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ObjectiveTo investigate the mutation and genetic evolution of drug resistance gene of A（H1N1） pdm09 influenza pandemic strain in 2023 in Huzhou City， Zhejiang Province.MethodsRespiratory tract specimens from 2 influenza monitoring hospitals were collected for A（H1N1） pdm09 influenza virus nucleic acid detection. Positive specimens were inoculated with MDCK cells for influenza virus isolation and sequencing. DNA Star 7.1 software and Mega 4.0 software were used to analyze the neuraminidase （NA） enzyme active site and the amino acid sites related to drug resistance in M2 protein.ResultsNucleotide homology and amino acid homology of NA between the isolated and the vaccine strains were 98.87%‒99.22% and 98.94%‒99.36%， respectively. The nucleotide homology range of M gene was 99.07% to 99.85%， and the amino acid homology range was 99.02%‒99.94%. The isolates and vaccine strains belong to the evolutionary clades of 6B.1A.5a.2a. The amino acids at the key sites of the enzyme activity center of NA were still highly conserved， and the 9 key amino acid sites related to NA inhibitor resistance did not change， but some mutations occurred at the non-enzyme active sites in some popular strains. The 5 amino acid sites related to drug resistance of M2 protein were not replaced， but the 31st amino acid sites changed from serine to asparagine.ConclusionThe A（H1N1） pdm09 pandemic strain in Huzhou in 2023 has high homology with the 2023‒2024 vaccine strain recommended by WHO. All endemic strains are resistant to amantadines.

Objective: To analyze the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection status, genotype distribution, and vaginal microbiota changes in women with cervical lesions. Methods: A total of 92 women with cervical lesions were enrolled in the study group from June 2022 to June 2023. Additionally, 92 healthy women without cervical lesions during the same period were included in the control group. The study compared the HPV infection status, genotype distribution, vaginal microbiota assessment, and functional indices between the study and control groups. Results: The HPV infection rate in the study group was 73.91%, significantly higher than 13.04% in the control group. The rates of single HPV infection and mixed infection in the study group were 54.35% and 19.56%, respectively, significantly higher than 11.96% and 1.09% in the control group (P<0.05). The most prevalent HPV genotypes in the study group were HPV 16 and HPV 18, with detection rates of 45.65% and 35.87%, respectively, both significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, the study group exhibited higher detection rates of Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Trichomonas, and Bacterial Vaginosis(P<0.05). The proportion of Lactobacillus as the dominant bacteria and vaginal pH ≤4.5 was lower in the study group (P<0.05). The positivity rates of leukocyte esterase, sialidase, and β-glucuronidase were elevated in the study group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Women with cervical lesions have a significantly higher rate of high-risk HPV infection and detection of genotypes like HPV 16 and HPV 18 compared to the normal population. There are also significant changes in the vaginal microbiota of these patients, with increased detection rates of pathogens and elevated levels of leukocyte esterase, sialidase, and β-glucuronidase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objection]This study aimed to monitor the genetic variation and molecular evolutionary trends of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) in Guangdong, and provide reference data for the evolutionary analysis and prevention and control of H9N2 AIV in China. Method]The HA and NA genes of three H9N2 AIV strains isolated from Guangdong in 2022 were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The DNAStar and PhyloSuite software were used for sequence assembly and alignment. The MEGA, Megalign, NetNGlyc 1.0 Server, and other software were used for genetic evolution, percent identity, receptor binding, protein activity, drug resistance, and glycosylation site analysis of their nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Result]The phylogenetic tree showed that the HA gene of the three isolates belonged to the clade h9.4.2.5 and the NA gene belonged to the clade 1. However, the nucleotide homology with the early strain was only 81.6%~91.7% and 88.2%~91.2%, formed new clade named clade h9.4.2.5c and clade 1.2, respectively. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the HA cleavage site was PSRSSR ↓ GLF. The receptor binding site underwent I155T, H183N, A190T/V, T212I, Q226L, and Q227M mutations. The glycosylation site underwent 218N non-glycosylation and acquired new glycosylation site at 313N. The NA stalk showed nine nucleotides deletion at positions 187-195 (ACAGAGATA), leading to the loss of three amino acids at positions 63-65 (TEI). The absorbtion site of NA on red blood cells showed K/E/S368N and D369N mutations. No related mutations to neuraminidase activity and drug resistance were found at the E119, D151, R152, R224, E276, R292, and R371. Conclusion] The HA and NA genes of the three H9N2 AIV isolated from Guangdong in 2022 had evolved into a new subgroup. Some mutaitons suggest that prevalent H9N2 in Guangdong may enhanc adaptability of mammals and its antigenicity has changed. Moreover, it has not yet acquired resistance to durgs oseltamivir and zanamivir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first preseats a brief introduction to molecular biology, focusing on nucleotides and amino acids, the basic units of nucleic acid and protein sequence. With well-designed figures and tables, the name, classification, and property of four nucleotides and 20 amino acids are displayed. General concepts related to sequence alignment are described in the second section, including similarity and homology, global and local alignment, the dot plot method, dynamic and heuristic programming, scoring matrix and gap penalty, and alignment tools and platforms. The third part introduces the scoring matrices, which play a critical role in sequence alignment. Characteristics of DNAfull for DNA sequence, as well as BLOSUM62 and PAM250 for protein sequence are described in detail. By taking hemoglobin, peptide toxin, plant transcription factor, carcinoembryonic antigen, and cytosolic sialidase as examples, sections 4-8 illustrate how to choose alignment method and platform, how to select scoring matrix, how to change gap penalty, how to analyze alignment results and their biological significance. Finally, a simple summary is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective : To investigate the correlation between vaginal microecological status and reproductive tract atrophy in postmenopausal women Method : The clinical data of 120 menopausal women in our gynecology clinic of our hospital from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The cleanliness of all patients' vaginal secretions, the species, density and diversity of dominant bacteria, the vaginal pH, H2O2, leucocyte esterase, sialidase, the positive rate of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), trichomonas vaginitis (TV), bacterial vaginosis (BV), and aerobic vaginosis (AV) were obtained. Then the correlation between vaginal microecology and genital atrophy was analyzed by statistical data. Results : The vaginal cleanness at Ⅲ he vaginal cleanness at nal microecology and genital The predominant bacterial flora was mainly Gram variable coccobacilli, and G- large bacillus, but less G- microbacteria; The density and diversity of flora were high; The proportion of the patients with a pH value of >4.5 was 70%, indicating that the vaginal environment was mostly in neutral/alkaline state. The positive proportion of H2O2, leucocyte esterase, sialidase, VVC and BV was high, while the positive proportion of TV and AV was low. The incidence of vaginal atrophy of cleanliness inal atrophyroportion of TV and AV>4.5 was 70%, indicating that the vaginal environme H2O2 (-), sialidase (-), VVC (-), and BV (-/ intermediate) was lower than that of cleanliness l environmenflora density (not seen/+), flora diversity (not seen/+), pH value > 4.5, H2O2 (+), sialidase (+), VVC (+), and BV (+), with statistic difference (P<0.05). The incidence of vaginal atrophy was the lowest in cleanliness Ⅰ/Ⅱ degree, flora density +++ / ++++, flora diversity +++ / ++++, pH value 3.8~4.5, H2O2 (-), sialidase (-) and BV (-/ intermediate). Cleanliness, flora density, flora diversity, pH value, H2O2, sialidase and BV were the independent influencing factors for the moderate/severe progression of vaginal atrophy (P<0.05). Conclusion :The vaginal microecology of menopausal women is in an unbalanced state, and the microecology is closely related to the occurrence and development of vaginal atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato stalks were used as carrier materials to prepare immobilized Bacillus sp. M1 microspheres by an adsorption-embeddedcross-linking method in this study. The remediation effects of 3-ring Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）-contaminated soil on these microspheres in a coal mining area were evaluated through soil incubation experiments. The results indicated that the removal of 3-ring PAHs（Flu, Phe, and Anth）by free M1 first increased and then decreased as the bacteria levels increased in PAH-contaminated soil in the coal mining area. Treatment with 10%（B2M1）showed the highest removal rate of Phe, which was 21.35%, among 1%, 10%, and 20%（vol⁃ ume by mass）treatment with free M1. The removal rate of the three types of PAHs by the immobilized M1 microspheres was significantly higher than that by the microsphere matrix. In the tomato stalk-immobilized M1 microspheres with 20% inoculation treatment（X3M1）, the removal rates of Flu were higher for all three factors than with the tomato straw microsphere matrix（X3）without M1, with the removal rate increase of 12.03%. In contrast, for immobilized M1 following the subtraction of microsphere matrix with free M1, except for the 10% and 20% Phe inoculation treatment, immobilized M1 significantly promoted the removal of 3-ring PAHs. The removal rates of Flu and Anth after different inoculation treatments were 72.17%~75.52% and 8.97%~28.88%, respectively, over that of free M1, showing increases of 64.10%~72.31% and 8.13%~15.24%. Phe was higher of 5.07% at the 1% inoculation level as compared with free M1. The catalase activity of immobilized M1 was significantly higher than that of the microsphere matrix and free M1 at different doses as bacteria levels increased. Values were 1.16-, 1.23-, and 1.20-fold higher than those of free M1 and 1.28-, 1.19- and 1.16-fold higher than those of the microsphere matrix. The change in catalase activity was consistent with the removal rate of 3-ring PAHs. Compared with free bacteria, the polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and cellulase enzyme activities of immobilized M1 were reduced to varying degrees. In summary, immobilized Bacillus sp. M1 significantly affected the removal of soil 3-ring PAHs. The results of the present study provide important technical parameters for and support the application of in situ remediation of PAH-contaminated aging soil in coal mining areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of phloroglucinols in. Mianma Guanzhong (Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, Basket Fem Nakai) on neuraminidase (NA) of H1N1 influenza virus. Methods A library of 34 phloroglucinols ligands was established through retrieving, and X-ray three-dimensional crystal structure file of NA (H1N1) was downloaded from Protein Data Bank. The phloroglucinols possessing lower binding energy and stronger hydrogen bond interaction with NA were screened by using AutoDock Vina software ancl LigPlot + software,and the inhibitory effect of candidate phloroglucinols on NA was verified by using fluorometric assay. Results There were 4 phloroglucinols (filixic acids ABA, ABB,ABP and ABBA) with better combination with NA screened through molecular docking. The results of fluorometric assay showed that dryocrassin ABBA had the strongest inhibitory effect on NA [(IC50) = (26. 73 ±0. 57) μmol/L]. Conclusion Dryocrassin ABBA in Mianma Guanzhong has higher effect of anti-NA of H1N1 influenza virus, which lays a foundation for further study on new anti-influenza drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study related to the sequencing and cloning of the neuraminidase gene of Haemophilus parasuis and to predict the secondary structure and B-cell epitopes of the gene. Topics discussed include importance of secondary structure in the study of immune mechanism and epitope vaccine, use of bioinformatics tools in the prediction of preponderant epitope of neuraminidase, and use of self-optimized prediction method with alignment in determination of the secondary structure.

Background and objective Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of newcastle disease virus is an important immunogen for oncolysis. We designed three different expression plasmids encoding the HN protein targeted to different subcellular compartments: cytoplasmic (Cy-HN), secreted (Sc-HN) and membrane-anchored (M-HN). On the basis of anti-tumor effect in vitro, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-tumor immunity effect of HN protein in vivo. Methods In the present study, we developed a mouse model in order to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of the intratumorally injected modified HN proteins and the anti-tumor immunity by lymphocyte proliferative response and CTL activity test. Results Although all three DNA constructs elicited an immune response, tumor-bearing mice intratumorally injected with M-HN demonstrated a significantly better anti-tumor effect than those injected with Cy-HN or Sc-HN (Day 18: P=0.022; Day 21: P<0.01). It also showed that this anti-tumor effect was mediated by higher lymphocyte proliferative response and CTL activity in mice intratumorally injected with M-HN [M-HN vs Cy-HN, P=0.019; M-HN vs Sc-HN, P=0.043; M-HN vs pcDNA3.1(+), P<0.01]. Conclusion The anti-tumor immunity of Newcastle disease virus HN protein is influenced by differential subcellular targeting. The membrane-anchored form of the HN protein appears to be an ideal candidate to improve the specific cellular immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose was to discuss the infection status of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) in children with acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI) in Qingdao, Shandong province, and to analyze the gene characteristics of HPIV-3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN). This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 1 674 throat swab samples were collected randomly from children with ARTI, in the three hospitals (Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, West Coast Branch of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Laoshan Branch of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University) from January 2018 to December 2019. Multiplex real-time fluorescence RT-PCR was performed to screen HPIV-3 positive specimens. For HPIV-3 positive specimens, nested PCR was used to amplify the full-length HN gene of HPIV-3. The HN gene was sequenced and compared with the representative strains of HPIV-3 in GenBank, and the phylogenetic tree was established. As results, this study collected 1 674 samples, in which there were 90 HPIV-3 positive samples showed and the detection rate was 5.37%. Among positive specimens, the number of samples from children under 6 years old was 88, accounting for 97.78%. HPIV-3 positive cases were mainly distributed in spring and summer. The full-length sequences of 44 HPIV-3 HN genes were obtained by nested PCR method. Sequence alignment and evolutionary analysis showed that the HPIV-3HN gene belonged to the C3a and C3b branches of C3 genotype, with 30 strains of subtype C3a and 14 strains of subtype C3b. The nucleotide and amino acid homology of the amplified 44 strains of the HPIV-3 HN gene in Qingdao were 97.0%-100.0% and 98.5%-100.0%, respectively. In conclusion, from 2018 to 2019, the C3a and C3b branches of HPIV-3 C3 genotype were circulating prevalent in Qingdao, Shandong province. HN gene variation rate was low, but showed certain regional characteristics in evolution.

Objective: To investigate the effect of attenuated expression of neuraminidase 3 (NEU3) via RNA interference on the proliferation and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells., Methods: MG-63 cells were immunostained to observe the expression of NEU3. The cells were then divided into 5 groups: MG-63 cells in normal control group (group A) were not treated; MG-63 cells in 30, 50, and 100 nmol/L NEU3 RNA interference groups (groups B, C, and D) were transfected with 30, 50, and 100 nmol/L of NEU3 small interfering RNA (siRNA); negative control group (group E), MG-63 cells were transfected with different species negative siRNA (actin siRNA of mice, 50 nmol/L). The expression level of NEU3 mRNA was measured with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). The proliferation of the cells was measured by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8). The cell apoptosis rate was detected by flowcytometry (FCM). The expressions of cell apoptosis related proteins (Ras and Bcl-2) were detected by Western blot assay., Results: NEU3 expressed in the cytoplasm of MG-63 cells under fluorescence microscope. The qPCR results showed that NEU3 mRNA levels were significantly lower in groups B, C, D than that in groups A and E ( P <0.05) after 24 hours of transfection; meanwhile, with the increase of siRNA concentration, NEU3 mRNA levels were significantly decreased ( P <0.05). The CCK-8 results showed that with the increase of siRNA concentration, the survival rate of MG-63 cells was significantly suppressed ( P <0.05) and the apoptosis rate of MG-63 cells was significantly accelerated ( P <0.05) after 48 hours of transfection. FCM results showed that after 24 hours of transfection, the number of live MG-63 cells decreased as that of the dead cells increased in groups B, C, D, and showing significant differences between 3 groups ( P <0.05). While the apoptosis rate in groups B, C, and D showed significant difference when compared with that of group A ( P <0.05); and when compared with group E, the apoptosis rate in groups C and D were significantly reduced ( P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups B and E ( P >0.05). The results of Western bolt assay showed that the protein levels of Ras and Bcl-2 in groups B and C were not significantly different from groups A and E ( P >0.05), while the protein levels of Ras and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased in group D ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Attenuated expression of NEU3 could inhibit the survival of MG-63 cells and accelerate its apoptosis. The results suggest that NEU3 could be a possible target for treating osteosarcoma.

Objective: To analyze the susceptibility of influenza A (H3N2) viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors during 2011-2012 in Mainland China., Methods: All the tested viruses were obtained from the Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network, which covers 31 provinces in mainland China, including 408 network laboratories and 554 sentinel hospitals. In total 1 903 viruses were selected with isolation date from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012 in Mainland China, among these viruses, 721 were confirmed to be influenza A (H3N2) virus by Chinese National Influenza Center and tested for the susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir using chemiluminescence-based assay. The neuraminidase inhibitor sensitive reference virus A/Washington/01/2007 (119E) and oseltamivir resistant virus A/Texas/12/2007 (E119V) were used as control in this study. The t -test was used to compare the difference of NAI susceptibility of viruses isolated from different years., Results: The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of A/Washington/01/2007 for oseltamivir and zanamivir was (0.10 ± 0.02) and (0.30 ± 0.05) nmol/L, respectively. The IC₅₀ of A/Texas/12/2007 for oseltamivir and zanamivir was (4.27 ± 1.60) and (0.20 ± 0.03) nmol/L, respectively. Among the 721 influenza A (H3N2) viruses, 132 influenza A (H3N2) viruses were isolated in 2011 and 589 influenza A (H3N2) viruses were isolated in 2012. The IC50 for oseltamivir ranged from 0.04 to 0.62 nmol/L for viruses isolated in 2011 and ranged from 0.02 to 0.95 nmol/L for viruses in 2012, and the IC₅₀ of all the viruses tested was within 10-fold IC₅₀ (1.0 nmol/L) of the neuraminidase inhibitor sensitive reference virus A/Washington/01/2007. The IC50 of zanamivir ranged from 0.12 to 0.80 nmol/L for viruses in 2011 and ranged from 0.04 to 0.72 nmol/L for viruses in 2012, and was within 10-fold IC₅₀ (3.0 nmol/L) of the neuraminidase inhibitor sensitive reference virus A/Washington/01/2007., Conclusion: The influenza A(H3N2) viruses isolated during 2011-2012 in Mainland China were tested to be sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir.

Aim: To establish a rapid quantitative method to detect the serum multiple antennae carcinoembryonic antigen (MA-CEA), and to measure the MA-CEA levels in the sera of patients with malignant tumors., Methods: Neuraminidase (NMD) was used to digest the sialic acid at terminals of sugar chains of MA-CEA, and then the datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA) and anti-CEA antibody were used to set up streptavidin-biotin complex (ABC) system EIA (ABC-EIA) for detecting serum MA-CEA levels of 239 patients with carcinomas of lung, stomach, liver, colon and ovary. The serum CEA level was determined by ELISA., Results: The level of serum MA-CEA was remarkably elevated in the CEA-positive patients with lung cancer. The positive rate of MA-CEA was 14.6% in 75 patients with lung cancers, and 47.3% in 19 CEA-positive patients with lung cancers. The MA-CEA was not detected in the sera of other tumor patients., Conclusion: We have developed a method for detection of MA-CEA levels, which lays the foundation for the differential diagnosis of lung cancer and for research on the other multiple antennae tumor markers.

Many researches have demonstrated that cultured tissue or cells may reduce immunogenicity and can survive in a recipient if they are allografted or xenografted. The cause for this phenomenon remains uncertain. In this experiment, sialic acid (SA) content of BALB/C mice pituitary cells before and after culture was determined, and the influence of SA level on cell immunogenicity was studied by using the mixed lymphocyte reaction method and neuraminidase. The SA level was much higher in cultured cells than in uncultured cells. Cultured cells were found to have a reduced ability to stimulate splenocyte proliferation in allogeneic rats after the SA levels of the cells had been raised. Such ability could be restored by removing SA from the cell surface with sialidase. This suggests that the high SA levels in the cultured cells play an important role in reducing their immunogenicity.