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Drought is one of the most serious natural disasters with the widest distribution, the highest frequency, and the greatest economic losses in the world. A grave threat has been posed to agricultural production, food security, and socioeconomic development. It is of great significance to timely and accurately monitor the drought at the regional scale. In this study, the NDVI-LST feature space was constructed using the MOD11A2 surface temperature 8-d synthetic product and MOD13A1 vegetation index 16-d synthetic product. The data was collected from the land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) was captured from the Guanzhong areas in a 20-year time series from 2001 to 2020. The spatial and temporal distribution of drought was analyzed to determine the causes and future trends of natural disasters. The results show that: 1) It was feasible to carry out drought monitoring on a regional scale using the TVDI remote sensing index. The average TVDI was 0.57 over the past 20 years. The drought type was in a normal state in general. The highest annual average TVDI was found in 2013 and the lowest in 2006. The average TVDI value fluctuated greatly during the 20-year period. Drought also shared strong regional characteristics, indicating a spatial distribution pattern of wet in the southwest, dry in the center and northeast, and normal in the north. 2) The spatial and temporal trends of drought showed that 82.00% of the areas had relatively stable droughts, and only 8.05% of the areas were with improved droughts. As such, there was a relatively small variation in the drought condition; Combined with the Hurst index, the future trend of drought was characterized by a relatively small amount of change. There was an anti-sustainable trend of drought in the future; Combined Hurst index and TVDI trend, 7.71% of the study area was continuously wet in the future, and 36.24% of the area was changed from drought to wet. 3) The TVDI value was positively correlated with the air temperature, while negatively correlated with the precipitation. There was a similar spatial distribution pattern of the 20-year average TVDI and the annual average air temperature. The air temperature and precipitation shared a similar distribution in the spatial pattern. The degree of drought depended mainly on the air temperature and precipitation. Meanwhile, the degree of aridity was negatively correlated with both elevation and slope. The arid and more arid types were mainly distributed in the central plains with low elevations and small slopes. While the moist and more moist types occupied a larger area in the mountainous areas south of the Qinling Mountains with high elevation. The TVDI values varied with months in the different land use types in the study area. The cropland and construction land presented the highest TVDI values, with the annual mean values of 0.76 and 0.75, respectively, whereas, the woodland was the smallest TVDI value, with an annual mean value of 0.45. Therefore, the woodland and grassland cover can be expected to positively mitigate the drought. The TVDI can be used to quantify the drought conditions from the regional scale. Remote sensing drought monitoring can also provide a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for the formulation of drought countermeasures in Guanzhong areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Flash floods are natural disasters caused by sudden rise in water levels in mountainous rivers, which are characterized by instantaneity and great destructiveness. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of flash floods in Longnan city, Gansu province, has posed a serious threat to the safety of local people's lives and property, thus it is urgent to carry out a risk assessment of flash floods in this region. Methods: This study takes Longnan city as the study area, and utilizes the MaxEnt model combining with the particle swarm algorithm to evaluate the vulnerability of study area based on 834 flash flood hazard points investigated and 32 disaster-causing factors. It also predicts the spatial pattern changes and potential mass migration trends of the future flash flood vulnerability areas based on three periods of climate data from the current period (2021— 2040) and the future period (2041— 2060, 2061— 2080, 2081— 2100). Results and Conclusions: The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of the results of the study in each period is above 0.85, which indicates that the precision of the results of the method is good. The main cause factors in this study area are driest month precipitation, monthly mean diurnal temperature dif‐ ference, coefficient of variation of precipitation, warmest month maximum temperature, land use, distance from the river, soil texture, profile curvature, elevation, and topographic relief. The flash flood-prone areas in the study area varies in different periods, but are mainly distributed in Wudu District, Wen County and Tanchang County, and the simulation results for the three future periods (2041—2060, 2061—2080, 2081— 2100) reflected a decreasing trend compared with the current period (2021—2040). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant root systems can enhance the shear strength of soil to prevent shallow landslides. Non-invasive visual observation of plant roots can be expected to rapidly develop the transparent soil. Engineered transparent soil with fused silica sand and n-dodecane as the main components have similar transparency and strength as the natural soil. However, it is difficult for the growth of vegetation under the root-soil coupling. A matrix material (Nafion) of transparent soil has also been proposed in the field of ecology. It is still lacking in the survival of inter-root microorganisms and specific mechanical indicators. Transparent soil is then limited to the root-soil composites. This study attempts to modify the preparation of transparent soil for the growth of vegetation. A transparent soil scheme was also proposed to simulate the soil's mechanical properties. Taking platycladus orientalis seedling roots as examples, the planting experiments were conducted to regularly add the nutrient solutions into the root. Then the roots reinforced the transparent soil, thus forming a type of root-soil composite. The porous liquid was finally added to saturate the root-soil composites. The transparency was achieved to observe the root morphology. Direct shear tests were conducted to explore the effects of liquid content (0, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25.8%) and root content (0, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%) on the shear strength of root-soil composites. Transparent soil was used as the control. The mechanical properties of the prepared transparent soil were similar to those of natural soil. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology was employed to determine the macroscopic and microscopic mechanical properties of the transparent soil and rootsoil composite slope under a top load in the saturated slope. COMSOL platform was utilized to verify the behavior under saturated conditions. The results showed that: 1) Plants grew well in the present transparent soil for more than 20 days. Meanwhile, there were the tough branches, the green and healthy leaves. Small fibrous roots were also used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the root-soil composite. When the content of liquid was larger than 20%, the artificial soil shared enough transparency to visually observe the plant roots. 2) The cohesion of transparent soil decreased, as the content of liquid increased. In the transparent bare soil, when the content of liquid increased from 0% to 25.8%, the cohesion of transparent soil decreased from 25.25 to 8.35 kPa, with a decrease of 64.09%. The root systems were added to increase the cohesion of transparent soil. Once the content of root increased from 0% to 0.6% in the root-soil composites under the saturated condition, the cohesion increased from 8.35 to 19.00 kPa, with an increase of 127.50%. 3) According to the improved scheme of transparent soil, the deformation behavior of transparent vegetative soil and root-soil composite slopes can be directly observed by the PIV technique, thus reducing the test cost. The root systems can dramatically reduce the micro deformation of slopes under the action of slope-top loads, in order to effectively prevent potential landslides and natural disasters. The findings can also provide a new material and approach for the root reinforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of globalized geo-economics, international big channel are changing the way geo-economic elements flow across borders, expanding cooperation spaces such as ports and border-free trade zones to more distant inland areas and shaping new ways of cross-border geo-economic cooperation. As an international land and sea channel connecting China and Myanmar, the China-Myanmar Indian Ocean New Channel (hereinafter "the Channel") is of great importance for promoting geo-economic cooperation between the two countries and the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. However, owing to various obstacles in geo-economic cooperation, the geo-economic effect of the Channel has not been effectively brought into play. In this study, the obstacles to geo-economic cooperation in the Channel and its collaborative mechanisms were analyzed to provide important scientific and technological support for enhancing its geo-economic effects and strengthening geo-economic cooperation between China and Myanmar. The natural geography of the region with its high mountains and deep valleys and the frequently occurring natural disasters are natural obstacles that limit the geo-economic effect of the Channel. Moreover, the difference in economic development between China and Myanmar is not conducive to the deepening of geo-economic cooperation in the Channel. Complex armed conflicts have disrupted the construction of the Channel and China's investment in its route, and the potential intervention of India and the United States will become an added constraint on its further development. Furthermore, the multiple stakeholders game in the construction of the Channel may bring geo-risks. Contrary to preconceived notions, geo-economic cooperation in the Channel is not a strategy for regional control, but rather to create an international trade corridor deeply related to transportation logistics, supply chains, industrial chains and value chains. To promote geo-economic cooperation in the Channel, its construction should be based on a multi-level collaborative mechanism for geo-economic cooperation. At the national level, the docking of development strategies between China and Myanmar should be strengthened by promoting integration of the Channel into the Belt and Road Initiative, strengthening the docking of China-Myanmar policy communication mechanisms, and formulating a long-term development strategy plan for the Channel. At the channel level, the geo-economic effect of the Channel should be upgraded by promoting the linkage of internal and external infrastructures, strengthening geo-economic element cross-border flow and industrial cooperation, and deepening economic and trade cooperation with Myanmar and the Indian Ocean region. At the stakeholder level, a consultation mechanism involving multi-stakeholder participation should be established by strengthening the docking of multi-stakeholder interests, coordinating the mechanism of China-Myanmar port docking, and creating a three-dimensional risk prevention mechanism for the Channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus melanose consists of a series of plant diseases caused by the fungal species of the genus Diaporthe. It has been reported with over 30 Diaporthe species on citrus, including several important fungal pathogens, endophytes, saprophytes, and also latent fungal pathogens with an endophytic/saprophytic lifestyle. Among them, the disease symptoms caused by Diaporthe citri are complex, and the black spots and sand skin symptoms produced on fruits and leaves are the most serious harm to citrus. Currently, the primers and methods for the detection of D. citri have been constructed, and are supposed to be used in field monitor of the dynamics of the pathogen and the epidemiology of the caused diseases. In the orchard, the infection and outbreak of melanose is highly correlated to the orchard damage by natural disasters and continuous rainfalls, the main disease control strategy should be the combination method of agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control. For the agricultural control, the dead woods, twigs, and leaves should be cleared to reduce the formation of infection sources; for the physical control, it is important to avoid plant wounds by cold and sunburn, and the conidia spread by rains; for the chemical control, the usage of fungicides should be protective to the plant wounds, and also over the period of rainfalls. In addition, the research of the biological control of citrus melanose is still in its infancy, several studies have isolated different antagonistic microorganisms and tested their effects on the control of citrus melanose, which suggest their promising roles as supplementary fungicides. This review summarized the major research progresses of citrus melanose at home and abroad, and aimed to offer some insights to the control of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of urban waterlogging disasters caused by extreme rainfall due to climate change has posed a threat to urban water safety and sustainable development in China. Accurately grasping the public opinion and emotions in the disaster-stricken areas is of great importance for improving the situational awareness capabilities of emergency management departments in dealing with waterlogging disasters. In today's era of intelligent networks, the increasing importance of social media as a platform for people to voice their problems and suggestions has made it a major carrier of public sentiment and societal opinion, providing a new avenue for obtaining information about natural disasters. A key technical challenge that needs to be urgently addressed is how to quickly extract urban flood disaster information from social media, and how to perform thematic categorization and sentiment analysis of natural disaster information to accurately grasp the thematic categories of regional disaster situations and public opinion trends. Taking Sina Weibo as an example, this article elaborates on the methods of collecting and pre-processing flood disaster data, and constructs a thematic classification and sentiment analysis model of urban flood disaster information based on FastText to accurately capture the thematic categories and public opinion orientations of disaster-stricken areas. The research results, using the "7.20" heavy rain and flood disaster in Zhengzhou in 2021 as an example show that the methods proposed in this article achieve intelligent extraction and analysis of urban flood disaster data on social media. The theme classification model achieves an F1 score of over 0.80 for the classification prediction of the eight predefined categories, and the sentiment analysis model is generally able to accurately predict data labelled as "negative" in sentiment, which indicates that the FastText-based urban flood disaster information theme classification and sentiment analysis model constructed in this article can meet the needs of urban emergency management departments to dynamically grasp the development of flood disasters and public emotions. It holds significant guiding importance for flood prevention and disaster mitigation planning, calming public emotions, and pinpointing rescue efforts in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the monthly data of 132 fattening feed prices for mutton sheep from January 2012 to December 2022, this paper selects soybean meal price, wheat bran price, mutton price, and natural disaster risk index as explanatory variables to analyze the influencing factors of fattening feed price fluctuation for mutton sheep in China. The results showed that the price of soybean meal had a significant impact on fattening feed of mutton sheep through an internal transmission mechanism. Natural disasters had obvious influence on the fluctuation of fattening feed price of mutton sheep through external impact mechanism. The fattening feed price of early mutton sheep had a significant impact on the fattening feed price of late mutton sheep. The study indicates that the conclusion of this paper can provide a reference for maintaining the long-term stability of fattening feed price of mutton sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Science & Technology & Economy is the property of Grain Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Earthquake (1000-3274) is the property of Editorial Office of Earthquake Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Earthquake (1000-3274) is the property of Editorial Office of Earthquake Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

(1) Background--Under the background of "dual carbon", the development and implementation of forest carbon sinks projects can not only improve the level of forest management, increase the potential of forest carbon sinks, but also play a certain economic and social benefits. However, in reality, due to the long operation cycle of forest carbon sinks projects, there are risks such as natural disasters, technical constraints, market fluctuations and policy changes, etc. As the implementers of forest carbon sinks projects, the willingness of forest farmers to manage forest is higher, but their participation behavior is weak. (2) Methods--The research hypotheses were put forward on the basis of theoretical analysis. The research data came from the field survey conducted by the research group in 5 counties (districts) in Zhejiang Province from June 2022 to August 2023, and a total of 519 valid questionnaires were obtained. In this paper, farmers' carbon sinks forest management behavior was selected as the explained variable, benefit cognition and interest cognition was selected as the key explanatory variables, and personal characteristics, family characteristics and village characteristics were selected as the control variables. Based on the perspective of benefit cognition and interest cognition, Logit model was used to systematically discuss and compare the effects of these two kinds of cognition on the forest farmers' willingness and behavior to manage carbon sinks forests. (3) Results--From the two cognitive perspectives, there is a significant deviation between the farmers' actual management behavior and participation willingness. Both benefit cognition and interest cognition can significantly improve the farmers' willingness to manage carbon sinks forests, but have no significant effect on their management behavior. In terms of benefit cognition, although both ecological benefit cognition and social benefit cognition can significantly improve the farmers' willingness to manage carbon sinks forests, only social benefit cognition has a significant positive impact on the farmers' management behavior of participating in forest carbon sinks projects. In terms of interest cognition, the farmers' willingness to manage carbon sinks forests is affected by both the amount of interest and the way of interest, and the influence of these two factors is weakened when extended to management behavior. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, carry out appropriate training, extensively use online media to increase the publicity of carbon sinks projects and the popularization of carbon sinks policies. Second, establish a diversified and market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism to enhance the social benefits of carbon sinks projects by increasing employment positions and forestry technical training, etc., strengthen the information disclosure of the interest distribution mechanism of forest carbon sinks projects, and encourage farmers to participate in the decision-making on the projects management and interest distribution policies. Third, focus on various factors that affect farmers' decision-making, including risk attitude, time preference, information acquisition and processing methods, family structure, community relations, and policy support, etc. Fourth, provide more support measures and incentive mechanisms, establish a long-term tracking mechanism, and continuously optimize the operation mode and management mechanism of forest carbon sinks projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the common obstacles detected during the maintenance of railway communication optical cables, and explore the methods to analyze and locate and deal with such obstacles. According to the situation of fiber core blocking, the obstacles of optical cables are divided into several types, such as complete blocking, partial blocking, and excessive fiber attenuation. The causes of optical cable obstacles are analyzed, and are divided into natural disasters, external forces, human factors, and cable defects. For diff erent types of optical cable obstacles, corresponding handling methods are proposed, including the principles for dealing with faults and obstacles, the sequences for achieving emergent reconnection and recovery, and the methods for locating and dealing with cable fault points. This paper emphasizes the importance of day-to-day maintenance management of railway communication optical cable lines, to ensure the safe operation of railway communication equipment, so as to guarantee the safety of railway transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective/Meaning] The frequent impact of natural disasters has directly or indirectly affected the social stability and people’s production and life. The effective emergency response and post-disaster reconstruction of the government may provide important opportunities for the government to resolve the disaster risks and create a new image, thereby enhancing the legitimacy of the regime in the state of emergency. [Methods/Procedures] Based on the data of the China Family Panel Studies in 2014, 2016 and 2018, the impact of natural disasters on the trust of rural residents in local governments was empirically tested through the twoway fixed effect model.[Results/Conclusions] It was found that the level of trust of rural residents in local governments has been significantly improved under the impact of long-term natural disasters. Under the impact of short-term natural disasters, the level of trust of rural residents in local governments would increase significantly, but it was difficult to maintain for a long time, and even would fall back to the normal levels. The heterogeneity analysis showed that the impact of disasters which were closely related to the production and life of rural residents, such as the flood and drought disasters, biological disasters, earthquake disasters, and geological disasters, has strengthened the trust of rural residents in local governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The Turkey-Syria earthquake occurred on February 6th, 2023, and caused heavy casualties and property losses. This paper used high-resolution night-time light images to assess the damage of the affected cities. Methods: A multivariate power function regression model was used for intercalibration between sustainable development goals satellite-1(SDGSAT-1) and Yangwang-1 night-time light images. And the disaster assessment was carried out in the cities of Adiyaman and Antakya-Defne in Turkey. Results: The results show that the power facilities of Adiyaman and Antakya-Defne were severely damaged in the earthquake. The light loss rate of more than half of the building area exceeded 80%, and the overall light loss rate of the building area exceeded 70%. Additionally, the light loss rate in the east of Adiyaman was higher than that in the west, and the light loss rate in the downtown area of Antakya-Defne was higher than that in the suburbs. Conclusions: The high-resolution night-time light images can effectively assess the impact caused by natural disasters, and the assessment results can also help local government departments guide emergency relief and reconstruction work after the earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pearl River is the property of Pearl River Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mechanism of drought disaster in karst areas is complex, and the technical specification method of drought disaster risk census does not consider the drought disaster mechanism comprehensively, resulting in insufficient coordination between the drought disaster risk zoning results with the county-level administrative regions as the assessment unit and the historical drought disaster results, which has become a difficult problem in the drought disaster risk census in Guizhou Province. As the basic theory of drought disaster risk zoning, the natural disaster risk theory constructs a drought disaster risk zoning index system with karst characteristics based on the natural disaster risk theory to conduct drought disaster risk research, which can provide a basis for drought disaster risk zoning. Taking Zunyi City as an example and based on risk theory of natural disasters, the representative indicators of drought disaster risk in karst area are analyzed and selected, a drought risk zoning model is established, the weight of drought disaster index system is determined by coupled weighting method of expert scoring method and entropy weight, and quantile classification using ArcGIS, and drought disaster risk zoning research is carried out. 1 The results show that surface water drought hazard index, terrain composite index, cultivated area and proportion of drylands, rural centralized water supply rate and effective farmland irrigation ratio are the main influencing factors of the drought hazard, environmental vulnerability, exposure of the values at risk, and capacity to prevent or mitigate drought disaster, respectively. 2 The drought disaster risk level of all counties and districts in Zunyi City is mainly medium risk or below, accounting for 64.3%, and the cumulative proportion of medium-high risk areas and high-risk areas are 35.7%. 3 The overall drought disaster risk shows a pattern of high distribution in the northeast and low in the southwest and regional distribution characteristics. High-risk areas are distributed in the northeast, medium-high risk areas are distributed in the north, medium-risk areas are distributed in the east, medium-low risk areas are distributed in the south, and low-risk areas are mainly distributed in the middle. Through a comparative analysis with the national drought relief program and other related data, the rationality of the zoning results is verified, which can provide a scientific basis for the local drought disaster prevention work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current frequent occurrence of extreme weather events and the rapid expansion of urban and rural construction since the reform and opening up have led to aggravation of the contradiction between human and disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between urban and rural construction space and natural disasters. Taking the urban and rural construction space and natural disasters in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as the research object, and the interaction between the expansion of urban and rural construction space and natural disasters in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was explored through the methods of comparative research and comprehensive induction. The research shows that the spatial expansion of urban and rural construction is closely related to natural disasters, and the mutual influence relationship is bidirectional. There are regional differences in the correlation between urban and rural construction space expansion and disaster evolution. The overlap between disasterprone areas and urban construction-intensive areas is more closely related. The evolution of geological disasters, rainstorm and flood disasters is highly correlated with the spatial expansion of urban and rural construction. The expansion of urban and rural construction space aggravates the possibility and danger of disasters. The natural disasters limit the development direction of urban and rural construction space. The cost of urban development is increased by natural disasters. High-intensity construction and layout of important facilities should avoid areas prone to disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Plague is one of the natural disasters in Xinjiang. This study found the Ili District was the area where the plagues happened and struck most during the Qing Dynasty after categorizing Manchu and Chinese historical records by time and space. Under the imperial government’s arrangement, a system rescuing and preventing disasters led by local governments was constructed, thus greatly improving the public medical level during the plague prevention and control in Xinjiang, which strengthened people’s abilities to tacking natural disasters during the Qing Dynasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The 8th symposium on fluid geoscience, mineral resources and environmental disasters reflects the formation and evolution of geological fluids, the enrichment and distribution of mineral resources, and the research progress and development trend of environmental disasters in recent years. The relevant papers of the 8th symposium regarding fluid geoscience, mineral resources and environmental disasters from 6 aspects, including the deep geological processes and mineral resources, the physicochemical techniques of geological fluid research, the fluid geochemical characteristics and seismicity, the occurrence characteristics and development status of geothermal resources, the accumulation characteristics, controlling factors and enrichment rules of geological resources, the fluid geoscience and geographical natural environment, were summarized. The results show that ① the generation and evolution mechanism, enrichment and migration mechanism of oil, gas and mineral resources, and the development of exploration and development technology are still the focus of the current research in the field of fluid geoscience, and the research content also pays more attention to the history and mechanism of resource generation and evolution; ② it is the current main trend to adopt diversified and more accurate new technologies to explore new fields with more complicated geological conditions, deeper burial and more difficult exploration and exploitation; ③ at present, the uncertainty of China's extreme natural disaster risk is affected by many natural, economic and social factors, and it shows an increasing trend; destructive earthquakes are in a period of frequent occurrence, and the sudden, abnormal and complex characteristics of natural disasters are also showing an increasing trend, therefore, it is urgent to improve China's natural disaster prevention and control capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Rainfall is one of the most important external factors inducing geological disasters, especially prominent in China's mountainous regions. Many group-occurring geological disasters induced by heavy rainfall occurred in southeast China's middle and low mountainous regions, causing many casualties and property losses. Taking Fujian Province as an example, we carefully examined the actual rainfall data of historical geological disaster cases and conducted correlation studies on typical rainfall processes inducing group-occurring geological disasters based on quantitative rainfall estimation with county-level administrative districts as the statistical unit. We also carried out a partial correlation analysis based on quantitative indicators of the geological environment for verification. The result shows that the occurrence of geological disasters in Fujian correlates with adequate rainfall within three days, and it is reduced by a reduction coefficient of 0.79 daily. Based on that finding, we established an effective rainfall model for Fujian Province and verified it through field monitoring and early warning applications. Applying this rainfall model to geological disaster early warning in Fujian can reduce the warning area, lower the warning level, shorten the warning duration, and improve the accuracy of geological disaster early warning by maintaining the hit ratio. The results of the study can help to characterize the rainfall accurately and can provide a scientific basis for the reasonable assessment of rainfall factors in regional geological disaster early warning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

China is the most seriously affected area by typhoons. It is of great significance for the theory and practice of zonal disaster risk prevention to carry out a systematic risk assessment of typhoon disasters and regional law summary and regionalization research. Based on the regional disaster system theory, we systematically evaluate the population and economic risk of typhoon disasters in Guangdong Province and express the results using a geo-graph method of the return period, to support the future work of typhoon disaster risk regionalization. In the model, typhoon hazards include wind, heavy rain, and flood. The evaluation model includes three factors: typhoon hazard intensity, the social vulnerability of the population and economic victims, and the extent of exposure. The scenarios include 5-year, 10-year, 20-year, 50-year, and 100-year return periods. The results show: 1) the hazard intensity decreases gradually from coastal to inland for each scenario, i.e., intensive hazards mainly concentrate in coastal areas and inland areas along rivers. 2) the high vulnerability is mainly distributed in urban areas of the Pearl River Delta, East, North, and West Guangdong. 3) the high exposure is mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, East, and West Guangdong cities. 4) the risk gradually decreases from coastal to inland, in five scenarios high-risk areas are concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, and the secondary high-level centers are in the Chaozhou, Shantou urban area in eastern Guangdong, and the Zhanjiang, Maoming urban area in western Guangdong. These multi-scenario and systematic results could be the basis of the following research on the regionalization of natural disaster risk [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the grain price data in the grain price database of The Qing Dynasty edited by Mr. Wang Yejian, this paper investigates the grain price fluctuation of the 12 prefectural governments in Shaanxi during the Qianlong Dynasty. The research shows that during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the fluctuation of grain price in Shaanxi province was mainly influenced by natural disasters, which stimulated the rise of grain price. The war was also the key factor that led to the drastic fluctuation of grain prices in Shaanxi in a short period. Especially, in the process of the qing government’s unification of Xinjiang, in order to supply military grain, shaanxi actively purchased and allocated military grain, which made the fluctuation of grain prices in Shaanxi obvious. At the same time, by using the analysis method of wheat price variation coefficient and correlation coefficient in Shaanxi during the Reign of Emperor Qianlong, it is concluded that the integration degree of north Shaanxi and Guanzhong region is high, but the integration degree of Shaanxi as a whole is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to avoid the chain reaction of secondary or derivative accidents in chemical enterprises, based on accident cases and related literature analysis, four typical chemical production equipments, such as gasifier, plate distillation tower, reaction kettle and shell-and-tube heat exchanger, are selected as the research objects. From the perspective of emergencies, risk identification is carried out based on the equipment structure diagram, and the causes and consequences of four kinds of emergencies, such as natural disasters, accident disasters, public health incidents and social security incidents, are comprehensively considered to construct the emergency chain of typical chemical production equipments. The results show that the emergency chain of chemical production equipment mainly involves two categories: natural disasters and accident disasters. Natural disaster risk and enterprise's own equipment defects or lack of management are the initial events that induce the accident chain, and most of them are chain events such as equipment corrosion or over-temperature and over-pressure, which lead to accident disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typhoons can generally bring the terrible damage for the agricultural production, particularly in Hainan Island with the frequent occurrence. It is a high demand for the accurate and rapid risk assessment on agricultural typhoon disaster, in order to optimize the layout of agricultural planting for the damage prevention and mitigation. Taking the Hainan Island of south China as the study area, this research aims to construct the assessment index system of agricultural typhoon disaster for the sustainable development countermeasures. Some influencing factors were also selected in the natural disaster system, including the rainfall, wind speed, typhoon occurrence time, digital elevation model data, rivers and watersheds, ratio vegetation index, agricultural population, agricultural output value, cultivated land area, and land area during the occurrence of typhoons over many years. Some considerations were then posed on the risk of disaster-causing factors, the exposure of hazard-formative environments, and the vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies. Eight indicators were illustrated for the risk comprehensive assessment model of agricultural typhoon disaster, including the maximum wind speed accumulation, rainfall accumulation, influence index of terrain factor, river network density, vegetation exposure, agricultural population density, output value per unit area of agricultural land, and the proportion of cultivated land in the land area. The relative importance of each index was scored by 15 experienced experts that engaged in the meteorology, agriculture, hydrology, and geography using analytic hierarchy process. Then, the weight was calculated to evaluate the contribution degree of eight indexes for each Criteria layer and index layer, according to the matrix judgment and consistency. As such, the agricultural typhoon disaster risk was determined from the typhoon occurrence data from 2001 to 2020. The agricultural typhoon disaster risks of cities and counties were divided into five levels: level I, II, III, IV, and V. The results showed that: The high risk of agricultural typhoon disaster was found in the study area, where the risk index was between 0.40 and 0.80, with an average of 0.61. The area of agricultural typhoon disaster risk level III and above were accounted for 74.8%. Spatially, the risk of typhoon disaster in the northern and coastal areas was much higher than that in the central mountainous area. Among them, Qionghai and Haikou cities presented the highest risk, with the disaster risk integrated index of 0.712 and 0.689, respectively. The lowest disaster risk was observed in Baoting, Baisha, Wuzhishan, and Qiongzhong cities, with the integrated index of disaster risk all lower than 0.540. The risk of disaster-causing factors and the exposure of hazard-formative environment for the agricultural typhoon were retained at a high level in northern areas (such as Haikou, Wenchang, Ding'an, and Chengmai), and coastal areas (such as Qionghai, and Danzhou), whereas a low level was found in the central areas (such as Baisha, Qiongzhong, and Wuzhishan). The vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies remained at a high level in Qionghai, Lingshui and Sanya, whereas, a low level in Baisha and Qiongzhong. Three countermeasures were also proposed for the prevention and reduction of agricultural typhoon disaster during sustainable development. Specifically, the layout of agricultural planting can be rationally adjusted for the risk monitoring and early warning, according to the typhoon characteristics and the risk distribution of agricultural typhoon disasters. The investment can be expected to strengthen in agricultural policy insurance. The specific measures included: 1) priority should be given to the typhoon-resistant crops, winter melon, and vegetable planting in the Qiongdong region; 2) an intelligent monitoring and perception network can be established using space-sky-terrestrial integration for the agricultural typhoon disaster risk in remote mountainous areas, while the new remote sensing can be introduced in the areas with developed agricultural activities; 3) to innovate the agricultural insurance underwriting and claim settlement mode. The finding can offer the strong support to the disaster prevention and emergency decision-making for the regions with different disaster risk levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major railroad projects in complex and difficult areas have characteristics of complex geological conditions, high incidence of natural disasters, high plateau, high cold and lack of oxygen, low level of existing infrastructure, and extremely long construction period, etc. In order to ensure high quality construction and to solve important problems such as high worker turnover rate, significant aging, and vocational skills and quality to be improved, it is imperative to promote industrialized workers. Based on major railroad projects in complex and dangerous areas, this paper conducts in-depth interviews with front-line railroad construction workers and relevant enterprise leaders. 12 influencing factors of industrialized worker training by applying rooting theory are analyzed and summarized into 6 main categories. Based on the analysis and category, a ISM-MICMAC model is constructed to analyze the interrelationship between influencing factors. The key factors are combined with the driving force dependency matrix to find out 4 key root influencing factors and put forward countermeasure suggestions to reduce their influence. This research provides reference suggestions for industrialized worker training of major railroad projects in complex and difficult areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Farmland reforestation can exert some positive impacts on the biodiversity conservation in forests. It is very necessary to evaluate the response of ecosystem services to biodiversity conservation in recent years. Particularly, the ecosystem assessment of biodiversity conservation can greatly contribute to the decision-making on returning farmland to forests for future ecological benefits. There is a heterogeneous spatial distribution of biodiversity conservation functions, depending mainly on habitat fragmentation, corridors, and ecological connectivity. Among them, a key indicator of biodiversity conservation function can be the response process of ecological connectivity to the policy of returning farmland to forests. In previous studies, the equivalence method was widely employed to calculate the ecosystem service value of biodiversity conservation. However, the spatially explicit assessment of ecosystem service values cannot be performed without considering the effect of different woodland categories on the equivalence coefficients. Furthermore, farmland reforestation can benefit from the balance of economic development and ecological conservation during the spatial land allocation, especially in a fluctuating terrain with a large probability of natural disasters. Taking Shidian County, Yunnan Province, China as the study area, this study aims to clarify the effect of three farmland reforestation scenarios on the biodiversity conservation values of forest land. The morphological analysis model and ecological connectivity index were integrated to identify the ecological importance of the forest patches. The spatial relationship with the local physical factors (slope and forest coverage) was selected to adjust the coefficients of ecological service value for the biodiversity conservation in the various types of forest land. The changing trend of values was used to determine the maximum benefit and the feasibility of returning farmland to forests under different scenarios. The results showed that the farmland reforestation significantly altered the land use structure and pattern. The ecological source areas of the four scenarios were 21 425.20, 32 266.15, 27 838.22, and 28 507.13 hm2, respectively. The ecological connectivity showed a significant increase in the diffusion distance from 1500 to 10000 m. There was an upward trend in the ecological service value of forest biodiversity conservation under the different scenarios, increasing by 3.02×107, 4.7×106, and 1.57×107 Yuan, respectively, with the increase of species dispersal distance. There was a high significance between the biomass with the slope and altitude in the different types of forest land. Therefore, the maximum revised equivalence factor was obtained as Scenario II, according to the revised equivalence factor formula and the average forest biomass density in China. Scenario II presented the least conversion of farmland to forest. In the value assessment of biodiversity conservation, the maximum and minimum were Scenario II, and III, respectively. Correspondingly, Scenario II can be expected to increase the ecological service value of biodiversity conservation. Anyway, the spatial structure and distribution of forest habitats can also provide solid guidelines for the decision making on reforestation policies and ecological compensation, as well as the intensity of farmland reforestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apple is the pillar industry of agricultural characteristic economy in Shaanxi province, but it is facing severe weather disasters during the production process, and the agricultural insurance has not effectively dispersed and transferred these risk. The data of apple planting area, production and yield per unit area of 30 base counties in Shaanxi province from 1981 to 2019 were collected, and the mathematical statistical analysis, yield loss distribution models and optimal distribution model screening were used to evaluate and determine the apple planting risk and its insurance premium rate. The results showed that the apple planting area, production and yield per unit area were increased from 1981 to 2019 in Shaanxi province. Luochuan, Liquan and Chunhua had the highest planting area and production, and the average planting area were 2.12×104ha, 2.01×104ha, and 1.94×104ha, the average production were 33.19×104t, 51.26×104t and 34.28×104t respectively from 1981 to 2019. Liquan and Fufeng were characterized by the relatively higher average yield per hectare with 19.71t and 16.89t respectively from 1981 to 2019. The probability of disaster risk was 29.72%, and the mild, medium, severe and extreme disasters were 17.41%, 7.21%, 2.99% and 2.11% respectively for apple planting in Shaanxi province. Yanchuan and Qianyang were prone to extreme disasters with probability of 24.18% and 20.79%. The probability of severe and extreme disasters was negatively correlated to the planting area with the correlation coefficients of -0.50. The average premium rate of apple planting was 5.23% in Shaanxi province, Yanchuan had the highest premium rate of 18.37%, followed by Qianyang (16.61%). Liquan, Luochuan, and Chunhua, the bigger apple-planting counties, had relatively low premium rates of 7.12%, 7.35%, and 8.63% respectively. Therefore, the high risk areas such as Yanchuan and Qianyang should be cautious in "northward expansion", Luochuan, Liquan and Chunhua could be maintained the planting advantages, and the low risk areas such as Fengxiang could be considered in planting expansion. Increasing apple planting in area with low natural disaster risk could effectively spread the risk in space. The differentiated premium rate according to local conditions should be implemented to ensure the scientificity of premium rate and improve the efficiency of agricultural insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)