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Copyright of Modern Educational Technology is the property of Editorial Board of Modern Educational Technology, Tsinghua University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Continue Education Research is the property of Harbin Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Driven by the rapid development of tourism, human settlement space in tourism destinations is facing an unprecedented multifunctional transformation. Multifunctional theory provides a new theory and paradigm for research on the sustainable development of human settlements and provides creative solutions for the construction and regulation of human settlements in tourism destinations under the typical regional environment of China. This study systematically analyzes and summarizes the concept evolution, evaluation system, changing characteristics, driving mechanism, and adaptive regulation of multifunctional human settlements in tourism destinations at home and abroad. The study reveals the evolution path of current research and offers future research directions and suggestions. The main conclusions are described as follows: 1) Regarding concept connotation and evaluation system, more research focuses on the diversified needs of high-quality human settlements. 2) Regarding spatial changing characteristics, more research presents a transformation from the overall description of macro region, focusing analysis on villages and towns in mesoscale, to the in-depth exploration of interior space for residences on a micro scale. 3) In exploring the driving mechanism, more studies combine natural factors and social factors to explore driving forces. The current research results show the characteristics of a "natural resource base determining the spatial function type" in the initial stage, to "industrial development leading the spatial function transformation" in the mid-term stage, and "the pursuit of natural comfort in human settlements" in the later stage. 4) In terms of adaptive regulation, most studies conclude to countermeasures that mainly realized through the coordination of stakeholders' social relations and the optimization of the combination and utilization development of physical space. Finally, this study establishes the evolution path map of the three stages of multi-functional human settlement in tourism destinations, and offers a focus for follow-up research, including evaluation systems combined with humanism, a more comprehensive coupling and trade-off driving mechanism within stakeholders on the multi-level spatial scale, and a multifunctional transition optimization strategy combining top-down and bottom-up approaches. Meanwhile, it is emphasized that the integration and innovation of interdisciplinary methods will become an important breakthrough.

In the context of tourism development, modernization and commercialization relentlessly colonize ethnic areas, reshaping the physical, social, and significant spaces of tourism destinations. Due to the influx of capital and the change of power subjects, ethnic tourism villages have become a new reality through the continuous deconstruction and construction of multiple subjects. The separation and integration of modernity and tradition has led to the alienation and tension of village social relations and structure. To examine the power subjects, spatial forms, spatial relations, and emotions involved in the process of tourism reproduction, this study, adopting Zhaoxing Dong village in Guizhou Province as a case, uses Lefebvre's theory of spatial production and the methods of field survey and in-depth interview to analyze the relationship between physical space, social space, and emotion from the three dimensions of social space and meaning space. This study assesses the "material-relationship-emotion" connection of multiple power subjects and self-consistency with tourism development. The results show the following. First, physical space can be replanned with the change of power subjects, which is conducive to the return of the labor force. The authenticity of villages can be maintained under discipline and control, but the constructed landscape symbol is the misplaced expression of ethnic villages. Second, for conflicts in the social space, local residents adopt the strategy of concession and do not withdraw, reaching a tacit understanding of space use and management at the wrong time with the managers. Zhailao, an authoritarian figure, has become a representative of resolving differences and promoting the consolidation and cohesion of social relations. Through the transfer and comprehensiveness of tourists and foreign operators, it reflects the open and inclusive hospitality and philosophy of local residents. Third, the meaning space can be reproduced through the local residents' emotional injection of festival events and culture, the inheritance of cultural habits, the inheritance of local conventions, and the memory and imagination of nostalgic things. From the perspective of tourism space reproduction, the study reviews and examines the multi space of Zhaoxing Dong village tourism and concludes that there are many social problems in Zhaoxing village, which imply many social contradictions. However, under the consensus of sharing interests, positive games, and harmonious coexistence, the multi-power subjects in Zhaoxing village have different opinions. After evaluating the development trend and potential of local tourism, they will make their own spatial arrangement, spatial compromise, relationship concession, and emotional adjustment under the consideration of multi-mediation, multi-organization coordination, and multi-relationships, to adapt to the changes in the physical, social, and meaning spaces engendered by tourism development. These changes can help shape the modern local culture, maintain the original rural style, embody ethnic customs, and carry forward rural humanistic and moral values. Moreover, they can provide a practical reference for the sustainable development of tourism and the prosperity and revitalization of beautiful ethnic villages.

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the evolutionary game theory, this paper constructs a cooperative game model of the government, enterprises and villagers in ethnic villages to analyze the factors affecting the tripartite cooperation in the process of ethnic tourism development, and tests the analysis results through the typical cases of Moutuo Qiangzhai, Taoping Qiangzhai and Jiaju Zang-zhai. It is found that raising the cost of grass-roots government's non-supervision, increasing the default cost of enterprises settled in and increasing the net profit of villagers are the important factors to promote tripartite cooperation. The absence of grassroots government supervision will definitely lead to the default of enterprises; the enthusiasm of enterprises to comply with the contract is positively correlated with the intensity of punishment; the enthusiasm of the villagers to participate in is affected by the net income and the encroachment of the enterprise on their interests, and has nothing to do with government subsidies. Therefore, it is proposed to improve the grass-roots government's governance ability, innovate the restriction mechanism for enterprises and increase the ways to obtain the benefits of villagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by the rapid development of tourism, human settlement space in tourism destinations is facing an unprecedented multifunctional transformation. Multifunctional theory provides a new theory and paradigm for research on the sustainable development of human settlements and provides creative solutions for the construction and regulation of human settlements in tourism destinations under the typical regional environment of China. This study systematically analyzes and summarizes the concept evolution, evaluation system, changing characteristics, driving mechanism, and adaptive regulation of multifunctional human settlements in tourism destinations at home and abroad. The study reveals the evolution path of current research and offers future research directions and suggestions. The main conclusions are described as follows: 1) Regarding concept connotation and evaluation system, more research focuses on the diversified needs of high-quality human settlements. 2) Regarding spatial changing characteristics, more research presents a transformation from the overall description of macro region, focusing analysis on villages and towns in mesoscale, to the in-depth exploration of interior space for residences on a micro scale. 3) In exploring the driving mechanism, more studies combine natural factors and social factors to explore driving forces. The current research results show the characteristics of a "natural resource base determining the spatial function type" in the initial stage, to "industrial development leading the spatial function transformation" in the mid-term stage, and "the pursuit of natural comfort in human settlements" in the later stage. 4) In terms of adaptive regulation, most studies conclude to countermeasures that mainly realized through the coordination of stakeholders' social relations and the optimization of the combination and utilization development of physical space. Finally, this study establishes the evolution path map of the three stages of multi-functional human settlement in tourism destinations, and offers a focus for follow-up research, including evaluation systems combined with humanism, a more comprehensive coupling and trade-off driving mechanism within stakeholders on the multi-level spatial scale, and a multifunctional transition optimization strategy combining top-down and bottom-up approaches. Meanwhile, it is emphasized that the integration and innovation of interdisciplinary methods will become an important breakthrough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In tlie context of tourism development, modernization and commercialization relentlessly colonize etluiic areas, reshaping the physical, social, and significant spaces of tourism destinations. Due to the influx of capital and tlie change of power subjects, etlinic tourism villages have become a new reality througli tlie continuous deconstruction and construction of multiple subjects. The separation and integration of modem辻y and tradition has led to tlie alienation and tension of village social relations and structure. To examine the power subjects, spatial fonns, spatial relations, and emotions involved in the process of tourism reproduction, this study, adopting Zhaoxing Dong village in Guizhou Province as a case, uses Lefebvre's tlieory of spatial production and tlie metliods of field survey and in-depth interview to analyze tlie relationship between physical space, social space, and emotion from the tliree dimensions of social space and meaning space. Tliis study assesses tlie "material-relationship-emotion" connection of multiple power subjects and self-consistency witi.1 tourism development. The results show tlie following. First, physical space can be replanned with the change of power subjects, which is conducive to the return of tlie labor force. The authenticity of villages can be maintained under discipline and control, but the constructed landscape symbol is the misplaced expression of etlinic villages. Second, for conflicts in the social space, local residents adopt tlie strategy of concession and do not witlidraw, reaching a tacit understanding of space use and management at tlie wrong time with tlie managers. Zhailao, an authoritarian figure, has become a representative of resolving differences and promoting tlie consolidation and cohesion of social relations. Through the transfer and comprehensiveness of tourists and foreign operators, it reflects the open and inclusive hospitality and philosophy of local residents. Third, the meaning space can be reproduced tlirough the local residents' emotional injection of festival events and culture, the inheritance of cultural habits, the inlieritance of local conventions, and the memory and imagination of nostalgic things. From the perspective of tourism space reproduction, the study reviews and examines the multi space of Zhaoxing Dong village tourism and concludes tliat there are many social problems in Zhaoxing village, which imply many social contradictions. However, under the consensus of sharing interests, positive games, and hannonious coexistence, the multi-power subjects in Zhaoxing village have different opinions. After evaluating the development trend and potential of local tourism, tliey will make tlieir own spatial arrangement, spatial compromise, relationship concession, and emotional adjustment under the consideration of multi-mediation, multi-organization coordination, and multi-relationships, to adapt to the changes in the physical, social, and meaning spaces engendered by tourism development. These changes can help shape the modem local culture, maintain tlie original rural style, embody ethnic customs, and carry fonvard rural humanistic and moral values. Moreover, tliey can provide a practical reference for the sustainable development of tourism and the prosperity and revitalization of beautiful etlinic villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Villagers' self-governance in China is the institutional consequence of the re-construction of the relationship between state and society in the process of political and economic reforms in the rural areas in China. The practice of self-governance has encountered some institutional difficulties and limitations, which reflect the structural tensions between multiple subjects in China's rural grass-roots governance framework concerning the distribution of power. Against such a background, constructing institutional cooperative relationship and seeking co-governance are important ways to achieve good governance for rural grass-roots. On the basis of traditional deliberative governance in China and the deliberative democracy in the west, a mechanism of deliberative participation should be constructed to realize such a cooperative relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]