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The adverb, “差不多（chabuduo）” and “几乎（jihu）” are close in core semantic meaning, but differ in semantics, syntax and usage. Semantically, “差不多（chabuduo）” expresses a deeper degree than that of “几乎（jihu）”; “差不多（chabuduo）” can mean either more than or less than when it modifies a quantitative component while “几乎（jihu）” can only mean less than; “差不多（chabuduo）” can mean both completed and unfinished, while “几乎（jihu）” generally means unfinished. Syntactically, both “差不多（chabuduo）” and “几乎（jihu）” can modify verbs, adjectives, quantifiers, nouns, etc. Pragmatically, “差不多（chabuduo）” is objective while “几乎（jihu）” tends to be subjective; they can be found in declarative sentences, interrogative sentences and exclamatory sentences; “差不多（chabuduo）” can only be found in yes-no questions and specific questions while “几乎（jihu）” can also appear in positive and negative questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the incomplete division of meanings and the lack of accuracy in the definition of “鸡（chicken）” in existing dictionaries, the authors divide the meanings of “鸡（chicken）” by combining the theory of physical structure and corpus technology, so as to improve the accuracy of the description of “鸡（chicken）” and the completeness of the division of meanings. It can be seen that the theory of physical structure provides theoretical support for the division and description of noun meanings, and has important value in improving the completeness, accuracy and systematicness of noun interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local feature information plays an important role in image segmentation, however, the referring image segmentation task is dependent on the text expression, so it is impossible to extract local feature information directly from the original reference image. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a specific noun-guided local feature extraction deep neural network model（NgLFNet). The NgLFNet model can automatically mine the local feature information of the object to be segmented according to the key nouns in the input text expression. Specifically, the model first obtains key nouns in text through sentence analysis; secondly, extracting corresponding features through text and image encoders, and using the key nouns to obtain local features of high-interest regions through the multihead attention mechanism; then the multi-modal features are gradually fused to learn; Finally, the decoding and correction module uses the obtained local features to perform more detailed corrections on the prediction mask to obtain the final result. The method in this paper is compared with a variety of mainstream referring segmentation methods and the experimental results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy of text-based instance segmentation task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

“娘（niang）” is originally a appellation for women, but now it contains the semantic features of [± women]. From the diachronic and synchronic perspectives, the author of this paper summarizes and analyzes the emerging nouns or predicate structures with “娘（niang）” as the core in contemporary Chinese corpus, and holds that these structures are mainly manifested in the lexical frame filling formed by extracting the substantive components or word-formation morphemes and the formal frame filling formed by relying on habitual forms. Pragmatically, it mainly has the function of reference and evaluation; emotional color, experienced praise women, despise men’s derogation, and then to today’s women’s self-ridicule and some men’s goodwill description. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“娘 (niang) ” is originally a appellation for women, but now it contains the semantic features of [± women]. From the diachronic and synchronic perspectives, the author of this paper summarizes and analyzes the emerging nouns or predicate structures with “娘（niang）” as the core in contemporary Chinese corpus, and holds that these structures are mainly manifested in the lexical frame filling formed by extracting the substantive components or word-formation morphemes and the formal frame filling formed by relying on habitual forms. Pragmatically, it mainly has the function of reference and evaluation; emotional color, experienced praise women, despise men’s derogation, and then to today’s women’s self-ridicule and some men’s goodwill description. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

“小（Xiao）” is widely used in Chinese, and it can produce different grammatical effects when combined with different linguistic units. In this study, the authors find that when “小（Xiao）” is combined with single syllable verbs or morphemes, it has the duality of grammatical nature, which can form adverbial phrases and double syllable words. The “小（Xiao）+V” double syllable words have the duality of nouns and verbs. The nouns with “小（Xiao）+V” structure also have the homograph feature, which can be understood as a phrase in the network language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimodal teaching uses a variety of meaningful symbols to create a multimodal context, mobilize students' multiple senses to construct class activities, stimulate learning interest, and help to improve the efficiency of classroom teaching and students' learning. This paper selects nouns from the Legislative Chinese Corpus to explore the multimodal teaching of nouns in terms of different semantic classes. This research enriches the application of multimodality in teaching Chinese for specific purposes and has significance for guiding legal language teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ideophones are a particular lexical class of expressive words depicting perceptual events or states, and are said to be a universal or near-universal feature of language (Dingemanse, 2012:655; Kilian-Hatz, 2001:163). This paper presents an overview of Ẹdo ideophones to characterize them in terms of their occurrence in grammatical syntactic frames. It investigates what sets them apart within word classes in Ẹdo and how they differ from their non-ideophonic counterparts in sentential constructions. The Basic Linguistic Theory was adopted as the method for data analysis. This was done to show how ideophones manifest syntactically in the language. Ideophones appear in copular frames with some verbs in the language, especially the verb ‘to be’. This paper concludes that Ẹdo ideophones do not occur pre-nominally in the language.

From the perspective of lexicalization, the author examines the emergence of “一条龙（ Yitiaolong） ”as a “numeral + classifier + noun” structure and that as a noun, analyzes the formal and semantic features of the noun of “一条龙（ Yitiaolong） ”. Besides, she discusses the lexicalization motivation of the word by combining lexicalization rules, conceptual metaphor theory, national cultural characteristics and historical background. It is believed that the noun of “一条龙（ Yitiaolong） ”is different from that as a “numeral + classifier + noun” structure in the generation time and path. In the form of expression, the noun“一条龙（ Yitiaolong） ”often needs to be quoted; in terms of semantic features, it has multiple meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the word "高光 ( gaoguang) " and its English etymology as well as the change of its meaning and usage were analyzed. From the meaning of the brightest areas in photography and painting, the word obtains new meanings such as "highly concerned" and "wonderful and pinnacle". It can be used as a morpheme word or an independent word. As a morpheme word, it is often used in the fixed structure of "高光 ( gaoguang) + a double syllable noun"; as an independent word, it can be used as an adverb to modify an action or behavior, or be used as an independent word and be modified by other components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being vivid and humorous, the ancient words in Chongqing dialect have distinct local characteristics. Though they are frequently used in local language, they are rarely or not spoken in Mandarin. In this study, the nouns, verbs, and adjectives of ancient words in Chongqing dialect were analyzed, by which their characteris­tics were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The common spoken words in Gaoan dialect are divided into nouns, verbs and adjectives. Their origin forms are investigated so as to reveal the synchronic connection between Gaoan dialect and other Gan dialects as well as its close historical link with the ancient Chinese language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nankai Journal: Philosophy, Literature & Social Science Edition / Nankai Xuebao: Zhexue Shehui Kezue Ban is the property of Nankai Xuebao Bianjibu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Chinese character ... (Romanized as 'huo'; English meaning 'or') can be used in many ways, including as a noun, verb, pronoun, and logical connective. As it functions as a logical connective, at least five different semantic meanings (inclusive-, exclusive-, identical-, whole-, and both-or) have been distinguished. This paper explores the deployment and meaning variations of 'huo' in elementary science texts. The findings indicate that the five types of 'huo' are prevailingly deployed in elementary science text. Crucially, the texts consistently lack linguistic cues for teachers and readers to understand the exact meaning. Understanding the meaning of 'huo' depends a great deal on domain knowledge. Strategies for teaching logical connectives and topics for further investigations are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study argues that along with an increasing number of monosyllabic bound morphemes, Modern Mandarin has begun to add disyllabic bound forms to its inventory of linguistic elements. Yiqian 'before' and yihou 'after' are two such examples. The behavior of phrase-final yiqian/yihou indicates that they are not nouns, postpositions, word affixes or phrasal affixes; rather, they are nominal bound forms at the phrasal-level. Thus they constitute a new category in the domain of morpho-syntax. It is suggested that the emergence of these bound forms is a consequence of the early origin and the frequency with which they occur at the phrase-final position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Old Uighur manuscript Kšanti Kılguluk Nom Bitig was translated from the Chinese text Cibei-daochang-chanfa. The fragments of this manuscript is found both within China and abroad. Scholars from different countries have studied these fragments and published their research findings in the last few years. However, few scholars have studied the linguistic features of this manuscript so far. This paper utilizes the two volumes of Das Buch von der Sündentilgung, Edition des alttürkischbuddhistischen Ksanti Kilguluk Nom Bitig (Berliner Turfantexte XXV) by Jens Wilkens in 2007 to discuss the case of nouns in Ksanti Kilguluk Nom Bitig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is intended to explore the semantic processing of unambiguous noun, unambiguous verb and verb-noun ambiguous word in Mandarin Chinese by using event-related potentials (ERP). The experiment, which was conducted in the lexical decision task, contained four sets of stimuli: disyllabic unambiguous nouns (UN), unambiguous verbs (UV), verb-biased (V-VN) and noun-biased (N-VN) verb-noun ambiguous words. The results showed that the amplitude values of P2 and N400 corresponding to the semantic processing were greater for UN and UV than for V-VN and N-VN and UN elicited greater P2 and N400 than UV. Furthermore, the results indicated that the N400 component included a frontal "imagistically sensitive N400" and a posterior "linguistically sensitive N400". The amplitudes of N400 activated by UN and UV were more negative than those of V-VN and N-VN on the frontal electrodes because UN and UV were more concrete than V-VN and N-VN. Meanwhile, N400 on the posterior scalp sites was related to semantic features. UN that designated men and things elicited higher N400 than UV, V-VN and N-VN; UV that referred to action and behaviors elicited higher N400 than V-VN and N-VN; V-VN and N-VN that referred to behaviors and designated event elicited smaller N400 values. Besides, N-VN elicited a LPC component that was the reflection of confidence in the decision-making process, with more positive magnitude than UN, UV and V-VN. It indicated that the decision confidence of N-VN was greater than that of UN, UV and V-VN because N-VN was more notable in semantic activation. V-VN that had multiple meanings elicited higher LPC than UN and UV on some electrodes, indicating that the decision confidence was higher for V-VN than for UN and UV. Since both UN and VN had a single meaning, they were less notable in semantic activation, which resulted in less decision confidence and lower LPC amplitudes. The results of LPC reflected the continuum of grammatical classes as "UV--V-VN--N--VN--UN', which provided the supporting evidence for the conformance of syntax level and semantic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexibility of the part of speech is a very common and important linguistic phenomenon in ancient Chinese. The author aimed to describe and probe into it by investigating the flexible use of the nouns in Zuozhuan which is a large-scale literature in the Pre-Qin Dynasty. In Zuozhuan, there are 89 nouns which occasionally offend their routine grammatical characteristics and are flexibly used as verbs, adverbs, etc. for as many as 227 times. These nouns have the following characteristics: On the grammatical aspect, they have evident structural characteristics when they are flexibly used as other parts of speech occasionally. On the semantic aspect, there are inseparable relations between the meanings of the nouns before and after flexible use. They can be summarized into derivation,metonymy and metaphor. On the pragmatic aspect,the flexible use of nouns has special expressive functions, which are intensively embodied in styles, personal characteristics and contexts. By investigating the flexible use of the nouns in Zuozhuan,it can be concluded that " flexibility of the part of speech" is a special grammatical phenomenon that originated from and accommodated the characteristics of Chinese language. It is evidently different from the combination of the parts of speech, interchangeability of words and read. It is one of the important structural methods of ancient Chinese, especially in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, and has special grammatical functions which are different from the flexible use for rhetorical effect in contemporary Chinese. It is important to scientifically describe it to know the characteristics of ancient Chinese, to read ancient literature and to understand the traditional culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]