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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to clarify quantitative relations with the degree of an endomysium collagen fiber network change and the extension at the time of the rat soleus muscle extension. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were Wistar rats. [Method] Rats were divided into four experimental groups. The first group did not have the soleus muscle extended. In the second group, the soleus muscle was extended 10 mm. In the third group, the soleus muscle was extended 20 mm. In the fourth group, the soleus muscle was extended to the maximum. We examined the correlation between the extension distance and endomysium collagen fiber arrangement. [Result] The morphological changes of collagen fibers in the muscle membrane and the stretching muscle distance was significantly correlated. [Conclusion] It appears that collagen fibril arrangement in the endomysium move longitudinally toward the axis of the muscle fibers during muscle stretching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose] We investigated the effect of a multi-layered approach to education on the practice of the physical therapy process. [Subjects] The subjects were 3rd and 4th year students attending Advanced Physical Therapy II lectures. [Method] In practice, the 4th year students assisted the 3rd year students. At the end of the course, a questionnaire survey was conducted regarding the efficacy of the lecture style. The questionnaire survey was conducted after explaining the results would be anonymous and participation would have no consequences for individuals. [Results] The survey response rate was 100%. The 3rd year students considered that identifying the problem points was the most difficult issue, and the majority responded that the presence of 4th year students in the practice was "very effective". [Conclusion] We consider that the multi-layered style of eduction in physical therapy eduction is effective at raising students' understanding as well as being an effective method for raising their motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different exercises on skeletal muscle after ischemic reperfusion. [Subjects] Fifteen eight-week-old Wistar female rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: normal, ischemic, light-exercise, and heavy-exercise. [Method] Ischemia was induced in the right lower limbs of the experimental rats. Exercise was started the day after ischemic reperfusion occurred. The relative weight ratios of the soleus muscles and the soleus muscle fiber cross-section minor axes were used for the evaluation of muscle atrophy. [Results] Compared with the ischemic group, the means of the soleus muscle fiber cross section minor axes significantly decreased in the heavyexercise group. [Conclusion] Our results suggest that heavyexercise after ischemic reperfusion of the skeletal muscle may cause muscle atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]