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At 01:45 on January 8, 2022, an MS6.9 earthquake occurred in Menyuan County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the activity characteristics of this earthquake, the author conducted a preliminary investigation and analysis of the surface rupture zone and traffic system damage in the Liuhuanggou based on the investigation of earthquake disaster losses, combined with various methods such as drone low altitude photogrammetry and aftershock data analysis. The fault activity was mainly characterized by left-lateral strike-slip motion, accompanied by a certain thrust component, with a maximum left lateral displacement of 3.1 m. At the same time, the earthquake caused serious damage to the Liuhuanggou bridge and the Daliang tunnel of the Lanxin high-speed railway, mainly manifested as beam overturning and sliding, track distortion and deformation, and internal structure displacement and deformation of the tunnel. Finally, this article provides opinions and suggestions on the seismic fortification measures for bridges in the region.

ObjectiveTo examine the incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) among old people receiving booster dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and to provide reference data for evaluating the safety of COVID-19 vaccine booster immunization in the population. MethodsUsing a self-designed questionnaire on AEFI, we conducted person-to-person telephone interviews among 1 157 vaccinees aged 60 years and above 7 – 14 days after receiving booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine at a community healthcare service station between October 2021 and March 2022. ResultsOf all the elderly interviewed, 122 (10.54%) reported AEFI. Local reaction was the most frequently reported AEFI (112 person times in 90 participants) and the majority (64.29%, 72/112 person times) of the local reactions was pain at the injection site. Of the 90 participants reporting AEFI, 58.89% (n = 53) had their adverse events spontaneously improved one or two days after the vaccination. Totally 46 person times of systemic reactions were reported by 38 participants, and 32.61% (15 person times) of the systemic reactions was fatigue; the reported systemic reactions also spontaneously improved in 21 (55.26%) of the sufferers one or two days after the vaccination. There were 6 participants reporting both local and systemic reaction. No significant association of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia with the occurrence of AEFI was observed. There was a significant difference in the incidence of AEFI among the participants having different booster immunization schedules (χ2 = 14.705，P < 0.05). Among the participants having inactivated vaccines, the incidence of AEFI was 12.59% (36/286) for those with the booster dose of homologous vaccine from the same manufacture as their routine vaccination and the incidence was 9.50% (67/705) for those with the booster dose of homologous vaccine but from different manufacture; among the participants having two doses recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (type 5 adenovirus vector, abbreviated as adenovirus) the AEFI incidence was 13.33% (2/15); among the participants having non homologous vaccine booster dose, the AEFI incidence was 22.41% (13/58) or 4.30% (4/93) for those with the booster dose of adenovirus vaccine or recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (CHO cell vaccine). ConclusionThe incidence of AEFI was lower in the elderly after receiving booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine with different immunization schedules and most of the AEFI were transient, self-limiting reactions, indicating a good safety of booster immunization of COVID-19 vaccine .

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of influenza vaccine hesitancy among parents of children in primary/secondary schools and kindergartens in Guiyang city for providing references to influenza prevention in schools and kindergartens. MethodsUsing two-stage stratified random cluster sampling, we conducted an online survey among 12 338 parents of children from 15 secondary/15 primary schools and 15 kindergartens in Guiyang city, Guizhou province during September 2021. The study adopted a modified questionnaire developed by domestic researchers based on the theory of confidence, complacency, and convenience (“3C”). ResultsOf the 12 885 respondents (9 538 mothers and 2 747 fathers aged 37.74 ± 7.44 years) with valid replies, 62.27% reported the acceptance of their children′s influenza vaccination; 24.42% expressed neutral attitude towards the vaccination; and 13.13% refused to have their children vaccinated against influenza. Univariate analysis of variance showed that the parents′ influenza vaccine hesitancy was positively correlated with their complacency score (F = 365.061, P < 0.001) but inversely with confidence score (F = 175.758, P < 0.001) and convenience score (F = 71.173, P < 0.001). The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the respondents being mother and having two children were more likely to have a lower confidence in influenza vaccines; the respondents being mother, having two children and with a youngest child of more than 6 years old were more likely to have a higher complacency; the respondents with the education of college and having an average monthly income of more than 5 000 yuan RMB were more likely to have a higher perceived convenience for their children′s vaccination and a lower influenza vaccine hesitancy. ConclusionBased on "3C" model, the parents′ hesitancy for their children′s influenza vaccination is associated with their confidence, complacency, and convenience in the vaccination. The results suggest that measures on improving confidence but reducing complacency in influenza vaccine could be implemented among parents to increase influenza vaccination coverage among children.

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and influencing factors of influenza vaccination among junior high and primary school children and kindergarten children in Guiyang city of Guizhou province during an influenza season. MethodsUsing convenient sampling, we recruited 4 597 junior high/primary school and kindergarten students receiving vaccination services at 6 clinics for planned immunization in Guiyang city of Guizhou province. An online survey with a self-designed questionnaire was conducted among the students′ parents or guardians during November – December, 2020. ResultsAmong the 4 563 students with complete information, 50.14% were reported having been vaccinated against influenza, 15.76% not having been vaccinated due to lack of vaccines, 24.96% being ready to be vaccinated, and only 9.14% of the students′ parents/guardians reporting the unwillingness for their children′s influenza vaccination. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the students′ parents/guardians with following characteristics were more likely to have their children to be vaccinated against influenza: with the children in primary school (odds ratio [OR] = 1.705, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.391 – 2.089), working as teachers (OR = 1.928, 95% CI: 1.003 – 3.706), working as medical staff (OR = 1.857, 95% CI: 1.076 – 3.204), believing in the effect of influenza vaccine against influenza infection (OR = 1.351, 95% CI: 1.145 – 1.593), having the knowledge about the requirement of annual influenza vaccination (OR = 1.749, 95% CI: 1.515 – 2.019), with the children ever having influenza vaccination before July 2020 (OR = 7.603, 95% CI: 6.512 – 8.877), and being worried about dual prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza (OR = 1.643, 95% CI: 1.390 – 1.942) (P < 0.05 for all). ConclusionUnder the circumstance of COVID-19 epidemic, the parents/guardians of junior high/primary school and kindergarten students in Guiyang city had a higher willingness for their children′s influenza vaccination in 2020 – 21 influenza season and more than a half of the students had been vaccinated by the end of December 2020. The parents′/guardians′ willingness were significantly influenced by their knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccine.

Most insects mainly perceive external environment throught ordor, to maintain life activities. Research on the olfactory neuromechanism and molecular mechanism is important to make clear the function of insect olfactory cognitive and the bionics research by neural mechanisms of insect ordor perception. In recent years, the technology of neurobiology and molecular biology have great progress, especially the research on olfactory neuralstructure and molecular mechanism of insect odor perception, which makes a deeper research on the insect olfactory neural loop and molecular. According to the latest research results, this review focuses on the insect olfactory neuralstructure, molecular mechanism and the odor signal pathway including antennal sensilla, antennal lobe and mushroom body, as well as molecular mechanism of ordor perception and olfactory singnal pathway. Review results: Insect cognition of smell is realized through the olfactory nerve system in the brain nerve structure of multilayer signal processing, including antennal sensilla, antennal lob, and mushroom body. When the external odor molecules into the antennal sensilla, the sense of odour recognition protein specific device to odor molecules carrying reach the olfactory receptor neurons dendritic membrane receptor, odor molecules combination with the specific odor receptor produces electrical signal, with the action potentials through the ORN axon to the AL. In the antennal lobe after olfactory glomeruli has selective processing of olfactory information, then the PNs drlivery identification and classification odor information to MB and LH of the central nervous system, to achieve recognition and perception of odor. Although, recent studies of insect odorant cognitive neuroscience has made great progress, we believe that the results of the present study is not completely clarified the neural mechanisms of odorant perception. There are a lot of problems, such as, how lots of the olfactory glomeruli of antennal lobe encode the odor information introduction by the olfactory receptor. We need further study. In order to clarify these problems, we need to improve the existing experimental techniques, strengthening the electrophysiology and molecular neurobiology combination, neural mechanism of odor recognition from the molecular level may be the focus of study in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the computed tomography (CT) and clinical characteristics of patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type ( ENKTL) as well as the reason of misdiagnosis. Method The CT and clinical findings of 25 patients with nasal type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma were retrospectively reviewed, and the reasons of misdiagnosis were analyzed to avoid it. Results Of the 25 patients, 9 of 15 patients who had a sinus CT were misdiagnosed for sinusitis before admitted to our hospital. According to the extent of tumors, 16 patients showed localized type, the localized lesions were found in the anterior nasal cavity in 14 cases and in posterior part in 2 cases. On the basis of its properties, CT showed that soft tissue density tumor filled the nasal cavity, and spread along the nasal mucosa, enhanced CT showed mild to moderate heterogeneous enhancement. For localized types, bone mass showed no obvious change; for diffuse type, bone mass destruction can be showed along the middle of nasal cavity. For localized type patients, the lesions showed homogeneous density lesion in 5 cases and inhomogeneous density in 9 cases, only 2 cases showed bone change. For diffuse type patients, the lesions showed homogeneous density lesion in 5 cases and heterogeneous enhancement after enhanced CT in 4 cases. 4 cases extended to septum and orbit and hard palate and pterygopalatine fossa. Conclusion Computed tomography (CT) and clinical findings have specific manifestation which suggest the diagnosis in nasal type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma patients. But for localized type cases and early stages patients, no obvious specificity can be showed by imaging findings of CT and clinical symptom. Only by CT combined with clinical symptoms we can diagnose it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Maillard reaction during the production of brown sugar is critical to the color, flavor and functional characteristics of brown sugar, but it also produces substances potentially harmful to human health such as glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and acrylamide. This paper introduces the Maillard reaction at the key stages of the brown sugar production process, its influential factors, its possible harmful products and their effects on human health, and it puts forward some suggestions for controlling the production of harmful products from Maillard reaction during brown sugar production in order to provide a theoretical reference for improving the safety of brown sugar for consumption.

Soccer video event detection is of great significance to video retrieval.However,there are fewer events in soccer videos,and these events mainly occur in the far-view shot,which makes it difficult to capture key players and key actions,making soccer event detection more difficult.In recent years,methods based on deep learning have made some progress in soccer video event detection,but the learning ability of the high-level semantic of the event is still insufficient and the detection results need to be further improved.Therefore,how to improve the accuracy of soccer video event detection is an urgent problem to be solved.Taking the shooting event of free kick(free-kick shot event) as the research object,an event detection model combining soccer rules and deep learning is proposed.To have a deeper understanding of the inherent characteristics of the free-kick shot event,the event rules are manually summarized and verified on the public soccer dataset,and the corresponding application scenarios are also proposed.For the problem of too few events in soccer videos,rule-based initial localization algorithm is proposed to preprocess the videos.Through the combination and application of multiple rules,the location where the free-kick shot event may occur is initially located from the original video,which is used as the input of the deep learning model for further prediction.The proposed mo-del is compared with other models on the public soccer dataset.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves the best results,with the accuracy rate of 78% and the recall rate of 81.25%.Compared with other models,the improvement in accuracy is particularly prominent.It can be seen that the free-kick shot event detection model that combines soccer rules and deep learning effectively improves the performance of free-kick shot event detection and provides a basic reference for further research on the detection of other events in soccer videos.

The worldwide energy crisis necessitates the urgent need for energy conservation, especially in buildings whose energy consumption has already surpassed that of transportation and industrial sectors. Most of the energy loss in buildings is related to windows because their heat transfer coefficient is different from other building fabrics. Therefore, smart window technologies are proposed to eliminate energy usage, among which cholesteric liquid crystals show great potential due to their electrically controlled bistable properties. Cholesteric liquid crystals are characterized by two stable states: (1) the planar state that shows selective reflection or high light transmittance and (2) focal conic state that scatters incident light and shows opaque appearance. To realize a bistable state in which both the planar state and the focal conic state could be maintained without an external field is of vital importance for the application, since it could save considerable energy. In this study, oily streak defects and stability of the focal conic state are controlled by introducing a type of bent molecular materials. Effects of various factors on the bistable states are investigated, and the potential applications are explored. Results show that the bent molecule CB7CB could diminish the oily streak defects in the planar state and reduce the domain size of the focal conic state because it has a smaller bent elastic constant. The electro-optical test implies that bistable states are acquired in the composite containing CB7CB. Factors such as the anchoring strength of the alignment layer and cell thickness are then investigated and results reveal that strong anchoring and thinner cell thickness are not favored by the focal conic state. Moreover, bistable states could be stabilized by introducing a small amount of polymer followed by polymerization. Based on the above guidelines, colorless and colorful bistable light shutters are demonstrated, which could maintain both transparent and opaque states without any external electric field. The light shutter saves more energy than the one based on polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. Other potential applications, such as bistable displays and electronic label could also be realized based on the bistable property.

Objective: To investigate high-fat diet-induced obesity-triggered testicular cell senescence and endoplasmic reticulum stress., Methods: We randomly and equally divided 10 four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice into a control and a high-fat group, the former fed with a diet of 10% fat content while the latter with a diet of 60% fat content to establish an obesity model. After eight weeks of feeding, we observed the pathological changes in the testis tissue of the mice by HE staining, detected the serum T content by ELISA, measured the telomere length in the testis cells by RT-PCR, and examined the activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) by histochemical staining. Using RT-qPCR and Western blot, we determined the protein and mRNA expressions of the cell senescence markers p16 and p21 as well as the protein expressions of the endoplasmic reticulum stress markers GRP78 and CHOP in the testis tissue., Results: Compared with the controls, the animals of the high-fat group showed a 45% increase in the body weight, disordered structure of the spermatogenic cells, reduced level of serum T and shortened telomere length of the testis cells (P < 0.01). The mRNA and protein expressions of p16 and p21 were dramatically higher in the high-fat than in the control group (P<0.01), so were the intracellular SA-β-gal activity and the protein expressions of CHOP and GRP78 (P<0.01)., Conclusion: High-fat diet-induced obesity triggers testicular cell senescence and endoplasmic reticulum stress in male mice.

In order to expand the application range of the model for a single kind of fruits in the portable near infrared instrument, this paper comes up with a new method for the soluble solid content (SSC) model transfer between different kinds of fruits. This method is focusing on the idea of model transfer between different instruments. Based on the similar physical and chemical properties of apples, peaches and pears, such as the range of SSC content, fruit size and the thickness of peel, a simple Slope/Bias algorithm is applied to the transfer of apple SSC partial least square (PLS) model. After that, it can be used to predict pear & peach SSC value with very little extra samples. It’s more convenient and costs less by using this method. For pear samples, by using extra 35 standard samples to transfer apple SSC model, RMSEP reduced from 1.009 °Brix to 0.565 °Brix. For peaches, extra 40 standard samples led to a significant reduce of RMSEP from 1.726 °Brix to 0.677 °Brix after model transfer. To validate the feasibility of this model transfer method, both pear and peach SSC models were tested using the same Slope/Bias algorithm model transfer respectively. A pear SSC model was firstly set up and then transferred with Slope/Bias method. Taking 30 standard apples as samples, RMSEP value reached 0.597°Brix, while taking 40 standard peaches as samples, RMSEP value reached 0.689°Brix. The peach SSC model was transferred in the same way. For apples, using 35 standard samples, RMSEP value reached 0.654°Brix, and for pears, using 30 standard samples, RMSEP value reached 0.439°Brix. These results show that slope/bias algorithm can be used to transfer model between similar kinds of fruits such as apples, pears and peaches. The paper provides innovative ideas for the model transfer among similar kinds of materials, so that the portable near infrared instruments can be used more conveniently and widely.

Objective: To explore therapeutic effect of glutathione (GSH) on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) induced renal interstitial fibrosis and its mechanism in rat., Methods: Thirty-six adult healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (each n=12): sham operation group, UUO group and GSH group. Rats in UUO group and GSH group underwent left unilateral ureteral ligation as described previously. Rats in sham group had their ureters manipulated but not ligated. In GSH group, GSH was injected intraperitoneally (100 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) in different doses based on the animal's body weight, one day before UUO and then for consecutive 10 days after UUO. Meantime, same volume of physiological saline was given in sham operation and UUO groups as GSH group. Animals were sacrificed at 10 days after surgery. The pathological changes in obstructed kidney tissue were observed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson stains. The contents of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and total anti-oxygen capability (T-AOC) were measured by chemical colorimetry method, the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) was assayed by a modified xanthine/xanthine oxidase method, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by thiobarbituric acid method., Results: Ten days after UUO, swelling and atrophy in renal parenchyma of obstructed kidneys were clearly observed. Fibrous material and monocyte infiltration were increased in the interstitial space. Furthermore, thickening of interstitial space of the tubular basement membrane and widening of the interstitial space of the renal cortex were noted. Hypertrophy or atrophy of juxtaglomerular tubules were also observed. There were cellular or albumin casts in a part of tubules. Interstitial fibrosis was observed in obstructed kidneys 10 days after UUO. The data indicated that ureteral obstruction significantly increased the contents of Hyp and MDA, but decreased the content of T-AOC and T-SOD activity, as compared with sham operation group [Hyp: (0.524+/-0.132) microg/mg, T-AOC: (1.48+/-0.21) U/mg, T-SOD: (12.77+/-0.76) U/mg, MDA: (2.65+/-0.32) nmol/mg, all P<0.01]. Compared with UUO group, pathological changes were milder and the contents of Hyp [(1.598+/- 0.252) microg/mg vs. (1.027+/-0.196) microg/mg, P<0.05] and MDA [(4.58+/-0.59) nmol/mg vs. (3.26+/- 0.34) nmol/mg, P<0.05] were significantly decreased in kidney of GSH group, meanwhile the content of T-AOC was increased [(0.67+/-0.19) U/mg vs. (0.94+/-0.17) U/mg, P<0.05], but the content of T-SOD did not show any change [(9.39+/-0.87) U/mg vs. (9.41+/-0.93) U/mg, P>0.05]., Conclusion: Reduced glutathione treatment attenuates UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis via decreasing content of Hyp in UUO kidney and preventing oxidation stress injury.