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As a shade plant with high ornamental value, Saxifraga stolonifera is often used in landscape of courtyards and gardens. The light intensity may have an important infuence on its growth performance, especially on leaf color, formation and coloration of leaf variegation, which subsequently affects its ornamental value. However, the related study has not been reported before. In order to explore the adaptability of different cultivars of S. stolonifera to light intensity and understand their light or shade tolerance, three internationally-registered cultivars raised in China were used as the experimental materials, the effects of five light intensity treatments (100%, 85%, 60%, 40% and 15%) on plant growth and development and photosynthetic physiological indexes were investigated. The suitable indexes of light intensity for S. stolonifera were screened by the principal component analysis, and the light tolerance of the cultivars was evaluated by membership function analysis. The results were as follows: (1) The number of blades, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, specific leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents increased with shading. (2) The number of stolons, fresh weight above ground, dry weight above ground, stolon diameter, and the contents of carotenoid and flavonoids increased first and then decreased. (3) The maximum fluorescence value and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and malondialdehyde of the leaves decreased with shading. (4) By analysis of principal component and membership function, the significant differences were found in the adaptability of the three cultivars to light intensity, ‘Xue Wen’ > ‘Tianmu Enci’ > ‘Hei Kui’. In which, 40% light intensity was optimal for ‘Xue Wen’, and 15%-40% light intensities were optimal for ‘Tianmu Enci’ and ‘Hei Kui’. Therefore, in horticultural practice, the suitable light intensity should be considered according to the cultivars of Saxifraga.

As a shade plant with high ornamental value, Saxifraga stolonifera is often used in landscape of courtyards and gardens. The light intensity may have an important infuence on its growth performance, especially on leaf color, formation and coloration of leaf variegation, which subsequently affects its ornamental value. However, the related study has not been reported before. In order to explore the adaptability of different cultivars of S. stolonifera to light intensity and understand their light or shade tolerance, three internationally-registered cultivars raised in China were used as the experimental materials, the effects of five light intensity treatments(100%, 85%, 60%, 40% and 15%)on plant growth and development and photosynthetic physiological indexes were investigated. The suitable indexes of light intensity for S. stolonifera were screened by the principal component analysis, and the light tolerance of the cultivars was evaluated by membership function analysis. The results were as follows:(1)The number of blades, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, specific leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents increased with shading.(2)The number of stolons, fresh weight above ground, dry weight above ground, stolon diameter, and the contents of carotenoid and flavonoids increased first and then decreased.(3)The maximum fluorescence value and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and malondialdehyde of the leaves decreased with shading.(4)By analysis of principal component and membership function, the significant differences were found in the adaptability of the three cultivars to light intensity, ‘Xue Wen' > ‘Tianmu Enci' > ‘Hei Kui'. In which, 40% light intensity was optimal for ‘Xue Wen', and 15%-40% light intensities were optimal for ‘Tianmu Enci' and ‘Hei Kui'. Therefore, in horticultural practice, the suitable light intensity should be considered according to the cultivars of Saxifraga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to find out the correlation among the quantitative characters and influencing factors of production of Macridiscus multifarius, high phenotypic traits shell length (SL), shell height (SH), shell width (SW), body mass (BM) of randomly selected different geographic groups of wild equilateral shallow clam in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province were measured, and relationship between morphological traits and weight traits of M. multifarius was analyzed by path analysis. The results showed that the effects of morphological traits on body mass were different between the two populations, and shell height had the greatest influence on body mass in Shengsi population, while shell width was the most influential trait on body mass in Putuo population. The correlation coefficients between morphological traits and body mass of the two populations were great and with extremely significant correlation. The indirect action of morphological traits on body mass was greater than the direct action. The regression equations of variables with significant partial regression coefficients for body mass were expressed as Y=0.505X1 + 0.773X2 + 0.723X3-41.313, Y =0.258X1 + 0.432X2 + 0.888X3-23.607, where Y represents body mass, X1, X2 and X3 represent shell length, shell height and shell width, respectively. The regression coefficients of the two equations are extremely significant. The results showed that the shell height of Shengsi population was an ideal index to measure the body weight in the breeding of the equilateral shallow clam, while the shell width of Putuo population should be paid attention to, and this may provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of M. multifarious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of shell morphological traits on the body mass of wild Paphia textile and provide references for artificial breeding of P. textile.【Method】Four traits including shell length(SL), shell height(SH), shell width(SW) and body mass(BM) of 121 P. textile randomly chosen from Beihai, Guangxi Province were measured. The shell traits(SL, SH, SW) were used as independent variables and body(BM) was used as dependent variable for correlation, path, determination coefficients and multiple regression analysis.【Result】The maximal coefficient of variance is in body mass, with extremely significant differences in correlation coefficients among the four quantitative traits of P. textile. The correlation coefficient between body mass and shell width is the maximal, with a value of 0.882, and the minimal correlation coefficient is between shell length and shell width, with a value of 0.596. The results of path analysis indicate that shell width has the greatest direct influence on body mass, and the path coefficient is 0.573.The indirect influence of shell height through shell width on body mass is the greatest, and the path coefficient is 0.423. The results of degree of determination analysis are consistent with those of the path analysis results. The optimal multiple regression equation of shell traits on body mass is established through stepwise multiple regression analysis: BM=-32.258+0.309SL+0.356SH+1.456SW(R2=0.874).【Conclusion】When it comes to artificial breeding of P. textile with body mass as breeding objective, shell width should be considered first and the cooperative selection of shell height should be strengthened at the same time.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] To provide a basis for establishing I he breeding characteristics of common carp with different breeding patterns, the comparison and patli analysis of the growth performance of F3generations under different cultivating modes were stuthed. [Method] Breeding at three different cultivating-experiment conditions of the large-surface water, cages and the ponds, the off springs of the selected and controlled families of F2 generation were served as the breeding groups and the control groups, respectively. Then, we measured body weight (y),full length( X1),body length(X2) and body lieiglit(Af3) of those off springs, furthermore, all data was statistically analyzed with the help of the correlation analysis, path analysis and multiple regression analysis. [Rest -H] rile results revealed that the growth rate of the experimental group at the different breeding places were higher than the control group, however, the variation coefficient of growth indexes was opposite. Meanwhile the growth traits of the F3 generation became stable, and those advantages are highly obvious. Not only the direct and indirect effects what eveiy group under every breeding mood generated on the body weight were different, but also were the level of effects what each growth trait emerged, so the growth traits of the same generation under the different breeding patterns brought about physical variance. DH breeding group was the unique one to establish a multiple regression equation with independent variables (full length, body length and body height) ; Y = -669. 707 + 42. 462.Y, -35. 270.X2 + 82. 932X3. However, due to the correlation index R2 being less than 0. 85 and the value of residual factor being greatly large,the rest of group can not be used to correctly estimate the body weight, by gradually elimina-ting the remaining independent variables. I here were other traits that affected the body weight of the key traits, indicating that the effects on body weight of different morphological characteristics of the growth rate of different farming patterns were different. [Conclusion] The main morphological characters affecting body weight were different under different culture patterns, and the emphasis should be placed on the important traits that influence the quality of the body and family breedingbased on genetic relationship, which will effectively improve the efficiency of the improved varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By the methods of phenotypic identification and SRAP markers amplif cation, the genetic diversities of fourty wild H. compressa clones from southwest China were assessed and classified. The results showed as follows: The phenotypic variations were rich among H. com pressa clones, and the variation coefficient of the phenotypic traits ranged from 12. 9 % - 57. 0 % . Through the cluster analysis based on phenotypic traits, the clones with obvious genetic differences could be distinguished. The tested 40 H. compressa clones could be clustered into three groups, two cloners( H019 and H054) in A group without earring and flower, two cloners( H002 and H050) in B group with long intemode, long stem, long inflorescence, other 36 clones in C group. After the amplication with 15 pairs of SRAP primers, a total of 314 fragments were detected, among which, 290 fragments were polymorphic, accounting for 92. 4 % of the total. The amplified fragments and polymorphic fragments per pair primer combination were averagely 20. 9 and 19. 0, respectively. Polymorphic information content ( PIC) was from 0. 351 to 0. 499, with average of 0. 443, and the similarity coefficient of 40 accessions ranged from 0. 639 to 0. 949. These results suggested that there was rich genetic diversity among the wild resources of H. compressa clones tested. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0. 730, the H. compressa clones could be classified into three classes, 36 clones belonged to C class, B class included three clones, namely H050, H052 and H053 , and A class had H029 only. The relationship between morphological and SRAP-based genetic distance wasn ' t significant by mental test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking a 25-year old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation as the object, this paper studied the effects of thinning on the biomass, morphological traits, and nitrogen concentration of the first five orders roots. With the increase of root order (from the first to the fifth order), there was a significant increase in the fine-root biomass, diameter, and tissue density, and a significantly decrease in the specific root length (SRL), root length density (RLD), and root number (RN). Thinning increased the biomass, RLD, and RN of the first and second orders roots as well as the tissue density of the first, third, fourth, and fifth orders roots significantly, but had no effects on the SRL and nitrogen concentration of each order root. In contrast, thinning decreased the diameter of the first, third, and fourth orders roots significantly. The diameter of the second order roots was obviously smaller in surface (0-10 cm) soil than in subsurface (10-20 cm) soil, while the RLD of the first three orders roots and the RN and nitrogen concentration of the first two orders roots were larger in surface soil than in subsurface soil. The interaction of thinning and soil layer only decreased the diameter of the first two orders roots. It was suggested that the fine-root biomass and morphological traits of Chinese fir were closely related to the vegetation growth and regeneration after thinning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allelopathy is a plant-plant interaction mediated by the allelochemicals, which directly or indirectly influence plant growth. As the major part in response to allelochemicals, root morphological traits play an important role in allelopathy research. The global pattern of effects of exogenous allelochemicals on root morphology is not well known. We carried out a meta-analysis based on 61 studies to assess the effects of allelochemicals, including phenols, terpenoids, nitrogen-containing allelochemicals, on root morphology, especially on root length. We found that the allelochemicals significantly inhibited root length, but had little effect on root biomass, root surface area, and root volume. Phenols exhibited the most inhibitory effects on root length, while the allelochemicals had more inhibitory effect on root length of herbs than woody species as well as crops and other species. There was a linear relationship between phenols concentrations and their effect size. We quantified the dose-effect relationship of four phenolic acids, ferulic acid, p -hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and cinnamic acid. The inhibitory effect of flavonoids on root length was significantly higher than that of phenolic acids. Together, these findings suggested that the responses of target plant root traits to allelochemicals depended on allelochemicals type and dose, species identity, and culture conditions. Future studies need to decipher the mechanism underlying the allelochemicals on root traits of morphology, physiology and architecture under soil environment.

We measured the morphological and anatomical traits of fine roots with 1-5 order in needleleaf species of Pinus koraiensis, broadleaf species of Acer mono, and shrub of Corylus mandshurica, with the aim to understand trait variations among root orders and species. The results showed that there was no significant difference in root diameter and root length among the three species, but was significant inter-specific differences in other traits. The stele diameter (117.91-2392.05 μm) and stele to diameter ratio (0.31-1.87) of P. koraiensis were significantly greater than that of A. mono and C. mandshurica, whereas tissue density of A. mono was significantly higher than that of P. koraiensis and C. mandshurica. Root diameter, root length, tissue density, stele diameter and stele to diameter ratio all increased with root order, but specific root length decreased for the three species. For all the species, there was a significant correlation between morphological and anatomical traits, such as root diameter and stele diameter, but the regression slope was significantly different between the absorption root (1-3 order) and the transport root (4-5 order). Root diameter was significantly positively correlated with stele diameter and cortical thickness of the three species, with the regression slope being significantly different among species.

This study focused on four vegetation restoration stages of grasslands, shrublands, secondary forests and primary forests in the typical karst peak-cluster depression. The soil core method was used to collect fine roots with 2 mm or less in diameter in three layers (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm). The biomass, morphological characteristics of fine roots and their relationship with soil properties were analyzed. The results showed that fine root biomass ranged between 194.63 and 255.19 g·cm -2 in different vegetation restoration stages. Most of fine roots distributed in the surface soil of 0-10 cm, which accounted for more than 60% of the total biomass in the soil layer of 0-30 cm. No significant difference was found among different stages in fine root biomass. There was significant difference among different stages in the specific root length and specific surface area of fine roots. Both parameters were gradually decreased with vegetation forward restoration from grassland to primary forest. More than 66% root length and 64% root area were distributed in the surface soil of 0-10 cm. The length and area of most of the fine root were in the diameter class of 0-0.5 mm and 0.5-1mm, respectively. These two levels of the root length and root area accounted for more than 87% and 72% of the total amount, respectively. Results from the redundancy analysis showed that there were different correlations between karst peak-cluster depression vegetation community characteristics and soil properties, with soil organic carbon, available potassium, and total nitrogen having a great influence on the characteristics of fine roots. It is an effective strategy for plants to better adapt to the habitats.