lateral offset on the coronal plane. (2)Migration before and after on the sagttial plane is increase with increase of neck shaft angle, and the degree of migration of female before and after is less than that of male.

Our country has been using maturity grading method, which was proposed by Grammum in 1979, to evaluate the placental function. However, this method is subjective to consequence because it totally depends on the observation and experiences of clinicians. With the development of ultrasound technology, therefore, we reviewed more novel applications in other aspects of placenta (such as blood flow, vascularization, etc). Over the past years, scholars in the world have done a lot of research around these topics. In this review we introduce placental maturity grading with B-mode ultrasound, placental vascularization qualitative and quantitative analysis with three-dimensional Doppler ultrasound and placental volume measurement, respectively.

Objective: To investigate the action of nitric oxide (NO) on testicular dysfunction in cirrhotic rats., Methods: Cirrhotic rats were induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Concentration of NO in the serum and homogenates of the testicular tissue in biliary cirrhotic rats, L-NAME rats, and sham operated rats were measured by assay of nitrate reductase. Concentrations of testosterone in the serum of 3 groups were measured by radioimmunoassay. Sperm density and percent of motive sperm in the epididymis of the rats were determined., Results: Concentrations of NO in the serum and homogenates of the testicular tissue of cirrhotic rats were significantly greater than those of sham operated rats (4.165 micromol/L 1.162 micromol/L, and 1.305 micromol/g 0.087 micromol/g vs 0.535 micromol/L 0.237 micromol/L and 0.720 micromol/g 0.063 micromol/g). Concentrations of testosterone in the serum, the sperm density and percent of motive sperm in the epididymis were significantly lower in cirrhotic rats than sham operated rats (0.049mug/L 0.020 microgram/L, 16.46% 4.84%, and 86.89 10(6)/ml 33.17 10(6)/ml vs 2.680 microgram/L 0.403 microgram/L, 62.45% 9.21%, and 299.43 10(6)/ml 53.85 10(6)/ml). By contrast, the administration of a low dose of L-NAME (0.5 mg/kg per day) for one week to cirrhotic rats was associated with a significant reduction in concentration of NO (1.975 micromol/L 0.406 micromol/L and 0.950 micromol/g 0.057 micromol/g) and a significant increase in concentration of testosterone in the serum, the sperm density and percent of motive sperm in the epididymis (0.993 microgram/L 0.179 microgram/L, 33.85% 4.93%, and 188.94 10(6)/ml 38.34 10(6)/ml)., Conclusions: NO is associated with testicular dysfunction in cirrhosis. The testicular dysfunction induced by cirrhosis can obtain improvement by using low dose of L-NAME.