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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: With the deepening of the aging of the world population, the prevalence rate of osteoarthritis is increasing. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the study of osteoarthritis. Studies have shown that autophagy and apoptosis are strongly associated with the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis, and play an important role in it. OBJECTIVE: To review the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between autophagy and apoptosis in osteoarthritis, aiming to explore the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in osteoarthritis and the coupling mechanism of the two to mediate the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis, so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of osteoarthritis. METHODS: The Chinese and English key words “osteoarthritis, autophagy, apoptosis” were searched in the CNKI and PubMed. After screening by reading the title, abstract and key words, the relevant literature was carefully read. After excluding studies unrelated to the content of the paper and repetitive studies, 68 articles were finally included for the summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The occurrence and development of osteoarthritis are related to autophagy and apoptosis of chondrocytes. Autophagy protects chondrocytes from stress damage, but excessive autophagy also induces or promotes chondrocyte apoptosis and reduces the survival rate of chondrocytes. The two perturb each other to regulate the degeneration of articular cartilage. (2) miRNA, Beclin-1 and oxidative stress are all involved in the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis on osteoarthritis, and affect the development of osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the initial stage of crystallization, nucleation directly affects the structure, chirality, purity, crystal forms and particle size distribution of crystal products. However, due to the random nature of nucleation, experimental methods are not only time-consuming and laborious, but also difficult to understand the molecular interactions. In this paper, ethyl paraben (EP), propyl paraben (PP) and butyl paraben (BP) with similar structure were selected as model substances, and the binding energies of single solute and single solvent molecules of EP, PP and BP in four different organic solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile) were calculated. The interaction of EP, PP and BP with each solvent decreases in the following order: ethanol > ethyl acetate > acetone > acetonitrile. Therefore, it can be predicted that EP, PP and BP nucleate slowest in ethanol, slower in ethyl acetate and acetone, and fastest in acetonitrile. When the solvent is the same, EP is the most difficult to nucleate, followed by PP, and BP is easy to nucleate. The predicted results are consistent with the experimental results. This study proves that the solute-solvent (1:1) model can predict the difficulty of nucleation, which is conducive to solvent screening and improve experimental efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrolyte molecular interaction volume model (eMIVM) and its energy term of eMIVM-ET (energy term of eMIVM) were used to fit the activity coefficients of 20 single electrolyte solutions containing Cu2+,and the activity coefficients of all components of 5 two electrolyte solutions containing Cu2+ were predicted. The results showed that the fitting effects of the two models on the activity coefficient of single electrolyte solution containing Cu2+ were optimal. The average deviation and average relative error of the eMIVM model were 0.059 8 and 6.4 %, respectively, and those of the eMIVM-ET model were 0.016 3 and 3.0 %,respectively. When predicting the activity coefficients of all components of two electrolyte solutions containing Cu2+, the prediction effect of eMIVM-ET is better than that of eMIVM. The average deviation and average relative error of eMIVM-ET model are 0.084 4 and 18.2 %,respectively. In the thermodynamic calculation of electrolyte solution containing Cu2+, eMIVM-ET is more suitable as an alternative prediction model than eMIVM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fungitoxicity is the inherent biological characteristic of fungicide which reflects the activity, safety and effectiveness of the compound. It is a prerequisite for fungicide registration being approved by pesticide registration department and has important value for fungicide creation and rational evaluation. Here, the definition of terms related to fungicide toxicity was clarified and emphasized a series of factors that play important roles in the evaluation of fungicide toxicity, including modes of action of fungicides that have not yet been discovered and the effectiveness of disease epidemic control that which affected by the interaction of pathogen, host and environmental factors. Meanwhile, toxicological mechanisms that interfere with the function of target proteins and structural specificity and precision in the molecular interaction of compound and protein which was important to fungicide toxicological mechanism, were analyzed in depth. The methods of fungitoxicity determination and analysis were also reviewed. The fungitoxicity is an important indicator to measure the quality of fungicide for crop protection. A correct understanding of the concepts of fungitoxicity and its bioassay will be helpful to guide the scientific research of fungicide creation, formulation, application, mode of action and resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The roles of miR-26b, PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) in the process of adipocyte differentiation have been confirmed, but whether there is an interaction and their molecular mechanisms have not been reported yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanism by which miR-26b regulates FABP4-mediated adipocyte differentiation through the PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway. METHODS: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were set as control group, 3T3-L1 cells maturely differentiated as differentiation group, 3T3-L1 cells transfected with miR- 26b inhibitor as transfection group, and 3T3-L1 cells that were transfected with miR-26b inhibitor and then induced to differentiate were used as transfected differentiation group. Oil red O staining observed lipid droplets in mature adipocytes in the differentiation group and transfected differentiation group. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of miR-26b and FABP4, PTEN, PI3K and AKT in the cells. Western blot assay was used to identify the protein expression of FABP4, PTEN, PI3K and AKT in the cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The expression of miR-26b was significantly increased after 3T3-L1 cell differentiation (P < 0.05), suggesting that it may be involved in the regulation of cell differentiation. Inhibiting the level of miR-26b in the cells could inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes and reduce the accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets. (2) The mRNA and protein expression of PI3K, AKT, and FABP4 in the 3T3-L1 cells increased significantly after differentiation (P < 0.01). Although PTEN mRNA expression increased (P < 0.05), the protein level did not change obviously (P > 0.05), suggesting that during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, the PI3K-AKT pathway in the cells is activated and the level of FABP4 is increased. (3) Compared with normal differentiated cells, the mRNA and protein expressions of FABP4, PI3K, and AKT in differentiated cells in which the level of intracellular miR-26b was downregulated were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), while the mRNA and protein expressions of PTEN increased (P < 0.05), suggesting that inhibition of miR-26b significantly promoted mRNA and protein expression of PTEN, thereby inhibited PI3K-AKT pathway, reduced mRNA and protein expression of FABP4, and then inhibited 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ubiquitin pathway is able to regulate many critical cellular functions. In order to explore the existence of the ubiquitin pathway and a key enzyme gene in ubiquitin pathway,ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme named as ubc3 in B. xylophilus,a c DNA library of B. xylophilus was constructed and sequenced,ORF analysis,homology analysis,phylogenetic tree construction,protein interaction prediction,docking and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out. The full-length c DNA generated by the nematode spliced leader method was 957 bp. Analysis of the Bx-ubc-3 c DNA sequence indicated that its open reading frame( ORF) was 783 bp and 245 amino acids were encoded. Comparison of the identified amino acid sequence with the current databases revealed extensive homology of Bx-ubc-3 to all known ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. The modeling and prediction of protein interaction,docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed that the binding sites in Bx-ubc-3 were located in α helix,Loop 1( L1) ring and Loop 2( L2) ring. The thioester-forming Cys103,which was located in L2,constituted a catalytic cleft. The interfaces of Bx-ubc-3 to Bx-Rbx1 and Bx-ubc-3 to Bx-Ubiquitin were also supported by several obvious hydrogen bond interactions. Results show that there is a theoretic ubiquitin pathway in B. xylophilus,and support the notion that Bx-ubc-3 is a potential target for developing potent antinematodal drugs against B. xylophilus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past 20 years, zebrafish has gradually become an important model animal to study the function of human genes. Meanwhile, through the identification of zebrafish reference genome sequence and more than 10,000 protein-coding genes, it shows that zebrafish has at least 75% homology with human genes, which further proves that zebrafish genome sequence can be used as a research model of aging. In addition, its well-conserved molecular and cellular physiology of a wide range of characteristics make zebrafish an excellent model for revealing the underlying mechanisms of aging, disease, and repair. However, molecular mechanisms of zebrafish senescence rarely involve intermoleeular interactions, so the protein-protein interaction ( PPI) network is a highly desirable Option. This paper describes a model of the biological aging mechanism of zebrafish, which covers 767 interactions between 87 proteins related to aging. This not only includes accurately predicted PPI, but also those molecular interactions from literature collection and experiments. At the same time, these molecular interactions were modularized to form modularity, and 11 central genes were found to analyze and predict the aging process. The* paper aims to help researchers of zebrafish study the aging process and provide some hypotheses and help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clubroot is one of the most serious disease in oilseed rape. To explore the resistant molecular mechanism of the interaction between Plasmodiophora brassicae and Brassica napus during early infection, gene differential expression analysis of the clubroot - resistant rapeseed line ZHE - 226 ( R) and clubroot - susceptible line 10159 ( S) were performed by RNA - seq. A total of 809 and 1082 genes were commonly up - and down - regulated at 0, 12, 48, 72h post - inoculation (hpi) time points in R line. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), chiti-nase, R gene,WRKY transcription factor, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid(JA) were involved in the early response to clubroot infection in lines of R and S, but showed different expression patterns. Compared to S line, most of the PRRs genes were down - regulated, R genes were up - regulated and SA genes were down - regulated in earlier stage but up -regulated at 72hpi in R line. Chitinase,WRKY and JA related genes were both induced in R and S lines. These results showed that PTI -mediated by PRRs was significantly induced in S line, but played a small role in R line. ETI - mediated by R gene and resistance signal pathway - mediated by SA played great role in clubroot resistance. This research provided a better understanding of the resistance genes of B. napus in response to P. brassicae, and assistance for clubroot - resistant breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a typical necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus that distributes worldwide and causes severe diseases on a broad-range of plant species. Studies on S. sclerotiorum have been mainly focused on biology and pathology. The development of high-throughput technologies enabled multi-omics approaches for systems biology. This review summarizes current researches on S. sclerotiorum and proposes systemic strategies for understanding its biology and pathology, to provide novel insights and references for further investigation on molecular biology and pathogenesis of the pathogenic fungi and the pathosystems.