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[Objective] Promoting waste classification is an important means to solve the problem of rural household waste management. This study aimed to explain the effect of local consensus and group integration on rural residents’ household waste classification and disposal behavior, in order to clarify the important role of informal institutions in promoting the classification of rural household waste. [Methods] Based on the data of 1307 micro-samples in Inner Mongolia, this study used the Probit, IV-Probit, and mediation effect model to explore the impact of local consensus and group integration on the rural residents’ household waste classification and disposal behavior. [Results] The results of this research show that local consensus and group integration have a significant positive impact on household waste classification and disposal behavior; However, the direct impact of local consensus is not significant, and group integration has played an mediation role in the impact of local consensus on household waste classification and disposal behavior; Rural residents with dominant surnames are more likely to be influenced by local consensus and tend to carry out household waste classification and disposal. [Conclusion] Based on these results, this article suggested that the positive role of local consensus should be paid attention to, and efforts should be made to improve the identification and integration of rural residents with villages. Various measures should be taken according to the characteristics of different groups to encourage rural residents to actively carry out household waste classification and disposal.

Objective: This study aimed to solve the problem of cigarette flavoring technology that the surface taste of splicing paper weakens over time. Methods: A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of two kinds of sweeteners was established based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The change of the content of the sweetener on the surface of the tipping paper was analyzed, and the induced migration experiment was used to analyze the migration of sweeteners. The surface porosity, air permeability and surface water absorption of aluminized splice paper were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, air permeability tester and surface water absorption tester. Results: A method for rapid determination of two kinds of sweeteners simultaneously was established by UHPLC. The results of induced migration experiment showed that the sweeteners in the tipping paper migrated from the surface to the inside of the paper gradually. The results of scanning electron microscope, air permeability tester and surface water absorption tester showed that pores distributed on the surface of the aluminized tipping paper, and the high air permeability thereby led to the surface water absorption capacity. Therefore, the sweetener migrated in the aluminized tipping paper. After 42 days of induced migration, the migration rates of acesulfame and saccharin sodium in the paper were 48.47% and 49.65%, respectively. Conclusion: The pores and cracks spreading on the surface of the aluminized tipping paper made it have high permeability and strong water absorption, and the concentration differences between the two sides of the paper resulted in a conducive migration of the sweeteners.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of resveratrol on improving kidney injury in renal transplantation rats. Methods Forty rats were divided into sham group, model group (allogeneic kidney transplantation), high and low dose resveratrol groups [40 and 20 mg/(kg·d), intraperitoneal injection, for 7 consecutive days]. Twenty four hours after operation, the serum level of Cr, BUN, SOD and MDA was detected, the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA in renal tissues was tested by RT-qPCR, and the protein expression of IKKα, p-IκBα, and NF-κB p65 was detected by Western blot. Results Compared to the sham group, serum Cr, BUN and MDA level in the model group increased, SOD activity decreased, Bax mRNA expression in renal tissue increased, Bcl-2 mRNA expression decreased, and the expression of IKKα, p-IκBα, NF-κB p65 protein increased (P＜0.05); compared with the model group, resveratrol significantly reduced serum Cr, BUN and MDA content, while increased SOD activity, reduced Bax mRNA and IKKα, p-IκBα, NF-κB p65 protein expression, and increased Bcl-2 mRNA expression (P＜0.05). Conclusions Resveratrol has a protective effect on kidney injury in kidney transplantation rats, and the underlying mechanism is potentially related to the inhibition of activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective: To determine the clinical epidemiological characteristics of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （HIV/AIDS）in southwestern China from 2001 to 2017., Methods: Clinical data of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS from 2001 to 2017 in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University were reviewed and analyze., Results: A total of 1 520 228 patients were screened for HIV, including 285 983 outpatient and emergency patients and 1 234 245 inpatients. About 4 037 (0.27%) patients were confirmed with HIV/AIDS. The confirmation rate increased from 2001 to 2013, followed by a slight decline from 2014 to 2017. The male to female sex ratio of confirmed HIV/AIDS was 3.49:1 from 2001 to 2017, ranging from 1.65:1 to 5.08:1. The majority of patients were identified as Han (88.23%), had low education (58.66%), and married (54.75%). Peasants/herdsman comprised 26.33% of the patients. The proportion of young (15-29 years old), and middle-aged (≥50 years old) patients and those who were unmarried and had high education (senior high school and above) increased over time. Heterosexual transmission remained stable at about 60% while homosexual transmission increased by about 15% ( χ 2 =14.436, P ＜0.005) since 2008. Transmissions through drug abuse( χ 2 =71.633, P ＜0.005) and blood( χ 2 =16.672, P ＜0.005) decreased. Of the 899 female newly reported HIV/ADIS patients, 77.20% were infected through heterosexual relationship. In comparison, of the 3 138 male patients, 61.41% were infected through heterosexual and 18.10% through homosexual relationships. Homosexual transmissions decreased with age, but heterosexual transmissions increased with age. Mother-to-child transmissions were concentrated in those between 0 and 15 years old (100%)., Conclusion: Newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases increased over the years in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, in particular in those of young and middle-aged, highly educated and unmarried. Heterosexual transmissions remain the main route., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Objective: To investigate pave a way for studying pathogenicty of HBoV., Methods: Isolation and cell culture of HBoV by human bronchial epithelial cell line, which was founded in our laboratory. The morphology of the virus were primarily studied with a transmission electron microscope. In addition, transcript mRNA was detected in human bronchial epithelial cells, which was passaged and infected within HBoV, using the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The amplified products nucleotide sequence of HBoV were sequencing and sequence analysis., Results: Cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed after the aseptic residue of filtration of 2 case sputum specimens with HBoV, which was inoculated to the human bronchial epithelial cell line. The virus particles were observed in the cytoplasm, which were hexagonal or spherical in shape and 18-26 nm in diameter,bulk was 20 nm. cDNA amplicon obtained 295 bp fragment results of electrophoresis bands as same as NS1 region of the conserved matrix gene of publish sequence of HboV. PCR products nucleotide sequence of HboV were compared with corresponding HboV GeneBank sequences. The comparison/alignment and construction of phylogenetic trees also point to an affiliation of the parvovirus to the species HBoV., Conclusion: Isolation and identification of HBoV could be done in the human bronchial epithelial cell, and we found some characterizing CPE in the human bronchial epithelial cell after HBoV infection. The above studies pave a way for studying pathogenicty of human bocavirus.

Previously, an mAb 10F7 was developed against H5N1 hemagglutinin, which was highly specific to 34 different H5N1 strains and showed good neutralizing activity. In the present study, the single-chain fragment of the antibody was cloned into a prokaryotic vector and then expressed in E. coli. The activity of the scFv was tested in hemagglution inhibition and neutralization experiment. Two H5N1 virus strains were inhibited to bind erythrocyte cells by the scFv while the H9 virus was not. Also, five H5N1 virus strains were neutralized during infecting MDCK cells. These results showed an approachable method for developing therapeutic antibody to H5N1 virus.

Aim: To construct a human natural phage single-chain antibody (scFv) library with diversity., Methods: V(H) and V(L) genes were amplified by RT-PCR and hemi-PCR from peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy persons. The V genes were assembled to form scFv by overlap PCR and cloned into phagemid pCANTAB-5E, and then transformed into E. coli TG1 by electroporation to construct a human natural phage scFv library. The diversity and gene family of antibody gene were analysed by sequencing and the specific antibodies against various antigens were screened through bio-panning., Results: A human natural phage scFv library with diversity and 2x10(8) sink size was constructed successfully. The specific human scFvs against 5 antigens were obtained by bio-panning., Conclusion: A human natural phage scFv library with diversity is constructed successfully and can be applied to human antibody preparation.

Aim: To explore the conditions of solid-phase screening phage antibody library and to provide the experimental basis for the design of screening project., Methods: Diverse antibodies including HEV NE2-specific and non-specific humanized phage antibodies were used to study the screening conditions, such as the binding time of phage antibodies to antigen, the concentration of coating antigen, the washing times and elution method., Results: The best binding time of positive phage antibody to antigen was 1 min. The highest positive rate of screening was obtained under the conditions of washing for 20 to 30 times and pH value of the washing solution being 5. The concentration of the coating antigen had no obvious influence on the positive rate of screening. Higher positive rate was obtained by using 10 mg/L antigen to competitively elute for 1 h., Conclusion: Solid-phase screening of the phage antibody library is a very complex process, in which there are close relationship between the conditions, therefore, appropriate readjustment should be made for screening conditions according to concrete conditions.