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BACKGROUND: Micro-robots have the characteristics of small size, flexibility, and strong targeting, and can complete complex tasks in a single or clustered manner in a narrow environment. With the continuous optimization of materials, preparation processes, and driving approaches, they have shown increasingly important application value in the field of biomedicine. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application of field-driven micro-robots in medical field and to look forward to their application prospect. METHODS: Using "microrobots, nanorobots, drivers, biomedical, medical" as Chinese keywords and "microrobots, micro-robots, nanorobots, micromachine, microswimmer, medical" as English keywords, WanFang Data and PubMed databases were searched, respectively. The search time range was from January 2010 to January 2024, and a small number of long-term articles were included. Through reading the titles and preliminarily screening the abstracts, the repetitive studies, low-quality journals, and irrelevant literature were excluded. After reading the entire text, 66 papers were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Field-driven medical micro-robots mainly include magnetic, optical, thermal, ultrasonic, and multi-mixed factor-driven robots. Field-driven robots have been used in intestinal diagnosis, drug targeting therapy, and stem cell therapy. Medical micro-robots are currently only used in a small number of clinical applications, but most of which are still in the theoretical and experimental stages. Medical micro-robots will face many challenges in future, such as large-scale preparation, precise control of micro-robots, recycling or degradation in vivo, whether the materials used will cause adverse reactions to the human body, and the related minimally invasive medical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]