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The evolution of overburden movement is the basic reason for the occurrence of underground dynamic disasters. It is important to know the law of overburden movement under specific stratum conditions and the mechanism of its evolution and disasters for the prevention and control of dynamic disasters. Based on 3301 panel as engineering background, this paper studies the overall failure morphology and combined migration evolution law of bedrock, surface soil layer and subsidence basin under different thickness combinations of topsoil-bedrock, and reveals the migration evolution law of overburden structure under two typical topsoil-bedrock combinations, as well as the mechanism and mechanism of mining stress transfer. The quantitative expression of bearing pressure under the condition of thick topsoil and thin bedrock is deduced, and the macro criterion for disasters caused by high stress mutation is presented. The rationality of the model is verified by engineering. The main conclusions are as follows: ① After coal mining, the weak bedrock shows asymmetric “trapezoid-like” failure pattern, the huge thick and loose surface soil presents “inclined funnel” failure pattern, and the surface soil migration evolution has the characteristics of fast response, wide migration range and large subsidence factor; ② The movement and evolution rules of the surface-bedrock double-layer media under different thickness combinations are quite different. Under the condition of thick surface layer and thin bedrock (type I), the bedrock plastic fracture occurs from bottom to top, the fragmentation of rock mass is small, and it is difficult to form a stable structure; under the condition of thick topsoil thick bedrock (type II), the bedrock is gradually transformed from plastic fracture to block fracture, the breaking step is gradually increasing, the key layer effect is gradually highlighted, the bearing capacity of the structure formed after breaking is increased, which can prevent the movement and subsidence of the overlying topsoil layer, and the subsidence of the surface is reduced to a certain extent; ③ Under the condition of deep and thick topsoil and thin bedrock, a large range of topsoil layer in front of the panel moves to the mined-out area, and the load concentrates on the bedrock above the panel and the coal body ahead. Due to the characteristics of weak bedrock, small size of broken rock blocks and the inability to form large-scale suspended roof, the load is restricted to be transferred farther ahead of the coal wall, resulting in the characteristics of large peak stress, small influence range and large fluctuation; ④ An estimation model of support pressure considering large-scale movement of deep topsoil and plastic fracture of bedrock is established. The calculation method of support pressure is obtained. Taking 3301 panel body parameter as an example, the influence range of support pressure is estimated to be 72 m, the peak value is 44.2 MPa, and the peak stress is 23 m from the coal wall, which has certain impact risk. The ground subsidence characteristics and mining stress monitoring results verify the scientific results of theoretical analysis and similar simulation.

Seismic exploration is a key method for the study of underground structures. Active seismic surveys can acquire high signal-to-noise ratio reflection data; however, the operation of active seismic surveys is complicated, and the exploration cost is high. Passive seismic exploration is another type of seismic exploration, which requires no active human build source but utilizes the natural noise recorded by seismograph stations or geophones. As a low-cost and environmentally friendly method, passive seismic reflection exploration can be used to create higher resolution seismic profiles than the surface wave method and plays an increasingly important role in underground mineral exploration, dynamic monitoring of carbon storage, and urban underground structure detection. However, passive source reflection imaging technology faces several challenges. For example, because ambient noise is mainly controlled by surface wave energy, the reflected body wave signal can be weak and difficult to extract. Actual underground sources are limited in number and are unevenly distributed, which leads to artifacts in the virtual shot gathers reconstructed by seismic interference. There are also constraints of massive data computation and storage for long-term observation by a large number of geophones. With the rapid development of portable node geophones and high-performance computing, passive seismic reflection exploration has achieved considerable progress in both method research and practical applications in recent years. This paper briefly reviews the history of seismic interferometry and the construction of virtual shot gathers using various seismic interferometry methods and then introduces in detail how the reflection signals from ambient noise records dominated by surface waves are identified and extracted. We discuss the identification and extraction of weak body wave reflection signals based on various characteristics of surface and body waves, such as differences in signal-to-noise ratio, velocity, and azimuth angle. We then focus on the processing of passive source reflection data, including the beginning of raw data preprocessing, virtual shot gather static correction, coherent noise suppression, multiple suppression, velocity analysis, and direct migration imaging. We also introduce examples of passive seismic reflection applications, including CO2 storage site monitoring, metal mining, and coal mine underground structure research. Finally, we give an outlook for research prospects in passive seismic reflection exploration.

Drought is the most common and complex meteorological disaster in the world, which weakens the carbon sink function of terrestrial ecosystem. Exploring the response of vegetation to drought and choosing sensitive factors for drought detection will be helpful to obtain the impact of drought on vegetation and to understand the response process and the mechanism of vegetation to drought stress. Based on the Solar-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), a maximum correlation coefficient method was used to investigate the response of vegetation photosynthesis to meteorological drought in China during the growing season from 2000 to 2018. Sensitivity and response time scale of vegetation to drought was compared for different drought levels and different vegetation types. The results showed that: (1) about 75.05% of total areas of China had a significant positive correlation between SIF and SPEI. These areas were mainly distributed in the northeast, southwest and Qinghai Tibet Plateau of China. The response time scale of most regions to SPEI was mainly medium and short term. (2) The proportion of SIF to SPEI was the lowest in spring, the highest in summer, and slightly decreased in autumn. The response time scale to drought was mainly short-term in spring, while the region with long response time scale in summer was increased compared with in spring. (3) The semi-arid region was the most sensitive to drought, while the arid region was the weakest. The response time scale of different climatic regions to drought was mainly short-term. (4) The selected vegetation types responded to drought in a short time scale. Grassland was the most sensitive to drought, while woodland and cropland were relatively weak. Besides, broad-leaved forest was more sensitive to drought than coniferous forest. The results showed that under different drought gradients and different vegetation types, SIF could quickly reflect the impact of environmental stress on vegetation photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using He'nan roast flavor style flue-cured tobacco leaf as research object, potassium content from different parts of tobacco leaf after cutting into 10 sections was studied. The results showed that the potassium content of 30 samples ranged from 1.14% to 2.39%, which held an average value of 1.52%. In terms of the same tobacco leaf, the potassium content of each section held significant differences, which showed an increasing trend from the tips of the leaf to the bases. The contents of potassium between different parts differed from each other obviously and showed a trend like lower > middle > upper. The distribution of potassium content in same section of different parts tended to be: tip sections < middle sections < base sections. By the method of cluster analysis and group-average cluster analysis, roast flavor style flue-cured tobacco leaves were cut into three sections consecutively, which based on the differences of potassium content in different parts of tobacco leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real-time and accurate automatic detection technology of road surface damage has important significance for highway management and maintenance. This paper combines the FPGA-based pavement damage detection system to research the positioning accuracy. Due to the influence of factors such as the installation perspective of the system equipment and the speed of the carrier, the accuracy of the road surface positioning may be reduced. This paper proposes a pavement damage location algorithm based on machine vision distance compensation. The experimental results show that when the vehicle′s driving speed is below 72 km/h, the positioning error is reduced from 5 m to 2 m. It meets the requirements of the system design.

A real-time on-line road pavement breakage and position detection device is proposed in this essay. The device uses image processing identification technology to determine whether there is any damage in the acquired images of road surface. The Beidou navigation system is applied to locate the damaged object while the mobile communication system is used to realize the real-time transmission of damaged images and the information of location. The entire device can be achieved through using FPGA. In the identification of pavement damage，Sobel algorithm is improved，which could further increase the accuracy of detection and enhance the ability of anti-interference.Illustrated by the example of crack identification, the cracks are divided into four categories: lateral, longitudinal, block and crack. The accuracy of this device can reach 88.75% under the speed of 70 km/h. In addition, the background of the entire system administration displays the information of broken images, broken types, location，map annotations and so on.

A physical modelling test was carried out based on soft and broken surrounding rock tunnel.The formation and development process of temperature and displacement field were observed by two means of non-contact monitoring methods:The infrared thermal imager and the high-precision displacement monitoring system, the failure mechanism of the model was analyzed.Through the thermal imager, the excavation damage zone(EDZ) turned up in a low-temperature state along with the penetration of the full face excavation.By observing the temperature-time curves of the monitoring points in and out of EDZ, the temperature variation regularity in different area of the model emerged along the test process.The formation mechanism of the cracks which leaded to the destruction of the model was confirmed by the displacement nephogram and vector diagrams provided by the non-contact displacement monitoring.The formation and extension of the cracks connected EDZ and the roof collaps.The failure mechanism was analyzed reasonably by the combination of these two monitoring methods.

Inflammation can occur at any time in many diseases, and affect the activity of metabolism enzymes and transporters, so change the blood concentration and therapeutic effect of therapeutic drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to study the metabolic changes during the acute-phase response (APR) of inflammation. In this study, urine metabolomics was performed to investigate the possible differential metabolic pathways in New Zealand white rabbit APR inflammation model. An APR rabbit model with normal hepatic and renal function was induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in low-dose escalation, at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2 μg/kg from 1 to 7 days. The urine samples were collected at prior of dosing, 2-day and 7-day after the first dose of LPS, and detected using ultra-high liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). The samples were separated by a Kinetex F5 column (150 mm×2.1 mm×2.6 μm) with the mobile phase of water containing 0.05% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.05% formic acid. ZenoTOFTM 7600 HRMS was operated under positive and negative ion modes to collect data, and the high-resolution mass spectral data was acquired by utilizing information dependent acquisition (IDA) and dynamic background subtraction (DBS). Non-targeted metabolomics analysis was completed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to search for differential metabolites. Then the differential metabolic pathway analysis was carried out using the metaboAnalyst 5.0 website and KEGG database. The analysis results indicated that the method has high stability and reproducibility with quality control samples clustered together in PCA. The quality control and APR model groups can be separated well by OPLS-DA, which showed that the metabolism in rabbits is significantly disturbed during APR period. Clustering heatmap analysis was performed on the screened differential metabolites which were judged by variable importance projection (VIP>1), significance (p2). The results showed differential metabolites in urine at 2-day and 7-day after LPS administration are significantly different from those before administration, 41 and 161 differential metabolites are identified in the two groups of samples, respectively. Furtherly, the differential metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the differential metabolites are significantly correlated with the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway (p

The Screening Tool of Older Person's Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) and the Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment (START) were initially developed by a panel of experts from Cork University Hospital, Ireland in 2008, and underwent a second update in 2015. Since their inception, these criteria have played a pivotal role in identifying potentially inappropriate medication use in the elderly, enhancing oversight of medication misuse in older individuals, and reducing adverse drug events among the elderly. In 2023, the third edition of the STOPP/START criteria was released, providing updated and more practical evidence-based guidance. Building upon the second edition, this iteration includes the addition, revision, and removal of certain criteria, resulting in a total of 190 new standards for potentially inappropriate medication use. This latest version incorporates the most recent research findings and clinical evidence related to appropriate medication use in older adults. We provide a detailed analysis of the STOPP/START criteria (version 3), offering valuable insights for the updating and refinement of potentially inappropriate medication criteria in our country. Furthermore, it presents recommendations for future research in this field.

歐美國家近幾年皆已建立不同程度的品質保證體系，而國內工程及科技教育認證實施9年，偏向檢視整體教育的品質，缺乏對評估機制的深度檢視。本研究旨在探究工程及科技教育認證對學生核心能力的影響，並瞭解目前國內各工程系所評估學生核心能力的方式。以問卷調查和深度訪談蒐集院長、系主任與教師意見，有效回收問卷共471 份，受訪對象計20位，並以一般歸納法（a general inductive approach）分析質性資料。研究發現：工程系所教師對於學生核心能力的評估仍是陌生的，且大多數系所尚未發展適當的評估工具。本研究以其中1所學校為例，該校將評分規準（rubrics）與數位平臺運用於教學與評量中，一則減輕教師的負擔；二則充分落實學生學習成效品質保證機制，可作為國內成果導向認證提供最佳實務（best practice）。最後針對目前工程系所落實持續改善之困境與未來研究提出建議。 The purpose of this study is to illustrate the impact of engineering education accreditation on evaluations of students’ core competences in Taiwan. The data were collected using a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews. 471 valid questionnaires were analyzed and twenty engineering faculties, program chairpersons, and deans were interviewed afterwards. The results indicated that engineering faculties are unfamiliar with methods of core-competence evaluation. Therefore, the outcomes-based teaching and assessment approach of one university was used to demonstrate how rubrics can be implemented to maintain continuous improvement in curriculum planning and to minimize the workloads of teachers while they prepared for the self-study report during the accreditation process. This study is the pioneer to explore a best practice for the outcome-based accreditation approach in Taiwan. Finally, the implications and future directions of this study are discussed.

Objectives: To study the clinical features and prognosis of children and their family members with family clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection under the admission mode of parent-child ward., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 190 children and 190 family members with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection who were admitted to Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, the designated hospital for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), April 8 to May 10, 2022., Results: Both the child and adult groups were mainly mild COVID-19, and the proportion of mild cases in the child group was higher than that in the adult group ( P <0.05). Respiratory symptoms were the main clinical manifestations in both groups. Compared with the adult group, the child group had higher incidence rates of fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and wheezing ( P <0.05) and lower incidence rates of nasal obstruction, runny nose, cough, dry throat, throat itching, and throat pain ( P <0.05). Compared with the child group, the adult group had higher rates of use of Chinese patent drugs, traditional Chinese medicine decoction, recombinant interferon spray, cough-relieving and phlegm-eliminating drugs, and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir tablets ( P <0.05). Compared with the adult group, the child group had a lower vaccination rate of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (30.5% vs 71.1%, P <0.001) and a shorter duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid ( P <0.05). The patients with mild COVID-19 had a shorter duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid than those with common COVID-19 in both groups ( P <0.05). The patients with underlying diseases had a longer duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid than those without such diseases in both groups ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: Both children and adults with family clusters of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection manifest mainly mild COVID-19. Despite lower vaccination rate of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in children, they have rapid disease recovery, with a shorter duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid than adults, under the admission mode of parent-child ward.

Purpose: To compare the applicability and validity of dental age (DA) estimated by Willems method and cervical vertebral bone age (CVBA) evaluated by regression formula in estimating the chronological age of children in Shanghai., Methods: Panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms were retrospectively collected from 320 subjects (160 males, 160 females), totaling 640 images. Discrepancies between chronological and estimated ages were statistically calculated by paired samples t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test using SPSS 25.0 software package. The accuracy of the two methods was comprehensively evaluated by comparing their standard deviation, mean absolute error (MAE) and the correct rate of acceptable range of estimated age error., Results: The mean DA underestimated CA by 0.75±1.03 years for males and by 1.05±1.18 years for females; whereas the mean CVBA underestimated CA by 0.78±1.40 years for males and 0.53±1.31 years for females. MAE of Willems method was 1.15 years and the MAE of regression formula of CVBA was 1.20 years. The correct rate of clinically acceptable error of 0.5 years was 26.25% for Willems method and 27.19% for regression formula of CVBA., Conclusions: Willems method is more accurate than regression formula in indicating cervical vertebral skeletal age of adolescents in Shanghai children. Because of significant differences between CA and estimated ages, further modifications are urged to improve the accuracy of these two methods.

Objective: To review the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on allergic rhinitis based on the network Meta-analysis., Methods: The randomized controlled trials of acupuncture and moxibustion for allergic rhinitis were retrieved from the databases, starting from the date of establishment to August 17, 2020, i.e. the PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP. The traditional Meta-analysis and network Meta-analysis were performed by RevMan5.3 and GeMTC0.14.3., Results: A total of 50 RCTs were included, including 4260 patients, involving 5 kinds of acupuncture and moxibustion therapies, such as acupuncture, moxibustion, acupoint application, acupoint thread-embedding and auricular point therapy.①In term of total effective rate, acupuncture, moxibustion and acupoint thread-embedding were superior to western medication and auricular point therapy ( P <0.05); moxibustion was superior to acupoint application ( P <0.05); acupoint thread-embedding was superior to acupoint application ( P <0.05). Acupoint thread-embedding was most likely to be the best treatment ( P <0.05). ②In term of total effective rate in follow-up, acupuncture, moxibustion, acupoint thread-embedding and auricular point therapy were superior to western medication ( P <0.05); acupuncture and moxibustion were superior to acupoint application ( P <0.05). Moxibustion was most likely to be the best treatment ( P <0.05). ③In term of total score of nasal symptom, moxibustion and acupoint thread-embedding were superior to acupuncture ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on allergic rhinitis is better than western medication, and acupoint thread-embedding has the best curative effect.

Objective: To discuss a best predictive score index in predicting death in patients with severe trauma, death warning score, and to provide a simple score for clinical use., Methods: The clinical data of 394 traumatic patients admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of Xi'nan Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, and Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College from January 2014 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into survival group (n = 330) and non-survival group (n = 64). The clinical data in two groups were recorded as following: gender, age; respiratory rate, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure at admission; the lowest values of serum creatinine (SCr), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), hematocrit (Hct), respectively, within 24 hours after admission; acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score, injury severity score (ISS) within 24 hours of final diagnosis; the performance of emergency operation or intubation within 24 hours; incidence of sepsis, and clinical outcomes. Each observed indicator was analyzed by univariate analysis, and factors leading to death were further analyzed by logistic regression. Risk factors of severe trauma patients were sorted, from which the meaningful indicators were included to calculate the warning score of death. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to evaluate the predictive value of the warning score of death in severe trauma patients., Results: Compared with the survival group, the age in non-survival group was older (years old: 51.50 ± 18.31 vs. 45.54 ± 14.70, t = -2.456, P = 0.016); SCr was increased (µmol/L: 94.18 ± 65.51 vs. 72.42 ± 28.22, t = -2.611, P = 0.011); APACHE II score (24.30 ± 6.23 vs. 16.38 ± 6.19, t = -9.353, P < 0.001) and SOFA score were higher (7.84 ± 3.68 vs. 4.43 ± 2.75, t = -7.049, P < 0.001); and the incidence of emergency intubation [79.7% (51/64) vs. 42.7% (141/330), χ² = 29.309, P < 0.001] and sepsis was also higher [48.4% (31/64) vs. 30.3% (100/330), χ² = 18.512, P < 0.001], but PLT count (X 10⁹/L: 112.75 ± 59.85 vs. 144.12 ± 68.28, t = 3.428, P = 0.001) and GCS score (6.44 ± 4.20 vs. 11.02 ± 3.93, t = 8.449, P < 0.001) were significantly lower. There was no significant difference in gender, respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, WBC, Hct, SIRS score, ISS, or emergency operation between two groups. The indicators with statistically significant difference from the univariate analysis were further analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, and the indices included in the regression model were age ≥ 65 years [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.176-1.974, P = 0.019], APACHE II score ≥ 21 (95% CI = 0.121-2.725, P = 0.032), GCS < 6 (95% CI = 0.201-3.221, P = 0.026), severe sepsis (95%CI = 0.421-2.735, P = 0.008) or septic shock (95%CI = 0.430-3.636, P = 0.013), with assigning scores of 1.0, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 2.0, respectively. Finally these five indicators were included into the warning score of death. It was shown by ROC curve analysis that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of warning score of death in predicting mortality in critically ill trauma patients was 0.867, which was significantly higher than that of the APACHE II score (AUC = 0.812, P = 0.022) and GCS score (AUC = 0.783, P = 0.001). When the cut-off value of warning score of death was 1.5, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predict value (+PV), negative predict value (-PV), positive likelihood ratio (+LR), negative likelihood ratio (-LR), and Youden index was 75.00%, 85.40%, 50.0%, 94.6%, 5.16, 0.29, and 0.605, respectively., Conclusions: Age ≥ 65 years, APACHE II score ≥ 21, GCS < 6, severe sepsis or septic shock were the risk factors of death in patients with severe trauma, and they can be considered as warning score of death in patients with severe trauma. With the score mortality can be better predicted than any other kind of score for patients with severe trauma.