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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To improve the heating cigarette product quality and stability, an evaluation method for tobacco raw materials used in heated cigarette was evaluated based on sensory quality and conventional components. Firstly, the similarity of sensory quality between tobacco raw materials and reference samples was calculated. Then the correlation between conventional chemical components and sensory quality of tobacco raw materials was further analyzed by grey correlation method. Again, the suitability of tobacco raw materials was evaluated based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and membership degree. Finally, the consistency and accuracy of the method were verified through repeated experiments and classification experiments. The results showed that total nitrogen and nicotine have a relatively high correlation with sensory evaluation indexes, while the correlation between the difference in two sugars and sensory evaluation indexes was relatively low. Total nitrogen and nicotine could be used as the main concern indexes in the evaluation of heated tobacco leaves. 22 kinds of tobacco raw materials samples could be divided into heated cigarette-oriented tobacco modules, auxiliary tobacco modules and filled tobacco modules. It has been proved that the evaluation method has good consistency and accurate classification, which can provide reference for formulation design and maintenance effectively, and has certain practical value and guiding significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] To explore different organic fertilizer application measures suitable for Zhangmulin small leaf tobacco and Daning tobacco, and provide scientific basis for expanding the planting scale of sun-cured tobacco in Guangxi. [Method] Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different fertilizer combinations of compound fertilizer, tobacco specific organic fertilizer, and farm manure (tung seed blight, peanut bran, chicken manure, and clay ash) on the growth and physicochemical properties of Zhangmulin small leaf tobacco and Daning tobacco. [Result] For Zhangmulin small-leaved tobacco, the growth of tobacco plants in Z2 and 24 treatments was better, with leaf area reaching 810.58 cm2; Z2 treatment had the largest single leaf weight, and its filling value increased by 29.03% compared to Z1 treatment; for Zhangmulin small leaf tobacco and Daning tobacco, the content of total sugar and reducing sugar was the best under fertilization treatments of Z2 and Z4, D1 and D4, respectively. Compared to Daning tobacco, Zhangmulin small leaf tobacco were low in nicotine, low in potassium and high in chlorine. [Conclusion] In the application measures of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer for Zhangmulin small leaf tobacco and Daning tobacco, peanut bran and chicken manure, tung seed blight, chicken manure, and clay ash can be applied to each plant of Zhangmulin small leaf tobacco and Daning tobacco to replace tobacco specific organic fertilizer, which is better for the growth and quality of tobacco plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Studies have found that nicotine can activate the dopamine system, slowing the progression of Parkinson’s disease, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Research on the neuroprotective mechanism of nicotine in animal models of Parkinson’s disease is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of nicotine on rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease in mice. METHODS: Twenty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into vehicle group, rotenone group, autophagy agonist group and nicotine group, with seven mice in each group. Dopaminergic nerve damage was induced by rotenone in C57BL/6 mice, and the autophagy agonist (rapamycin) or nicotine was given before modeling. The spatial exploration function of the mice was observed by open field test. Western blot and Q-PCR were used to detect the expression of α-synuclein, autophagy related factors Beclin-1 and P62, and apoptosis-related factors Bax, Bcl-2 and Cleaved-caspase3 in the nigra of each group. The deposition of mitochondria, autophagosomes and lipofuscin in nigra cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The survival of neurons was observed by Nissl staining. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was observed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The open field test showed that the distance, average speed and time of movement were reduced in the rotenone group compared with the solvent group. Compared with the rotenone group, the exercise distance, average speed and exercise time of mice were increased in the nicotine group and autophagy agonist group (P < 0.05). The results of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed that the mean fluorescence intensity and mean absorbance value of tyrosine hydroxylase in the rotenone group decreased compared with that in the solvent group. Compared with the rotenone group, the mean fluorescence intensity and mean absorbance value of tyrosine hydroxylase were increased in the nicotine group and autophagy agonist group. Western blot and Q-PCR results showed that compared with the solvent group, the expressions of α-synuclein and P62 in the rotenone group were increased, while Beclin-1 expression was decreased (P < 0.05); compared with the rotenone group, the expression of α-synuclein and P62 decreased in the nicotine group and autophagy agonist group, and the expression of Beclin-1 increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the solvent group, the expressions of Bax and Cleaved caspase3 were increased and Bcl-2 expression was decreased in the rotenone group (P < 0.05); compared with the rothenone group, the expressions of Bax and Cleaved-caspase3 were decreased and the expression of Bcl-2 was increased in the nicotine and autophagy agonist groups (P < 0.05). To conclude, nicotine may have a dopaminergic neuroprotective effect on rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse models by improving autophagy dysfunction and reducing apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to clarify the characteristics and influence of soil water content, soil porosity, soil nutrients and the flue-cured tobacco quality in the condition of different dosage of water retaining agent (Potassium polycalcium), to apply the important supply to relieve drought and enhance the quality of the tobacco. Methods] The random-groups design and the condition of different dosages of water retention agent were adopted to measure the indices of soil water content. soil nutrients and tobacco. quality. [Results] As the dosages of water retention agent increased the soil pH value changed from 7.4 το 7.7. total porosity, capillary porosity, soil saturated water content field capacity, capillary water content first increased then decreased. when the dosage of water retaining agent reached to 150 kg/hm, the value of soil bulk density reached to the lowest value. However, the values of total porosity, capillary porosity, soil saturated water content and capillary porosity reached to the highest values. The value of CEC showed fluctuated changes. With the increased of the dosages of water retention agent, the soil organic carbon, soil total potassium available potassium first increased then decreased. However, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus showed the increasing trends. But the bulk density first decreased then increased. The chlorine and total nitrogen of the tobacco leaves showed the trends of the upper leaves < the middle leaves < the lower leaves, and as the concentrations of the water retention agent increased, the content of the chlorine of the tobacco leaves showed the fluctuating change. The potassium of middle and upper leaves of the tobacco leaves were higher than that of the lower leaves. And it increased as the concentrations of the water retention agent increased. The content of nicotine changed as the order: the upper leaves the middle leaves the lower leaves, and there existed the weak correlation between nicotine and the concentration of the water retention agents. The reducing sugar and total sugar showed the similar change trends. The ratio of potassium and chlorine changed as the order: the upper leaves > the middle leaves > the lower leaves, and showed the fluctuating change trends as the concentration of water retention agent increased. However, the ratio of nicotine and total nitrogen and the ratio of sugar and alkaline. showed the order: the upper leaves < the middle leaves < the lower leaves, and the two ratios increased as the concentration of water retention agents increased. Meanwhile, there existed the significant positive correlation between the soil total nitrogen and the chlorine contents, the potassium of the upper leaves, the reducing sugar (p<0.05). Also there existed the significant positive correlation between the soil organic carbon and the chlorine contents, the reducing sugar the potassium of the upper leaves, the nicotine of the lower leaves (p<0.05). [Conclusion Above all, the dosage of 150 kg/hm' is considered as the best dosage to soil amelioration in southwest China. Also this study can supply the basis and data supports to the anti- drought ability and enhance the flue-cured tobacco quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking Xuanwei BFE, XFE and Tengchong BFE tobacco leaves in Yunnan province as the research object, the conventional chemical components and volatile aroma components of the above three kinds of tobacco leaves under different storage warehouses (mechanical warehouse, natural warehouse, moisturizing warehouse) and different storage time (3 months, 9 months, 12 months, 15 months, 18 months) were compared and analyzed, and the volatile aroma components were analyzed by principal component analysis. The results showed the following: 1) the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar in tobacco leaves decreased by 9%~19% and 12% ~22%, respectively. In natural warehouse, the reducing sugar and total sugar content of tobacco leaves decreased slowly, while in mechanical warehouse and moisturizing warehouse, the reducing sugar and total sugar contents decreased rapidly, but the contents of chloride ion and nicotine did not change basically. Furthermore, the sugar-nicotine ratio fluctuated in mechanical warehouse and moisturizing warehouse. The fluctuation range of Yunnan Tengchong BFE and Yunnan Xuanwei BFE tobacco leaves was 7~11, while the fluctuation range of Yunnan Xuanwei XFE tobacco leaves was 15~20. 2) With the proceeding of aging, the content of volatile aroma components of three kinds of tobacco leaves in different warehouse showed a rapid upward trend, among which acids, phenols and ketones increased significantly. In the natural warehouse, the content of volatile aroma components of three kinds of tobacco leaves was the lowest. 3) The two principal components extracted from the same type of tobacco leaves in different warehouses had a cumulative contribution rate of 100%, and the principal components of volatile aroma components in the same type of tobacco leaves in different warehouses showed significant differences. Accordingly, mechanical warehouse was more suitable for Yunnan Xuanwei BFE and XFE tobacco leaves aging, while moisturizing warehouse was more suitable for Yunnan Tengchong BFE tobacco leaves aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heated tobacco products show great market potential because of their advantages in terms of low toxicity, minimal production of second-hand smoke, and a similarity of smoking experience to traditional cigarettes. However, a change in heating method can cause the temperature in the mainstream smoke to be too high. Therefore, the development of cooling filters for heated tobacco products is urgently needed. With cellulose diacetate filter rod as the carrier, and food-grade paraffin wax as the phase change endothermic material, cooling filter rods made of paraffin wax/cellulose diacetate were prepared by the impregnation method, and the developed rods were characterized by TG/DTA, FT-IR, DSC and SEM. The effects of melting point and loading amount of paraffin wax on the temperature in the mainstream smoke of heated tobacco product were investigated. The filter rods are produced by the adsorption of paraffin wax onto the filter rods of cellulose diacetate. Good heat absorption capacity and thermal stability of the system are observed in the smoking process. When the mass fraction of the emulsified 52# paraffin wax is 60%, i.e. the loading amount of paraffin wax is 35 mg, the three-stage cooling filter composed of paraffin wax/cellulose diacetate filter rod show a significant cooling effect on the mainstream smoke, leading to a reduction of temperature from 68 °C to 42 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To understand the differences in key quality indicators of domestic and foreign typical wrapper tobacco leaves, we determined the conventional chemical components and neutral aroma compounds in 40 samples of wrapper tobacco leaves from four countries: China, Brazil, Dominican Republic, and Indonesia. Key differential indicators were screened and correlated using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and Pearson Correlation Analysis. The results indicated that: the total sugar and reducing sugar mass fractions of domestic wrapper tobacco leaves were significantly higher than those of foreign wrapper tobacco leaves, the nicotine mass fraction was significantly higher than that of Brazilian and Indonesian tobacco leaves, the nitrogen alkali ratio was significantly lower than that of Brazilian and Indonesian tobacco leaves, the potassium mass fraction was significantly lower than that of tobacco leaves from Brazil and the Dominican Republic. The total amount of neutral aroma compounds and the content of new phytodienes in domestic wrapper tobacco leaves were higher than those in foreign wrapper tobacco leaves, the content of phenylalanine degradation products was similar to that of tobacco leaves from Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Indonesia, the content of browning reaction products was significantly higher than that of foreign wrapper tobacco leaves. There were a total of 16 different indicators of differences in wrapper tobacco leaves both domestically and internationally. Eleven indicators, including the content of the β-damascus ketone, guaiacol showed relatively high values in domestic wrapper tobacco leaves. The five indicators, including benzaldehyde content, total nitrogen mass fraction, and nitrogen alkali ratio, showed relatively high values in foreign wrapper tobacco leaves. Among the 16 differential indicators, the total nitrogen mass fraction and nitrogen to base ratio were highly significantly positively correlated with the content of dihydrokiwifruit internal fat, 2-acetylpyrrole, and benzaldehyde, and extremely significant negative correlation between the content of damarone and β-damascus ketone, the mass fractions of total sugar, reducing sugar, and nicotine had an inverse relationship with the neutral aroma substances mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

nicotine on Poly (I∶C)-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive behavioral changes in mice. Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR) agonist Methods Sixty female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, Poly (I∶C) group, nicotine group and α7nAchR antagonist group (MLA group), with 15 mice in each group. Mice in the model group were given Poly (I∶C)12 mg/kg through intraperitoneal injection to prepare the central nervous inflammation models. Mice in the nicotine group were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg nicotine 30 min before injection of Poly (I∶C). Mice in the MLA group were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg MLA 1 h before injection of Poly (I∶C) and 1 mg/kg nicotine 30 min before injection of Poly (I∶C). Mice in the model group and the normal control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline at the same time point. Three hours after modeling, 6 mice in each group were randomly selected for water maze experiment and open field experiment. The times of crossing the original platform, escape latency, average movement speed and distance of mice were recorded, so as to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability and autonomous motor ability of mice. Three mice in each group were randomly selected to be killed, and brain tissues were collected. The activation of microglia in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex was observed by immunohistochemical method to evaluate the degree of central nervous inflammation in mice. The mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, INF-β, INF-α and IL-1β were detected by qPCR, and the protein phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 was detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the normal control group, water maze test in the Poly (I∶C) group showed prolonged latency and reduced frequency of crossing the platform; open field test showed decreased mean motion speed and distance, increased activation of microglia in hippocampus and prefrontal lobe, increased expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, INF-β, INF-α and IL-1β in the brain tissues, and increased level of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in brain tissues (all P<0. 05). Compared with the Poly (I∶C) group, the water maze test in the nicotine group showed prolonged latency and increased frequency of crossing the platform, the open field test showed increased mean movement speed and distance, decreased activation of microglia in hippocampus and prefrontal lobe, and decreased expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, INF-β, INF-α and IL-1β in the brain tissues, and decreased level of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in brain (all P<0. 05). Compared with the nicotine group, the water maze test in the MLA group showed prolonged latency and decreased frequency of crossing the platform, the open field test showed decreased mean motion speed and distance, increased activation of microglia in hippocampus and prefrontal lobe, and increased expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, INF-β, INF-α and IL-1β in the brain tissues, and increased level of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in the brain tissues (all P<0. 05). Conclusion Nicotine can improve the neuroinflammation and cognitive behavioral changes induced by Poly (I∶C) in mice, and the mechanism is related to the reduction of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation through nicotine acting on α7nAchR, thus reducing the release of inflammatory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPublic places are frequently polluted by cigarette smoking, and there is a lack of accurate, real-time, and intelligent monitoring technology to identify smoking behavior. It is necessary to develop a tool to identify cigarette smoking behavior in public places for more efficient control of cigarette smoking and better indoor air quality. ObjectiveTo construct a model for recognizing cigarette smoking behavior based on real-time indoor concentrations of PM2.5 in public places. MethodsReal-time indoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured for at least 7 continuous days in 10 arbitrarily selected places (6 public service providers and and 4 office or other places) from Oct. to Nov. 2022 in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Indoor nicotine concentrations were monitored with passive samplers simultaneously. Outdoor PM2.5 concentration data were obtained from three municipal environmental monitoring stations which were nearest to each monitoring point during the same period. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare indoor and outdoor means of PM2.5 concentrations, and Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze indoor PM2.5 and nicotine concentrations. An interactive plot and a random forest model was applied to examine the association between video observation validated indoor smoking behavior and real-time indoor PM2.5 concentrations in an Internet cafe. ResultsThe average indoor PM2.5 concentration in the places providing public services [(97.5±149.3) µg·m−3] was significantly higher than that in office and other places [(19.8±12.2) µg·m−3] (P=0.011). The indoor/outdoor ratio (I/O ratio) of PM2.5 concentration in the public service providers ranged from 1.1 to 19.0. Furthermore, the indoor PM2.5 concentrations in the 10 public places were significantly correlated with the nicotine concentrations (rs=0.969, P

To solve the problems of dense structure of tobacco stalk, strong nicotine inhibition and low conversion efficiency of cellulosic sugars, the tobacco stalks were pretreated with Irpex lacteus. The composition and structure changes of tobacco stalks before and after pretreatment were compared to study the effects of I. lacteus pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis and saccharification of tobacco stalks. The conversion rate of lactic acid from tobacco stalks fermented by Bacillus coagulans under different fermentation conditions (simultaneous saccharification fermentation, batch fermentation) was further compared. The results showed that the mass fraction of lignin in the tobacco stalks was reduced by 44.90% compared with that of the raw tobacco stalks. Biological pretreatment using I. lacteus could selectively destroy the macromolecular structure of lignin, and the benzene ring structure and side chain groups of lignin were also degraded. The reactivity of cellulose in tobacco stalks was improved after pretreatment with I. lacteus and the yield of glucose was 260 mg/g, which was enhanced by 2.25 times compared with raw tobacco stalks. Compared with batch fermentation, the lactic acid yield of simultaneous saccharification fermentation was higher (392.16 mg/g), and the conversion rate of lactic acid reached 86.95%, which was 3.78 times higher than that of raw tobacco stalks. The pretreatment of I. lacteus could selectively degrade lignin of tobacco stalks, reduce the resistance of enzymatic hydrolysis to saccharification of tobacco stalks and increase the conversion rate of lactic acid of tobacco stalks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the metabolic differences between the local flue-cured tobacco variety Jiucaiping 2 selected by the Bijie Tobacco Company and the control variety Yunyan 87 planted in the Bijie area, lay the foundation for further revealing the molecular mechanism of the aroma style characteristics of Jiucaiping 2 tobacco leaves, and provide theoretical basis for the promotion and application of this variety. [Method]Taking Yunyan 87 as the reference material, the metabolome analysis of Yunyau 87 and Jiucaiping 2 fresh tobacco leaves from three tobacco leaf production areas ( Dayi, Kele, Tiejiaug) in Hezhaug county, Bijie city was carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. [ Result] A total of 1880 peaks were detected in the tobacco samples, and principal component analysis showed significant metabolic differences between Jiucaiping 2 and Yunyan 87 in three tobacco producing regions. Metabolite difference analysis was performed with difference multiple greater than 2 and the P < 0. 05 oft-test as the standard. The order of ion quantity differences among different production areas was Dayi > Kele > Tiejiaug. At the same time, it was identified that 46 ion peaks had au increased accumulation in Jiucaiping 2 from three production areas, while 49 ion peaks had a decreased accumulation in Jiucaiping 2 from three production areas. A flavonoid metabolite M_9637[luteolin 7-(6'-malonylglucoside) ]was further identified among the peaks with increased accumulation in Jiucaiping 2. Widely-targeted metabolic analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in two tobacco varieties revealed an increasing trend of accumulation of two types of flavonoids (isorhamnetin and quercetin) in Jiucaiping 2. The analysis of nomicotine and nicotine showed that both metabolites tended to accumulate and decrease in Jiucaiping 2. [Conclusion] In the study, the comparative analysis of the metabolites of Jiucaiping 2 and Yunyan 87 in three tobacco producing areas found that the metabolism of flavonoids in Jiucaiping 2 was higher than that of Yunyan 87, and the metabolism of nicotine was lower than that of Yunyau 87. The differences in the accumulation of the above two types of substances may be the basis for the formation of the aroma style characteristics of Jiucaiping 2 tobacco leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tobacco Science & Technology is the property of Tobacco Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tobacco Science & Technology is the property of Tobacco Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the effect of nicotine (NIC) on the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and its molecular mechanism. Methods Different concentrations of NIC (0, 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L) were used to treat HepG2 cells for 0, 24 or 48 h to observe the change of PCSK9, which is closely related to the metabolism of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Then the cells were grouped into control group (normal culture medium), NIC group (10 μmol/L for 24 h), NIC+inhibitor (MH) group (10 μmol/L NIC inhibitor, mecamylamine hydrochloride), NIC+Raf inhibitor (PLX) group (1 μmol/L Raf inhibitor, PLX4720), NIC+MEK inhibitor (PD) group (1 μmol/L MEK inhibitor, PD0325901), and NIC+ERK inhibitor (CC) group (1 μmol/L ERK inhibitor, CC-90003)(n=3). The cells from the latter 4 groups were pretreated with corresponding agents for 1 h followed by 10 μmol/L NIC co-culture for 24 h. CCK-8 assay, cell scratch test and oil red O staining were used to detect cell viability, migration and lipid deposition, respectively. Then network pharmacology was employed to screen the common targets and action pathways of LDL-C and NIC. Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were performed to measure the protein and mRNA levels of PCSK9 and Raf, MEK and ERK in MAPK pathway. The expression level of PCSK9 was directly detected by immunofluorescence staining and ELISA. Results As the concentration of NIC increased, viability of HepG2 cells was decreased continuously, with the decline more significant at 48 h than at 24 h. The migration ability and lipid deposition of HepG2 cells were increased in the NIC group than the CON group (P < 0.01), while were decreased in the MH group than the NIC group (P < 0.01). There are 257 intersection targets of LDL-C and NIC, and the core target of their protein-protein interaction (PPI) involves MAPK pathway. Biological process included "positive regulation of MAPK activity", and the enrichment fraction of "lipid and atherosclerosis" got the highest in pathway analysis. Compared with the CON group, the protein and mRNA levels of Raf, MEK and ERK were increased in the NIC group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while those of related molecules were significantly reduced in the MH group than the NIC group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The protein and mRNA levels of PCSK9 were upregulated in the NIC group (P < 0.05), while those in the MH, PLX, PD and CC groups were decreased than the NIC group (P < 0.05). Conclusion NIC enhanced lipid deposition and migration ability and regulates the expression of PCSK9 through the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. And the up-regulation of PCSK9 may be an important cause of intracellular lipid deposition.

"Tobacco-free" or synthetic nicotine products have been favored by the majority of young people, which undoubtedly increase the potential health risks and regulatory challenges. Currently, there are few reliable methods for the determination of authenticity of natural nicotine and synthetic nicotine. The analytical techniques based on mass spectrometry have broad application prospects in component sequence analysis. structure analysis, molecular weight determination and component content determination. The synthesis processes of natural nicotine and synthetic nicotine are different, and their isotopic fractionations are also different. Here, a method of tandem mass spectrometry based on isotope model peak was developed using this feature. The source or naturalness of nicotine is verified by comparing the abundance and area ratio of [M + H]+ and [M+H+1]+ peaks of nicotine, and the abundance ratio of [M+H]+ and [M+H+1]+ peaks as fragments of parent ions. A total of 47 experimental results showed that the m/z 164. 1. 163. 1 peak abundance ratios and the area ratios of natural nicotine and synthetic nicotine in MS spectra were significantly different. In addition, in MS/MS spectra, the abundance ratios of fragment ions of m/z 163. 1. 164. 1 also had significant differences. Among the variables with significant differences. the overall abundance ratio of synthetic nicotine was higher than that of natural nicotine. The evaluation model for the identification of natural nicotine and synthetic nicotine was further constructed by combining chemometric methods. Using OPLS-DA modeling, the discriminant accuracy was 97. 87%. Moreover, rankings of importance of variables differed depending on the model of the evaluation. 164. 1-85. 1/84. 1, 164. 1-85. 1/(84. 1+85. 1), 163. 1-131. 1/131. 1. 163. 1-131. 1/(130.1+131. 1) were the key discriminant variables. This method has the advantages of simple operation, rapid operation and no need for quantitative analysis, which will help to accurately identify, label and supervise tobacco products from different nicotine sources on the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tobacco Science & Technology is the property of Tobacco Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are different forms of nicotine in tobacco and tobacco products, and the differences in their contents significantly impact tobacco products. Based on a brief review of nicotine forms, the research on the differences in the release and physiological effects of different forms of nicotine is reviewed. It pointed out that: due to differences in physicochemical properties, freebase nicotine in tobacco products is more easily released into the aerosol; in terms of sensory effects and freebase nicotine is more irritating, and nicotine salts are relatively softer; in terms of absorption rate, due to the existence of multiple modes of administration, the absorption rate of different forms of nicotine exists in terms of toxicity, free nicotine is generally less toxic than nicotine salts, but the toxicity of nicotine salts varies depending on the type of acid ions; in terms of addictiveness, nicotine salts may be more addictive than free nicotine and may vary depending on the type of acid ions. In the future, the differences in ab- sorption rate, toxicity and addictive physiological effects of freebase nicotine and nicotine salts and their potential mechanisms should be thoroughly investigated to better guide the application of nicotine salts in tobacco products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 Analyzing the key physical and chemical indexes that affects the sensory quality of middle tobacco leaves (C3F grade) in Weifang, which can provide a certain theoretical basis for further improving the sensory quality of tobacco leaves in Weifang tobacco area. 【Method】 The key phenotypic, sensory and chemical parameters of the middle tobacco leaves of Linqu and Zhucheng from 2019 to 2021 were determined by physical measurement, chemical detection and sensory evaluation. 【Result】 The sensory evaluation of tobacco in middle leaves of Weifang was good, compared with Linqu tobacco area, the leaf length, leaf width, leaf weight, leaf thickness and leaf surface density of middle leaves in Zhucheng tobacco area was increased by 5.45%, 7.31%, 25.42%, 15.36% and 12.46%, respectively, while the stem content was decreased by 11.32%. The content of reducing sugar, total sugar, starch, nitrogen and chlorine in Zhucheng tobacco was increased by 9.83%, 6.23%, 26.12%, 7.9% and 291% compared to Linqu tobacco area, but the ratio of potassium to potassium chloride was significantly lower than that in Linqu tobacco area. The canonical correlation analysis of sensory quality and chemical indexes of tobacco leaves respectively obtained 1 and 0 pair canonical variables in Linqu and Zhucheng respectively, the results showed that the indexes of sensory quality which have a great influence on the canonical variables in Linqu were impurity, aftertaste and combustibility, and the chemical indexes were two-sugar ratio, chlorine content, potassium-chlorine ratio and total nitrogen content in leaves. The canonical correlation analysis of sensory evaluation and physical indexes of tobacco leaves respectively obtained 1 and 2 pair canonical variables in Linqu and Zhucheng respectively, the results showed that the indexes of sensory quality which have a great influence on the canonical variables of Linqu were aroma amount, gray amount, aftertaste amount and impurity, and the physical index was leaf length. The sensory quality which had great influence on the canonical variables of Zhucheng were combustibility, fragrance and total score, and the physical indexes was single leaf weight, leaf length and leaf width. Further correlation analysis of the above representative indicators showed that the aftertaste of Linqu tobacco leaves was promoted by nicotine content, while was inhibited by sugar-base ratio, miscellaneous gas was inhibited by chlorine content and aroma quantity was inhibited by leaf thickness and leaf surface density. The aroma of Zhucheng tobacco leaves was promoted by leaf density, and the burning ability was inhibited by the increase of leaf length, leaf width and single leaf weight. 【Conclusion】 The changes of physicochemical indexes of middle tobacco leaves significantly affected its sensory quality in Weifang tobacco area, in which, the representative physical indexes were leaf length, leaf weight and leaf width, the representative chemical indexes were the ratio of two sugars, chlorine, potassium/chlorine ratio and total nitrogen content, and the representative sensory indexes were impurities, aftertaste, combustibility, aroma and gray. In addition, it is suggesting that further increasing the reducing sugar, potassium content and sugar-alkali ratio of middle tobacco leaves in Weifang, and reducing the chlorine content of middle tobacco leaf in Zhucheng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The effects of combined application of chemical fertilizer and biochar on the yield, quality, and main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were discussed to provide a theoretical basis for the chemical fertilizer reduction application. 【Method】 Tobacco variety Yunyan 85 was taken as the test material, five treatments of chemical fertilizer and biochar were set up, CK (control): conventional fertilizer; T1: conventional fertilizer+180 kg/hm² biochars; T2: conventional fertilizer+360 kg/hm² biochars; T3: 80% base chemical fertilizer+180 kg/hm² biochars; T3: 80% base chemical fertilizer+360 kg/hm² biochars. Three repeated randomized block experiments were used in the field. Representative tobacco plants were selected to measure their agronomic traits and SPAD value after transplanting 63 d (topping stage). After curing, the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in each treatment were investigated, the main chemical components and sensory quality evaluation were analyzed. 【Result】 Application biochar promoted the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, and significantly increased the plant height, maximum leaf area, and stem girth. Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biochar were not significantly reduced the plant height, maximum leaf area, and stem girth, but the SPAD values in the middle leaves were significantly lower. The yield and output value of treatments were T2>T4>T3>T1>CK. The exorbitant value of soil C/N ratio was beneficial for improving the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco. The content of total sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves under all treatments with over 26% and 22%, respectively, exceeded the standard of high quality tobacco leaf, and the content of total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium, nitrogen-nicotine ratio and potassium-chloride ratio were all within the appropriate range, respectively. Tabcco leaves under the T1 and CK treatments had more harmonious chemical components. With increasing soil C/N ratio value, contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium of flue-cured tobacco were increased, but decreased the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine. A suitable amount of application biochar resulted in coordination of tabacco leaf chemical components. However, excessive application biochar reduced quality of tobacco leaves. The sensory quality scores in T1 treatment were the higher (66.10), then in CK and T3 treatments (61.11), and the lowest in T2 treatment (59.86). 【Conclusion】 The combined application chemical fertilizer and biochar has important effects on the agronomic, economic and quality traits of flue-cured Tobacco. The higher values of soil C/N ratio (T1 and T3 treatments) were good for improving the quality of tobacco leaves, while the exorbitant values of soil C/N ratio (T2 and T4 treatments) were conducive to improving the yield and output value of tobacco leaves. Considering the application fertilizer effects, it was suggested that the best fertilizer application was the combination of biochar fertilizer of 180 kg/hm² and conventional fertilizer in Sichuan Mianning tobacco-planting area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective]The study aimed to explore the changes of chemical composition in Yunnan clear-flavored tobacco leaves and the differences between varieties with the process of natural aging. [Method] Near infrared spectroscopy was used to detect the contents of nitrogen and carbohydrate compounds and petroleum ether extracts in central tobacco leaves of K326 and Honghuadajinyuan varieties at O, 12, 24 and 36 months after recurring. The changes of chemical constituents at time nodes were analyzed and the optimal mellow period was determined by sensory quality evaluation and availability evaluation. [ Result] The total nitrogen, nicotine, total volatile base, total sugar, total polyphenol, two sugars difference, sugar base ratio and pH of K326 and Honghuadajinyuan varieties gradually decreased during O, 12, 24 and 36 months of aging, and the decreasing amplitude of the above indexes was different among different varieties at the set time point. After 36 months of aging, the total nitrogen, nicotine, volatile base, the total sugar content and pH of K326 decreased by 20. 26%, 31. 68%, 30. 00%, 3. 57% and 8. 70%, respectively. While the total nitrogen, nicotine, volatile base, the total sugar content and pH ofHonghuadajinyuan variety decreased by 15. 28%, 23. 08%, 31. 58%, 7. 01 % and 7. 33%,respectively. The contents of petroleum ether extract and reducing sugar of two varieties were higher than those aged for 12 months, and the differences between the two sugars ( total sugar-reducing sugar), sugar base ratio ( total sugar/ nicotine) and total polyphenols of two varieties were lower than those aged for 0 month. [ Conclusion] When Yunnan clear flavor tobacco leaves were melded in Yunnan, the chemical composition changes of different varieties of tobacco leaves at the same melding time point were generally consistent, but the variation amplitude of each index was different with different varieties. Through sensory quality and availability evaluation, the availability of Honghuadajinyuan varieties was good at 12 months and 24 months after melding. The availability of K326 was better when it was aged to 24 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effects of filter ventilation rate on the releases of main aerosol components from heated tobacco products, heated tobacco stick samples with different filter ventilation rates and perforation locations were prepared, and the aerosol collected masses of nicotine, moisture, glycerol and their retention amounts in the filter were determined. The results showed that: 1) With increasing filter ventilation rate, the aerosol collected masses of nicotine and moisture initially decreased, then increased and peaked at the filter ventilation rate of 70%-75% before decreasing again. The aerosol collected mass of glycerol increased and peaked at the filter ventilation rate of 70% and then decreased. 2) With increasing filter ventilation rate, the amount of nicotine retained in the filter showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend, that of moisture first decreased and then increased, and that of glycerol first decreased and then remained stable. The amounts of nicotine, moisture and glycerol retained in the filter were the lowest at the filter ventilation rate of 70%, and the amount of glycerol retained in the filter was much higher than its aerosol collected mass. 3) When the airflow volume through the tobacco section was about 11 mL (the filter ventilation rate of 80%), the collected masses of main components per unit airflow volume were higher. When the airflow volume through the tobacco section was about 16.5 mL (the filter ventilation rate of 70%), the retained amounts of main components per unit airflow volume were lower. 4) A longer distance between the perforation locations and the mouth end was conducive to increasing the aerosol collected masses of the main components and reducing the retention amounts of main components in the filter. 5) Filter ventilation rate and perforation location significantly affected the aerosol collected masses of the main components with a significant interaction between them, and the influence degrees of filter ventilation rate were greater than those of perforation location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To effectively control the content of key components in cut tobacco during the heating process, the macro type tobacco high-temperature thermal conversion thermogravimetric technology was used to investigate the influence of heating temperature on the thermal weight loss process and the thermal release characteristics of key components from cut tobacco (with a moisture content of 1. 5%) of heated tobacco products at temperatures of 180 °C, 200°C, and 220 °C. The results showed as the heating temperature increased, the changes in mass fraction of cut tobacco increased, the change rate of the mass fraction of cut tobacco increased, and the stability of the thermal weight loss process decreased. When the heating temperature was 200 °C and 220 °C respectively, the changes in mass fraction of each key component followed the order of nicotine, glycerol, moisture, and other components. Nicotine was practically completely released. Meanwhile, when the heating temperature was 180°C, the changes in mass fraction of key components of cut tobacco followed the order of nicotine, moisture, glycerol, and other components. Nicotine, glycerol, and water had higher changed in mass fraction, while other components had lower changed in mass fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The study aims to explore the traits and their correlation of soil and chemical constituents of tobacco leaves in Meizhou tobacco production area of Guangdong, and explore the key soil factors affecting the chemical quality of tobacco leaves.【Method】48 tobacco-planting soil and the corresponding middle and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves were collected to analysis the traits of soil and chemical constituents of tobacco leaves. Stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the key soil factors influencing the chemical constituents of tobacco leaves. 【Result】 In the tobacco-growing soil of Meizhou tobacco production area of Guangdong, the proportion of low soil pH value accounts for 64.58%, the content of organic matter (SOM) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) are rich, the appropriate proportion of total nitrogen (TN) content accounts for 68.75%, the rich and extremely rich proportion of total phosphorus (TP) content accounts for 70.83%, the deficient and extremely deficient proportion of total potassium (TK) content accounts for 68.75%, and the rich and extremely rich proportion of available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) account for 97.92%, 91.76% and 79.17%, respectively. The content of total sugar, starch and sugar alkali ratio in the middle tobacco leaves were higher, accounting for 91.67%, 100% and 66.67% respectively; the content of total sugar, reducing sugar and starch in the upper tobacco leaves were higher, accounting for 87.50%, 75.00%, 100% and 56.25% respectively; the content of nicotine was lower, accounting for 47.92%. The results of principal component analysis showed that sugar alkali ratio, total nitrogen, nicotine, total sugar and reducing sugar content were the main indicators for evaluating the chemical constituents of middle tobacco leaves, and reducing sugar, sugar alkali ratio, total sugar and nicotine were the main indicators for evaluating the chemical constituents of upper tobacco leaves. Comprehensive chemical quality of middle tobacco leaves was positively correlated with soil AK content, nicotine content in middle tobacco leaves is negatively correlated with soil AK content, the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and starch in middle tobacco leaves and starch in upper tobacco leaves are negatively correlated with the content of soil WSOC, the content of reducing sugar in upper tobacco leaves is positively correlated with soil AP; the comprehensive chemical quality of upper tobacco leaves was negatively correlated with soil AP content, and positively correlated with soil AK content and pH value. 【Conclusion】 Improving the soil pH value, AK and WSOC content and reducing the AP content in soil is beneficial to improve the quality of Meizhou tobacco leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to explore the relationship between altitude and flue-cured tobacco quality, style and metabolites in Huili.【Method】 Using Yunyan87 as the research material, the effects of different altitudes in the range of 1550-2300 meters in the Huili tobacco area region on the conventional chemical composition, sensory quality, and metabolomics of tobacco were studied.【Result】 A higher altitude of tobacco planting was more conducive to the accumulation of total sugars, reducing sugars, and petroleum ether extracts in tobacco, but the content of nicotine and total nitrogen was opposite. There was a significant and strong positive correlation between sugar-alkali ratio and altitude. With the increase of altitude, the aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco was improved, the aroma quantity was increased, the offensive odor was reduced, and the style sweet flavor was more typical, but the impact decreased. A total of 28 different metabolites were screened by the OPLS-DA model, and the nicotine of flue-cured tobacco at low altitudes and the niacin and mesmine, which were closely related to it, were higher expressed. The organic acid substances such as nonanoic acid and hexanoic acid had the richest content in tobacco from mid-altitude areas. Relative content of alcohol derivatives such as benzyl alcohol, phenylethanol, maltol and degradation product of plastid pigment such as neophytadiene, damascene 2-buten-1-one, β-ionone, 2 (4h) -benzofuranone of flue-cured tobacco in high altitude area was the highest; The different metabolites were annotated to six B-level metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, terpenoid and polyketone compound metabolism, and so on. Among them, altitude had the most significant impact on tobacco leaf carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. 【Conclusion】 The increase in total sugars, reducing sugars, sugar-alkali ratio, alcohol derivatives and degradation product of plastid pigment is the important reasons for the improvement of the sensory quality and the more prominent style characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in high-altitude areas. Therefore, an appropriate increase in the altitude of tobacco planting in the Huili tobacco area is conducive to improving the quality of the flue-cured tobacco in the producing area and its sweet fragrance style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to optimize the composition of alkaloid in Sichuan cigar and realize the quality improvement and harm reduction of cigar, the conversion degree of nicotine to nornicotine and the distribution of nicotine conversion rate between plants among the main cigar varieties were determined, and variety purification was carried out according to the conversion traits of nicotine.【Method】 Dexue 1, Dexue 3, Dexue 4, Dexue 5, Dexue 7 and Shiyan 1 were used as test materials. The content of alkaloids and TSNAs in the middle leaves of the tested varieties were determined and analyzed. The main cultivars in Sichuan (Dexue 4, Dexue 7 and Shiyan 1) were purified by early conversion stimulation and converter identification. 【Result】 (i) The alkaloid composition and contents in Sichuan cigar varieties were significantly different, and there were different degrees of nicotine conversion in different varieties, and the distribution of nicotine conversion rate between plants was quite different. The nicotine conversion problem of Dexue 5 was prominent. The proportion of converters in the tested group was 100%, and all converters were high converter. There were a large number of nicotine converters in Shiyan 1, among which the low converters were the majority, accounting for 37.9% of the total population. The problems of nicotine conversion in Dexue 1 and Dexue 3 were relatively less serious with all the tested plants being low converters. The conversion rate of Dexue 4 and Dexue 7 were 48% and 30%, respectively. (ii) Based on the early conversion stimulation and converter identification of Dexue 4, Dexue 7 and Shiyan 1, the non-converters were strictly selected for self-fertilize, and the corresponding purified species seeds were obtained. Compared with the corresponding conventional varieties, the nicotine content and nicotine conversion rate of purified variety were significantly reduced, the NNN contents and the total amount of TSNAs were significantly reduced, and the NNN contents of Dexue 7 was reduced from 2615.27 ng/g to 442.67 ng/g, the total amount of TSNAs decreased from 3602.46 ng/g to 1327.24 ng/g, and the NNN contents of Dexue 4 and Shiyan 1 decreased from 3235.76 and 3940.32 ng/g to 945.32 and 1315.40 ng/g, the total amount of TSNAs decreased from 5658.51 and 6669.89 ng/g to 2889.81 and 2840.12 ng/g. The purified variety had better cigar flavor. 【Conclusion】 Sichuan cigar varieties have different degree of nicotine conversion problems. By early conversion stimulation and converter identification and strictly selecting non-converters to self-fertilize for the purification, conversion rate and tobacco-specific nitrosamine contents can be effectively reduced, the quality and safety of cigar can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aroma components in cloudy water of reconstituted tobacco were analyzed by GC-MS and UPLC-MS, macroporous resin was used to enrich the aroma components incloudy water and the enrichment process parameters were optimized, and the effects of different enrichment components on the sensory effects of cigarettes were investigated. The results showed that the main aroma components in cloudy water was nicotine, with a content of 63 mg / L, and a small amount of 3-oxo-α-ionone, phenylethanol, anatabine and other aroma components were also contained. The macroporous resin LS313 possessed the best enrichment effect. The optimal enrichment parameters were as follows: the feeding rate was 11 mL / min, the loading volume was 8. 2 L, absolute ethanol as the eluent sol- vent, elution rate was 2 mL / min, and the amount of ethanol was 140 mL. Under these conditions, the mass con- centration of nicotine in the enriched solution was 53 times higher than that in cloudy water, and the recovery rate of nicotine reached 92. 6%, indicating that the macroporous resin method had a good enrichment effect on the aroma components in cloudy water. The enrichment and separation solution had different positive effects on the sensory quality of cigarette products, mainly affecting the smoke concentration, cigarette impact and aroma of the products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of Armillaria mellea polysaccharides on lung injury induced by nicotine in rats. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and Armillaria mellea polysaccharides low and high dose groups. During modeling, except for the normal group, the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with nicotine 2 mg/kg body weight, and the low and high dose groups were gavaged with Armillaria mellea polysaccharides 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The morphologic changes of lung tissue were observed by HE staining. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were detected by ELISA, MDA level was detected by TBA method, SOD activity was detected by WST-1 method. The protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and p-NF-κB in lung tissues were detected by Western blot assay. Results: Compared with the control group, after intervention of nicotine, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and MDA were increased, the activity of SOD was decreased in plasma, the phosphorylation expression of NF-κB protein was increased, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression were decreased in lung tissue. Compared with the model group, after intervention of Armillaria mellea polysaccharides, the degree of lung tissue injury was alleviated, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and MDA were significantly decreased, the activity of SOD was increased in plasma, the phosphorylation expression of NF-κB protein was significantly decreased, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression were significantly increased in lung tissue. Conclusion: Armillaria mellea polysaccharides could inhibit the lung tissue injury by nicotine induced. The mechanism of action may be related to its regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

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BackgroundPrevious studies have confirmed that nicotine exposure is an independent risk factor for miscarriage, but it is not clear whether nicotine causes unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) through oxidative stress.ObjectiveTo explore potential mediating effect of oxidative stress on the relationship between nicotine exposure and URSA.MethodsUsing a 1∶1 matched case-control study, 88 patients with URSA visiting Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from April to October in 2018 were selected as the case group, and 88 pregnant women without adverse pregnancy outcomes and seeking induced abortion in the outpatient clinic of the same hospital were selected as the control group. The levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) in urine were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the level of urinary nicotine was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of nicotine, 8-OHdG, and 8-iso-PGF2α with the risk of URSA. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association of nicotine with 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α. The potential mediating effect of oxidative stress on URSA after nicotine exposure was explored by dichotomous mediating model.ResultsThe median concentrations (creatinine corrected) of nicotine, 8-OHdG, and 8-iso-PGF2α in urine of the case group were 7.78, 4.84, and 44.10 μg·g−1, respectively, while those of the control group were 6.48, 3.34, and 29.39 μg·g−1, respectively. The concentrations of nicotine, 8-OHdG, and 8-iso-PGF2α in urine of the case group were all higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The results of conditional logistic regression model showed that after adjusting selected confounding factors, compared with the Q1 groups of nicotine and 8-iso-PGF2α, the OR (95%CI) values of URSA in the Q4 groups were 4.20 (1.33-13.29) and 6.25 (1.66-23.59), respectively. Compared with the Q1 group of 8-OHdG, the OR (95%CI) values of URSA in the Q1, Q2, and Q3 groups were 5.47 (1.43-20.93), 4.24 (1.28-14.07), and 6.36 (1.82-22.28), respectively. The results of multiple linear regression showed that after adjusting confounding factors, there was a positive correlation between urinary nicotine and 8-OHdG in both the case group and the control group, and the b (95%CI) values were 0.76 (0.67-0.86) and 0.81 (0.67-0.95) respectively; there was a positive correlation between urinary nicotine and 8-iso-PGF2α in both the case group and the control group, and the b (95%CI) values were 0.65 (0.55-0.75) and 0.76 (0.64-0.87), respectively. The results of dichotomous mediating analysis showed that the mediating effect of 8-iso-PGF2α and its 95%CI on the relationship between nicotine exposure and URSA was 1.518 (0.749-2.311).ConclusionInternal nicotine exposure is a risk factor for URSA and is positively correlated with oxidative stress, and it may lead to URSA through lipid peroxidation damage.

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BACKGROUND: Stem cell therapy has great clinical application potential. Stem cell donor needs to be screened for infectious and genetic diseases before implantation, but some important factors related to lifestyle are often overlooked, especially smoking. For many diseases, smoking is a risk factor. With the increasing use of e-cigarettes, nicotine exposure is becoming serious and widespread. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the effects of nicotine exposure on various types of stem cells. METHODS: Articles were searched on PubMed and CNKI databases published between 1806 and 2021. The search terms were “nicotine, tobacco smoking, stem cells therapy, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, periodontal ligament-derived stem cells” in Chinese and English. A total of 59 articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nicotine activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and periodontal membrane stem cells through a variety of mechanisms to affect their proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. At present, although the research on the effect of nicotine on stem cells is facing severe challenges, it is very necessary to study the effect of nicotine on stem cells, because “healthy stem cells” are the prerequisite for stem cell therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to clarify the effects of NtJAZ1 gene on nicotine content (mass fraction), growth and development, and quality of tobacco plants, a homozygous mutant NK-9 was obtained by CRISPR/Cas9 technology through the knockout of NtJAZ1 gene in flue-cured tobacco cultivar K326. The sequencing results indicated that the bases of NtJAZ1-1 located between 1 587-1 641 bp and two bases of NtJAZ1-2 located between 1 547-1 548 bp were lost, which generated the premature termination of gene translation. RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of the key genes, NtMYC2a, NtMYC2b, NtPMT, and NtQPT, in nicotine biosynthesis process increased significantly. The field experiment tests revealed that NK-9 line grew and developed normally, and its plant height, leaf number and leaf width were significantly higher than those of the control (K326), while its leaf length was significantly lower than that of K326. The density of trichome in leaf surface of NK-9 was lower than that of K326 indicated by microexamination. The nicotine content in the middle leaves of NK-9 at flower-bud appearing, topping and mature stages increased by 33.26%, 36.41%, and 39.28% respectively compared with K326. Chemical composition analysis of the cured leaves showed that NK-9 had the balanced chemical compositions and a 44.91% higher content of nicotine than those of K326. The contents of neophytadiene and carotenoid catabolites of neutral aroma components increased significantly, while the contents of browning reaction, phenylalanine catabolites and solanone decreased. All results indicated that NtJAZ1 gene knockout effectively increased the contents of alkaloids in NK-9 and had certain effects on the trichome development and the accumulation of leaf surface chemical components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]