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To realize the practical scale application of the spar-type floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) in the medium depth sea areas, a novel 6 MW spar-type floating offshore wind turbine is analyzed by model test and numerical simulation under extreme conditions. The response of main freedom degrees, the mooring tense and the stress at the danger point are explored by a 1∶65.3 scale model at the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering in Shanghai JiaoTong University. Coupled motion response of the spar-type floating wind turbine is calculated by using numerical simulation software in time domain. The results of the numerical simulation and model test are compared and analyzed in time and frequency domain. The maximum deviation between numerical simulation and model test is less than 12%, which shows that the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the model test results. The dynamic response energy of the FOWT is mainly concentrated at low frequency and wave frequency. Moreover, the whole FOWT system has an excellent survivability under extreme conditions. Finally, the ultimate load of the wind turbine is predicted, which provides the necessary theoretical basis and calculation parameters for the structural strength calculation.

Cavitation phenomenon and hump instability characteristics are the main factors affecting the safe and stable operation of the centrifugal pump unit. In this paper, based on the numerical calculation and model test results of two impeller schemes of a large centrifugal pump unit, the cavitation performance and hump instability characteristics were comparatively analyzed to explore the correlation between the two. At the same time, the hump generation mechanism and the role that cavitation performance played in it were analyzed. The numerical results show that due to cavitation, a hump instability phenomenon appears on the H-Q performance curve in the numerical results. In addition, the impeller with excellent cavitation performance has a uniform pressure distribution on the blade surface in the small flow area and a reasonable minimum pressure distribution, and its hump instability characteristics are significantly improved. The model test results show that under normal operating conditions of the pumping station, by increasing the ratio of plant cavitation coefficient σp to incipient cavitation coefficient σi, the hump margin increases when the impeller cavitation performance is improved. The results show that there is a positive correlation between cavitation performance and hump instability characteristics. The improvement of impeller cavitation performance in the small flow zone reduces the degree of cavitation, the flow in the impeller passage can be improved, hydraulic efficiency can be increased and hump instability characteristics can be improved. The study results provide design reference for the safe operation of large centrifugal pump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate clinical phenotype and gene mutation of dysferlinopathy. Methods The clinical manifestations, laboratory, imaging, neurophysiological examinations, myopathology and genetic test of 3 patients with dysferlinopathy in 2 Chinese families were studied retrospectively. Results Dysferlinopathy has various clinical manifestations and different clinical subtypes which may appear in the same family. Case 1 was diagnosed as Miyoshi myopathy (MM), while her father (Case 2) was asymptomatic high serum creatine kinase (CK). Muscle MRI showed different degrees of fatty replacement. EMG revealed myogenic damage. Histological morphology showed myodystrophy. Immunohistochemical staining showed negative dysferlin expression in membrane of muscle cells. DYSF gene test showed nonsense mutation in exon 4 c.331C > T (p.Gln111Ter; Case 1 and Case 2) and frameshift mutation in exon 54 c.6141delC (Case 1), and nonsense mutation in exon 23 c.2311C > T (p.Gln771Ter) and frameshift mutation in exon 27 c.2870-2874delAGACC (Case 3). Conclusions Dysferlinopathy has clinical heterogeneity, which is easily misdiagnosed or missed in diagnosis. Detailed history inquiry, negative dysferlin expression in muscle biopsy and DYSF mutation are helpful for clear and classification diagnosis. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.07.008

Chemistry is a central subject, which is of great significance to the construction of innovative countries. Colleges and universities shoulder the important task of cultivating high-quality chemical professionals with both socialist core values and scientific and creative ability, but to a certain extent, there are the problems of "emphasizing intellectual education over moral education", "emphasizing scientific research over teaching" and "emphasizing knowledge over ability". Professor Yu-Zhong Wang, the author of this paper, has long advocated innovative education and deep cultivation teaching reform for undergraduate students. Under his guidance, a new model called "chemistry + " multi-dimensional collaborative education has been built. Simultaneously, a newly complete teaching system has also been constructed, in which socialist core values and scientific and creative abilities run through the whole process of talent training. Through academicians leading the construction, practice and promotion of the "chemistry +" education model, a new way to cultivate high-level chemical talents has been explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the skeletal muscle dystrophin expression and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology in adult and young mdx mice. Methods Select eight 8-week-old specific pathogen free (SPF) C57BL/6 mice, four 8-week-old adult mdx mice and four 2-week-old young mdx mice. Observe the histological features of myoctyes by HE staining, and detect the expression changes of gastrocnemius muscle dystrophin and morphology of NMJ by immunofluorescent staining. Results The gastrocnemius muscle cells of C57BL/6 mice were almost uniform in size and polygonal. The nuclei were located in the peripheral of cells, while only a few were located in the center of myofiber. The sarcolemma expressed dystrophin uniformly and NMJ were intact. The gastrocnemius muscle cells of mdx mice were not consistent in size and had round shape. Part of nuclei were centralized. Only a few muscle cells expressed dystrophin. The acetylcholine receptor (AChR) on postsynaptic membrane of adult mdx mice were broken into small fragments, and the nerve terminal of presynaptic membrane had a great increase in the number of attenuated neurites. The morphology of NMJ in young mdx mice was similar to C57BL/6 mice. In both adult and young mdx mice, the number of NMJ had a great reduction, the cross-sectional area of presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane decreased obviously, and intercellular neural axons were thinned evidently. Conclusions The absence of dystrophin in mdx mice is not the direct factor causing NMJ abnormities. The degeneration of muscle in the development of DMD may lead to the changes. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.05.007

The research progress of designing and optimization of milling tool is summarized. The design process of cutting tools has greatly improved and optimized according to the existing problems in the field of cutting and manufacturing. The research progresses of the improvement and optimization of the milling tool in five aspects, such as: Machining quality, tool wear, machining vibration, chip removal performance and machining efficiency are mainly described and summarized. Finally, it analyzes the existing technical problems, and puts forward the corresponding prospects for the later research of NC milling tool technology.

Objective To investigate clinical phenotype and gene mutation of dysferlinopathy. Methods The clinical manifestations, laboratory, imaging, neurophysiological examinations, myopathology and genetic test of 3 patients with dysferlinopathy in 2 Chinese families were studied retrospectively. Results Dysferlinopathy has various clinical manifestations and different clinical subtypes which may appear in the same family. Case 1 was diagnosed as Miyoshi myopathy (MM), while her father (Case 2) was asymptomatic high serum creatine kinase (CK). Muscle MRI showed different degrees of fatty replacement. EMG revealed myogenic damage. Histological morphology showed myodystrophy. Immunohistochemical staining showed negative dysferlin expression in membrane of muscle cells. DYSF gene test showed nonsense mutation in exon 4 c.331C > T (p.Gln111Ter; Case 1 and Case 2) and frameshift mutation in exon 54 c.6141delC (Case 1), and nonsense mutation in exon 23 c.2311C > T (p.Gln771Ter) and frameshift mutation in exon 27 c.2870-2874delAGACC (Case 3). Conclusions Dysferlinopathy has clinical heterogeneity, which is easily misdiagnosed or missed in diagnosis. Detailed history inquiry, negative dysferlin expression in muscle biopsy and DYSF mutation are helpful for clear and classification diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Needle muscle biopsy is a straightforward and reliable minimally - invasive technique. During the past century, the needle biopsy can provide adequate samples and the technique has gradually gained wider acceptance. Compared with open biopsy, needle biopsy is less traumatic, with low rate of complications, and is suitable for the identifications and evaluations of muscular dystrophy, inflammatory myopathies and systemic diseases involving muscles, specially for infants and young children. Domestic insiders should be encouraged to apply this technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the skeletal muscle dystrophin expression and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology in adult and young mdx mice. Methods Select eight 8 - week - old specific pathogen free (SPF) C57BL/6 mice, four 8-week-old adult mdx mice and four 2-week-old young mdx mice. Observe the histological features of myoctyes by HE staining, and detect the expression changes of gastrocnemius muscle dystrophin and morphology of NMJ by immunofluorescent staining. Results The gastrocnemius muscle cells of C57BL/6 mice were almost uniform in size and polygonal. The nuclei were located in the peripheral of cells, while only a few were located in the center of myofiber. The sarcolemma expressed dystrophin uniformly and NMJ were intact. The gastrocnemius muscle cells of mdx mice were not consistent in size and had round shape. Part of nuclei were centralized. Only a few muscle cells expressed dystrophin. The acetylcholine receptor (AChR) on postsynaptic membrane of adult mdx mice were broken into small fragments, and the nerve terminal of presynaptic membrane had a great increase in the number of attenuated neurites. The morphology of NMJ in young mdx mice was similar to C57BL/6 mice. In both adult and young mdx mice, the number of NMJ had a great reduction, the cross - sectional area of presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane decreased obviously, and intercellular neural axons were thinned evidently. Conclusions The absence of dystrophin in mdx mice is not the direct factor causing NMJ abnormities. The degeneration of muscle in the development of DMD may lead to the changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the convergence of the bat algorithm, based on the global convergence criteria of random optimal algorithm, the convergence of the bat algorithm is analyzed to prove that the bat algorithm does not fully meet the two global optimization algorithm convergence criteria. And through the simulation experiments, the result shows that the bat algorithm cannot ensure global convergence, so it belongs to the local search optimization algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined the SAGBA algorithm with the technology of solving the problem of multi-objective optimization, two kinds of improved multi-objective bat algorithm—the SAGBA algorithm based on dynamic weighted (DWASAGBA) and the SAGBA algorithm based on vector estimation(VESAGBA) are discussed. The simulation experiment results show that the solution set distribution is uniform, and can get a relatively accurate Pareto curve, so the SAGBA algorithm is effective in solving multi-objective optimization problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the real function optimization problem, a new algorithm based on HAS(harmony search algorithm) and BA( bat-algorithm) were put forward which was called HS-Bat algorithm. The new algorithm retained the harmony search algorithm, by using bat algorithm, the search method of outside the harmony memory is improved, new solution method of the harmony memory was adjusted accordingly so as to improve the searching efficiency of the original algorithm. By using the software of Matlab the stability and precise in optimum solutions were test. The results show that HS-Bat algorithm is better than HS and BA It is worthy of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As there is a conflict between the requirements of computational complexity and information-richness within the point-feature based SLAM algorithm in outdoor environment, a point-to-line feature-based SLAM map building algorithm is presented in this paper. The tree information is sampled as point feature which is matched as line feature using math methods and associated to the map using the probability scheme. It is a new method to express the outdoor environment. A robust H∞ filter has been used to simulate the feasibility of the algorithm with MATLAB,the result shows that the algorithm can reduce the complexity of the information expression,which establishes the foundation for vehicle experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel class of hysteresis models was proposed. A certain number of different deadband width backlash models are superposed, which represents a dynamics to mimic hysteresis in the actuator. With the model proposed, an radial basis function neural network (RBFN)-based adaptive control scheme for nonlinear systems with unknown hysteresis nonlinearity was developed. The control scheme adopts the design method of pseudo-control. Without the assumption of boundedness of disturbance term, it is tuned through adaptive algorithm. The stability is rigidly proved via Lyapunov theory and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is illustrated through simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety and liveness are tow basic types of system property and are very useful for the design and verification of system. This paper pointed out the disadvantage of lacking restricts to state sequence in their original definition. For this problem, it gave redefinition by the temporal logic of action which was more suitable to describe system action. The new formal definition added initial state and constraint conditions for transfer. On this basis, it analyzed the mutual exclusion which was the typical property of concurrent system by formal method. It also shows that how to judge whether a property meets the definition of safety or liveness. This technology provided the formal basic for the automatic reasoning and verification of system property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beam-to-column connection plays a key role in structure designs, especially for steel structures, as the seismic performance the connection directly affects the safety, reliability, utilization, and economic indicators of steel structures. During the Northbridge earthquake in the USA and Hyogoken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake in Japan, several steel structures collapsed because of unexpected brittle fractures around the beam-to-column connections. The economic loss encountered in the Kobe earthquake is estimated to be about 10 trillion JPY (approximately 580 billion RMB). Moreover, it caused approximately 6500 civilian fatalities and destroyed tens of thousands of houses in Kobe and the surrounding cities. The corner beam-to-column connection suffered from complicated seismic loadings during the earthquakes. Corner beam-to-column connections are the weak points in an aseismic design, and under biaxial lateral loadings, they induce large torsional deformations. In this study, five specimens were tested under pseudo-static loadings to investigate the influence of loading paths on the seismic behavior of corner or side beam-to-column connections. The main experimental parameters were the loading paths (uniaxial loading, biaxial symmetrical loading, and biaxial center symmetrical loading) and width-to-thickness ratio of the steel column (D/t=22 and 33). The main seismic characteristics of specimens were studied, such as the hysteretic behavior, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation. The results indicate that the loading paths affect the stiffness and bearing capacities of the specimens. The bearing capacities of the specimens under the biaxial center symmetrical loading are 20% lower than those under the uniaxial loading, while the bearing capacities of the specimens under the biaxial symmetrical loading are equal to those under the uniaxial loading. The width-to-thickness ratio of the square steel column is one of the key factors that affect the bearing capacities of the specimens. The bearing capacities gradually decrease with an increase in the width-to-thickness ratio. All the specimens exhibit a good energy dissipation capacity, and the hysteretic curves are stable and numerous. The equivalent viscous damping coefficients of all the specimens are around 0.2.

In-situ observation of the behavior of MnS inclusions in non-quenched and tempered steel with a sulfur mass fraction of 0.065% was performed during tensile tests by using a laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM) to investigate the effects of the morphology and distribution of MnS inclusions on the tensile property anisotropy of the steel. The result shows that there exist a large number of rod-like MnS inclusions in the forged steel, which have different orientations with the load during transverse and longitudinal tensile tests. The rod-like MnS inclusions separate much easier from the steel base during transverse tensile tests to form initial cracks, and then the cracks spread along the MnS inclusions. In this way, the cracks grow up and lead to the fracture of the steel. In contrast, the MnS inclusions have little effects on the longitudinal tensile properties because the length direction of MnS is parallel to the tensile force. MnS inclusion aggregation promotes the assembling and growth of single cracks, thus accelerating the fracture of the steel during tensile tests.

Needle muscle biopsy is a straightforward and reliable minimally-invasive technique. During the past century, the needle biopsy can provide adequate samples and the technique has gradually gained wider acceptance. Compared with open biopsy, needle biopsy is less traumatic, with low rate of complications, and is suitable for the identifications and evaluations of muscular dystrophy, inflammatory myopathies and systemic diseases involving muscles, specially for infants and young children. Domestic insiders should be encouraged to apply this technique. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.06.003

Medium carbon non-quenched and tempered steels with different S contents were smelted with a vacuum induction furnace. Several experiments were conducted to study the effect of S content on the morphology of sulfides and microstructure in the steels. The results show that with the increase of S content from 0.025 wt% to 0.065 wt%, the number of sulfide inclusions increases, and the aggregation of sulfide inclusions is promoted, while the microstructure becomes finer due to the increasing area ratio of intragranular ferrite. Thermodynamic calculations and phase diagram information were employed to explain the transition of MnS from type Ⅱ to type m. The angular type Ⅲ MnS is resulted from divorced eutectic reaction before the solidification completes, and the rod-like type Ⅱ MnS is derived from normal eutectic reaction at the end of the solidification process. Both MnS and MnS-V (C, N) complex inclusions are found to act as effective nucleation sites to improve the formation of intragranular idiomorphic ferrite.

This study systematically collected, analyzed, and evaluated randomized controlled trial(RCT) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer(DFU). The aim as provide references for future studies and to enhance the application of clinical evidence. The RCT of DFU treated with Chinese Patent Medicine was obtained and analyzed using the AI-Clinical Evidence Database of Chinese Patent Medicine(AICED-CPM). The analysis was supplemented with data from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. A total of 275 RCTs meeting the requirements were retrieved, with only 7 of them having a sample size of 200 or more. These trials involved 66 different Chinese patent medicine including 25 oral medications, 24 Chinese herbal injections, and 17 external drugs. Among the 33 different intervention/control designs identified, the most common design was Chinese patent medicine + conventional treatment vs conventional treatment(86 cases, 31.27%). Out of the 275 articles included in the literature, 50 did not provide information on the specific course of treatment(18.18%). A total of 10 counting indicators(with a frequency of 426) and 36 measuring indicators(with a frequency of 962) were utilized. The methodological quality of the RCT for the treatment of DFU with Chinese patent medicine was found to be low, with deficiencies in blind methods, other bias factors, study registration, and sample size estimation. There were noticeable shortcomings in the reporting of allocation hiding and implementation bias(blind method application). More studies should prioritize trial registration, program design, and strict quality control during implementation to provide valuable data for clinical practice and serve as a reference for future investigations.

The aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly have brought a significant economic burden to families and society. The non-invasive wearable sensing system can continuously and real-time monitor important physiological signs of the human body and evaluate health status. In addition, it can provide efficient and convenient information feedback, thereby reducing the health risks caused by chronic diseases in the elderly. A wearable system for detecting physiological and behavioral signals was developed in this study. We explored the design of flexible wearable sensing technology and its application in sensing systems. The wearable system included smart hats, smart clothes, smart gloves, and smart insoles, achieving long-term continuous monitoring of physiological and motion signals. The performance of the system was verified, and the new sensing system was compared with commercial equipment. The evaluation results demonstrated that the proposed system presented a comparable performance with the existing system. In summary, the proposed flexible sensor system provides an accurate, detachable, expandable, user-friendly and comfortable solution for physiological and motion signal monitoring. It is expected to be used in remote healthcare monitoring and provide personalized information monitoring, disease prediction, and diagnosis for doctors/patients.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of insomnia by frequency network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials of Chinese patent medicines for insomnia were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase and Cochrane Library databases from the time of database establishment to October 2020. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated according to the Cochrane bias risk standard, and the data was analyzed by RevMan 5.3 and Stata/MP 15.1. A total of 11 kinds of Chinese patent medicines in 27 RCTs were included. According to Meta-analysis, in term of the effective rate, Tianmeng Liquid, Zaoren Anshen Capsules, Shumian Capsules, Shensong Yangxin Capsules, Shenqi Wuweizi Tablets, Shugan Jieyu Capsules, Anshen Bunao Liquid and Qiye Anshen Tablets combined with nonbenzodiazepine drugs(NBZDs) were superior to NBZDs alone. In term of the improvement of Pittsburg sleeping quality index(PSQI) score, Tianmeng Liquid, Shumian Capsules, Shensong Yangxin Capsules, Bailemian Capsules, Shenqi Wuweizi Tablets, Shugan Jieyu Capsules, Yangxue Qingnao Granules and Yindan Xinnaotong Capsules combined with NBZDs were superior to NBZDs alone. In terms of the safety, Shumian Capsules, Shensong Yangxin Capsules, Shenqi Wuweizi Tablets and Qiye Anshen Tablets combined with NBZDs were superior to NBZDs alone. In terms of the avoidance of dizziness and headache, Qiye Anshen Tablets combined with NBZDs were superior to NBZDs alone. The results of Network Meta-analysis indicated that in term of the effective rate, top three optimal medication regimens were NBZDs combined with Shugan Jieyu Capsules, combined with Zaoren Anshen Capsules and combined with Shensong Yangxin Capsules in the order from high to low. With the respect of improvement of PSQI score, top three optimal medication regimens were NBZDs combined with Yangxue Qingnao Granules, combined with Tianmeng Liquid and combined with Yindan Xinnaotong Capsules in the order from high to low. In terms of the safety, top three optimal medication regimens were NBZDs combined with Qiye Anshen Tablets, combined with Shensong Yangxin Capsules and combined with Shenqi Wuweizi Tablets in the order from high to low. In terms of the avoidance of dizziness and headache, top three optimal medication regimens were NBZDs combined with Qiye Anshen Tablets, combined with Zaoren Anshen Capsules and combined with Shumian Capsules in the order from high to low. In terms of the avoidance of fatigue, top three optimal medication regimens were NBZDs combined with Shensong Yangxin Capsules, combined with Shumian Capsules and combined with Qiye Anshen Tablets in the order from high to low. In conclusion, Chinese patent medicines combined with NBZDs can effectively alleviate the symptoms of insomnia with a high safety. However, the conclusion of this study needs to be verified by more high-quality studies because of the low methodological quality of the included studies.

Objective: To study the role and mechanism of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in mouse neuronal development., Methods: The mice with Synapsin1-Cre recombinase were bred with HDAC1&2 flox/flox mice to obtain the mice with neuron-specific HDAC1&2 conditional knockout (knockout group), and their littermates without HDAC1&2 knockout were used as the control group. The general status of the mice was observed and survival curves were plotted. Brain tissue samples were collected from the knockout group and the control group. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the protein expression of related neuronal and axonal markers, neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), non-phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (np-NF200), and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (p-NF200), as well as the downstream effector of the mTOR signaling pathway, phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6)., Results: The mice with HDAC1&2 conditional knockout usually died within one month after birth and were significantly smaller than those in the control group, with motor function abnormalities such as tremor and clasping of hindlimbs. Compared with the control group, the knockout group had significant reductions in the protein expression levels of NeuN, np-NF200, p-NF200, and p-S6 ( P < 0.05; n =3)., Conclusions: Deletion of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in mouse neurons results in reduced neuronal maturation and axonal dysplasia, which may be associated with the mTOR signaling pathway.

To explore the mechanism of Sijunzi Decoction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC) based on network pharmacology. The active components and corresponding targets of Sijunzi Decoction were extracted with Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP), and the targets were standardized with the help of Uniprot database. The related targets of UC were obtained through GeneCards database and Disgenet database, and the intersection targets of drugs and diseases were screened by R language. The visual regulation network of &quot;active ingredient-disease target&quot; of Sijunzi Decoction was constructed by Cytoscape software, and the protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database. The functional enrichment analysis of gene ontology(GO) and the enrichment analysis of Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway were carried out on Bioconductor platform, and some of the targets were verified by animal experiments. Through database analysis, a total of 135 active components of Sijunzi Decoction, 114 predicted targets and 80 common targets with UC were obtained. The core target proteins included interleukin 6(IL-6), caspase-3(CASP3), vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA), epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and so on. GO functional enrichment analysis involved 102 items, which mainly affected transcription factor activity, enzyme activity, receptor activity and biochemical process regulation. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that 120 items were involved in human cytomegalovirus infection, cancer, apoptosis, inflammation and other pathways. Mouse experiments showed that Sijunzi Decoction could down-regulate the expression of target proteins IL-6 and caspase-3 and inhibit intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. The treatment of UC with Sijunzi Decoction is the result of the interaction among multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. It is proved by experiments that Sijunzi Decoction may play an effective role by regulating the expression of IL-6 and caspase-3, and getting involved in apoptosis, inflammation and other pathways.

Objective: To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA of lactate dehydrogenase A (si LDHA ) on migration and invasion of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2) over expressing breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-453 and its molecular mechanism., Methods: SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-453 cells were transfected with si LDHA to interfere with the expression of LDHA. The transfection of scramble siRNA was used as negative control. The LDHA protein levels were detected by Western blot ( P <0.01). Cell migration and invasion was detected by Transwell assays. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured by LDH assay kit. The glucose and lactate concentration in the culture media was determined by glucose and lactate assay kit, respectively, and then glucose uptake and lactate production by the cells were calculated., Results: si LDHA downregulated LDHA protein levels in SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-453 cells ( P <0.01). Compared with negative control group, si LDHA significantly decreased migration and invasion of SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-453 cells ( P <0.001). si LDHA reduced LDH activity in SK-BR-3 cells, glucose uptake and lactate production in SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-453 cells, the difference was significant ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Knockdown of LDHA by siRNA inhibits the migration and invasion via downregulation of glycolysis in ErbB2 over expressing breast cancer cell line., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

In this research, 97 pieces of rock in Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, China were collected to measure the spectral reflectance in 350~2 500 nm, chemical content, and complex dielectric constant of some samples. The absorption depths were calculated by using continuum- removal method. With correlation analysis method, two kinds of correlation curves were obtained based on the theory of spectral characteristics of chemical contents and the principle of dielectric constant. One described the relationship between chemical content and spectral absorption depth, and the other one represented the correlation of complex dielectric constant and reflectance. By summarizing curves morphological characteristics, several conclusions were drawn as follows: (1)There was a strong correlation between the chemical content (SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, K2O, MgO, burnt-loss) and spectral absorption depth in 1 900~2 500 nm, furthermore, at around 1 900, 2 200, 2 300 nm and other identifying characteristic bands, local extreme maximum / minimum values appeared. At Fe3+ characteristic band (400~550 nm), correlation coefficient reached -0.406 between Fe2O3 content and absorption in igneous rock samples collection. Exploring the relationship between rock spectral absorption features and its chemical contents had a positive effect on metallogenic prediction and lithology identification with remote sensing image. (2) Reflectance and complex dielectric constant were negatively correlated totally, compared with the imaginary part; the real part had a better relation reached -0.753 at around 1 900 nm. Curves showed that there were great correlations around 1 900 and 2 200 nm, so, our study adopted different models to simulate response relationships. Dielectric constant of media is one of the basic physical properties, and now most analyses of existing research between electromagnetic characteristics and dielectric constant are studied in microwave band, however, our research is conducted in visible and near infrared range. The conclusions will be useful for further exploration on dielectric characteristics and spectral features of rocks.

Purpose: To compare the abrasion resistance and flexure strength of three bulk-fill resin composites with an universal nano-hybrid composite resins., Methods: The specimens were prepared with three kinds of bulk fill composites (SDR , sonicfill, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill) and an universal nano-hybrid composite resins(Herculite Precis). 10 mm in diameter × 2mm in height specimens were prepared for abrasion resistance, while 2 mm in width × 2 mm in depth×25 mm in length specimens were prepared for flexure strength. The specimens were mounted in a bal1-on-disc wear testing machine and abraded with the media artificial saliva(50 N loads, 10000 cycles).Flexural test was performed with an Universal Testing Machine at a cross-head speed of 1mm/min. One-way variance analysis was used to determine the statistical differences of volume loss and flexural strength among groups with SPSS 13.0 software package(P<0.05)., Results: The volume loss was as follows: SDR (1.2433±0.11) mm30.05)., Conclusions: With regard to wear resistance and flexural strength, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill is recommended as an alternative for posterior restorations.

It chooses 15 kinds of rock from the three major rock categories as the rock samples (the number of rock samples is 208) and obtains the density, susceptibility and reflection spectrum at the wave band of 350~2500 nm. It calculates the correlative coefficients with the aim of studying the characteristic relationship between the property (including the density and the susceptibility) of the rock and the reflectivity. It concludes the wave band of the reflection spectrum which owes the prospect to discuss the density and susceptibility of the rock qualitatively or quantitatively, meanwhile, it sums up the characteristic of the curves of the correlative coefficients. In this paper, the discussion and analysis based on the results show that the study on the character relationship between the property of rock (density and susceptibility) and the reflection spectrum is meaningful and workable.

Purpose: To compare the amount of debris extruded apically from root canals when different irrigants were used., Methods: Fifty-eight extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars with straight root canals were used. The teeth were randomly divided into control group (group A, n=7) and 3 experimental groups (group B,C,D,n=17). All teeth were prepared for root canal therapy, and 3 different irrigants were used (group B: 1% sodium hypochlorite; group C: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; group D: 17% EDTA). Debris extruded from the apical foramen during root canal irrigation was collected into tubes and the amount of debris extruded was counted and analyzed. Statistical significance was assessed by Student-Newman-Keuls test with SPSS 13.0 software package., Results: Group B, C, D had more amount of extruded debris, which was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). Group C had the highest amount of extruded debris,which was significantly different from the other group (P<0.05)., Conclusions: The type of irrigants used can affect the amount of apically extruded debris. 2.5% sodium hypochlorite can produce more apically extruded debris. 1% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA are better than 2.5% sodium hypochlorite in terms of irrigation efficacy.

The concentrations and size distributions of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in particles collected in Nanjing Normal University representing urban area and in Nanjing College of Chemical Technology standing for industrial area were analyzed using Model 2001A Thermal Optical Carbon Analyzer. The mass concentrations were the highest with the size below 0.43 microm in urban and industrial area. OC accounted for 20.9%, 21.9%, 29.6%, 27.9% respectively and those were 24.0%, 23.5%, 31.4%, 22.6% respectively for EC in the four seasons in urban area. In the industrial area, OC accounted for 18.6%, 45.8%, 26.6%, 25.9% respectively and the proportions of EC were 16.7%, 60.9%, 26.3%, 24.3% respectively. Overall, OC and EC were enriched in fine particles below 2.1 microm and they accounted for the highest proportion in summer in urban area while it did not show significant seasonal variation for industrial area. SOC in fine particles achieved high values in summer while the unobvious seasonal variation in coarse particles might be attributed to the contribution of different pollution sources and meteorological factors. Correlations and OC/EC ratio method implied that OC and EC mainly came from vehicles exhaust and coal combustion in fine particles while they were also related to biomass combustion and cooking in coarse particles.

Stable carbon isotopes (delta13C) in aerosol fine particles (PM2.1) collected in Nanjing Normal University representing urban area, and in Nanjing College of Chemical Technology standing for suburban industrial area, were analyzed using EA-IRMS. Besides, sources of carbonaceous contents were studied and the pollution characteristics of total carbon (TC) were evaluated. The annual average concentrations of TC in urban area and suburban industrial area were 15.94 microg.m-3 and 17.17 microg.m-3, respectively. The proportions for TC in PM2.1 were 17.18% and 16. 40% , indicating that carbonaceous pollution was more serious and the pollutants were more complex in suburban industrial area. The average delta13C for winter, spring, summer and autumn were -24. 42 per thousand +/- 1. 12 per thousand, -25. 19 per thousand +/- 1. 92% per thousand, - 25.79 per thousand +/- 0.45 per thousand and - 25.58 per thousand + 0. 65 per thousand, respectively in urban area and - 25.34 per thousand +/- 1. 18 per thousand, -25. 55 per thousand +/- 1. 50 per thousand, -25. 31 per thousand +/- 0. 55%o and -25. 38 per thousand +/- 0. 82 per thousand, respectively in suburban area. Correlation analysis and isotopic signatures of potential sources suggested that carbonaceous contents mainly came from gasoline vehicles exhaust in urban area, and might be attributed to the vehicle exhaust emissions and industrial emissions in suburban area. In addition, coal combustion,biomass burning and geological sources might have important contribution to aerosols in winter and spring. Back trajectory analysis implied that the long-range transport had considerable contribution to the carbonaceous aerosol in winter and spring. However, the major sources might be attributed to local emissions in the other two seasons.

Objective: To investigate the pathogenesis of ischemic-type biliary lesions (ITBLs) in post-liver transplant patients and the possible therapeutic mechanisms of sirolimus., Methods: The clinic data of 32 post-liver transplant patients with ITBLs from May 2004 to December 2010 was analyzed. There were including 25 male and 7 female patients with a median age of 46 years (ranging from 19 to 61 years). Patients were divided into those who received sirolimus (sirolimus group) and those who did not (control group). The expression of IL-2, FoxP3, and IL-10 in the portal area, liver function indexes, and bile duct injury score were assessed pre-ITBL, when ITBLs were identified, and after 6 months of sirolimus treatment., Results: Compared with pre-ITBL optical density (OD) values, there was a significantly increase in IL-2 OD(0.138 ± 0.050 in control group and 0.141 ± 0.052 in sirolimus group), but not FoxP3 and IL-10 OD in both groups at the time ITBLs were diagnosed. After 6 months of treatment, the IL-2, FoxP3, and IL-10 OD values in the control group were not different from those when ITBLs were diagnosed. There was a significant reduction in post-therapy IL-2 OD(0.107 ± 0.043, t = 2.087, P = 0.044), and a significant elevation in FoxP3(0.213 ± 0.039) and IL-10 OD(0.187 ± 0.048) in sirolimus group as compared with those when ITBLs were diagnosed(t = -3.822 and -4.350, both P < 0.01). There was a significant increase in serum levels of ALT, AST, total bilirubin, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and ALP at the time ITBLs were diagnosed compared with pre-ITBL levels in both groups. After 6 months of treatment, the above indexes had not changed in the control group, but significantly improved in the sirolimus group, and the bile duct injury score in the sirolimus group had significantly decreased(4.4 ± 2.4, Z = -2.568, P = 0.010). The 1-year and 3-year graft survival rates in the control group were 6/13 and 5/13, respectively, and 17/19 and 13/19, respectively, in the sirolimus group (χ(2) = 7.166, P = 0.007; χ(2) = 5.398, P = 0.020, respectively)., Conclusions: Sirolimus can downregulate IL-2 expression and upregulate FoxP3 and IL-10 expression, thereby stimulating FoxP3+ Treg cells, suppressing immunopathological damage, and promoting epithelial repair in bile ducts.

Oligodendrocytes are myelin forming cells in central nerve system, which arise from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) following a series development processes: The mechanism of myelination has become one of the hot point in neurosciences research. Recently, the cytoskeleton of oligodendrocyte has been considered to play an important role in this process. Mediated by a series of intracellular and extracellular signaling moleculues and lipid raft, the cytoskeleton of oligodendrocytes regulates morphological changes of cells and results in terminal differentiation or maturation of oligodendrocytes. The simple processes of cells gradually become highly ramified, and extend the membrane to wrap the neuronal axons to form the myelin layers. Finally, the compaction of myelin layers by the reorganization of cytoskeleton leads to formation of the mature myelin sheath.

Objective: To study the protective effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) and Danshen on hippocampal neurons in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) with global ischemia-reperfusion injury., Methods: Global ischemia-reperfusion model was established in 54 male Z:ZCLA gerbils by occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The animal models were randomized into 3 groups to receive treatment with normal saline, NGF, and Danshen 30 min after the reperfusion. At 6 h, 3 and 7 days after the reperfusion, the survival of the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons was observed using optical and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in the neurons., Results: Neuronal apoptosis was not observed in the hippocampus 6 h after the reperfusion, but at 3 and 7 days, the number of apoptotic neurons increased significantly in the CA1 region. Compared with normal saline, treatments with NGF and Danshen both significantly reduced the number of apoptotic neurons at 3 and 7 days. The number of apoptotic neurons showed no significant difference between NGF and Danshen treatment groups at 3 days, but at 7 days, the apoptotic cell number was significantly lower in NGF group (P<0.05). Bcl-2 expression was the highest in NGF group, and its highest expression occurred at 6 h after the reperfusion; Bax expression was detected in saline group, and underwent no significant changes with the passage of time., Conclusion: Both NGF and Danshen show protective effects against global ischemia-reperfusion injury. NGF has a stronger protective effect than Danshen, and this finding provides experimental evidence for selecting appropriate protective agents in the treatment of ischemic brain damage.

Objective: To evaluate the value of the near infrared Raman spectroscope in diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)., Methods: Near infrared Raman spectra of ten normal mucosa, twenty OSCC and thirty oral leukoplakia (OLK) cases were collected in the research. Based on the previous researches, the information of the subtracted spectra of compared group was gained by the characteristic band in them. A Gaussian radial basis function support vector machine was used to classify spectra and establish the diagnostic models. The efficacy and validity of the algorithm were evaluated., Results: By analyzing the subtracted mean spectra, the increasing peak intensity in wavenumber range of 500-2 200 cm(-1) hinted us of the high contents of DNA, protein and lipid in OSCC, which elucidate the high proliferative activity. The increasing peak intensity in the wavenumber range of 500-2 200 cm(-1) hinted us of the high contents of DNA, protein and lipid in OSCC, which elucidate the high proliferative activity, but the difference between OLK and OSCC was not as much as that between normal and OSCC. The Gaussian radial basis function support vector machine showed powerful ability in grouping and modeling of normal and OSCC, and the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy were 100%, 97.44% and 98.81% correspondingly. The algorithm showed good ability in grouping and modeling of OLK and OSCC, the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy were 95.00%, 86.36% and 96.30%., Conclusion: Combined with support vector machines, near infrared Raman spectroscopy could detect the biochemical variations in oral normal, OLK and OSCC, and establish diagnostic model accurately.

Objective: Renal dysfunction caused by calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) after liver transplantation is a major complication among the long-term surviving recipients. Several studies have demonstrated that the adverse events could be prevented or avoided by mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-based CNI reduced immunosuppressive protocol. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the middle-term effect of this regimen upon improving the CNI-associated renal dysfunction., Methods: 124 OLT recipients' data within the recent three years were reviewed in this study., Results: Renal dysfunction developed in 14 cases and its incidence was 11.29%. Five cases of them were from cyclosporine A (CsA) group and 9 from tacrolimus (TAC) group. The postoperative time ranged from 3-39 months with a mean follow-up duration of 19.26 +/- 9.30 months. The interval between renal impairment and surgery was 12.92 +/- 9.04 (1-31) months. CNI were reduced stepwise by about 55% in TAC group (TAC 2.60 +/- 1.14 mg/d vs 1.10 +/- 0.22 mg/d; t = 3.000, P = 0.040) and about 70% in CsA group (CsA 370 +/- 179 mg/d vs 105 +/- 27; t = 3.359, P = 0.028). Serum creatinine had decreased from 139 +/- 46 micromol/L to 122 +/- 46 micromol/L (t = 3.152, P = 0.004), 114 +/- 53 micromol/L (t = 4.180, P = 0.001) and 93 +/- 18 micromol/L (t = 4.721, P = 0.000) after administrating a mean MMF dose of 1.05 +/-0.15 g/d (0.5-1.5 g/d) for 1, 2 and 3 months respectively. And the creatinine clearance rate increased from 51.83 +/- 21.28 ml/min to 63 +/- 22 ml/min (t = -3.439, P = 0.004), 69 +/- 25 ml/min (t = -4.207, P = 0.001) and 79 +/- 25 m/min (t = -6.149, P = 0.000) during the corresponding period. Improvement was maintained within a follow-up period of 6.00 +/- 3.37 (3-14) months without major immunological or non-immunological side effects, except for 1 recipient from another institution who died of CNI-associated renal failure within 1 month after burst. 71.43% (10/14) of recipients achieved the normalization of serum creatinine and 21.43% (3/14) experienced a significant reduction in their serum creatinine levels. Conclusions MMF-based CNI reduced immunosuppressive protocol can improve substantially CNI-associated renal dysfunction after liver transplantation. And the long-term surviving recipients have excellent profiles of safety and tolerance.

Objective: To research the clinical feasibility of emergency right lobe adult-to-adult live-donor liver transplantation in treating acute liver failure following severe hepatitis., Methods: Consecutive ten severe hepatitis patients (4 acute-on-chronic severe hepatitis and 6 acute severe hepatitis; 9 caused by HBV and 1 with drug-induced acute liver failure) underwent emergency right lobe adult-to-adult live-donor liver transplantation in our hospital from April 2007 to December 2007. The +/- s of model for end-stage liver disease score was 33.22 +/- 6.55. The outcomes of these recipients were prospectively analyzed., Results: Among them, 8 ABO blood group were identical and 2 compatible. One was Rh sub-group negative. Except 2 recipients died (1 acute renal failure caused by veno cava thrombosis, 1 liver graft lose caused by hepatic artery thrombosis), the rest of recipients (80%) and all donors were safe. The mean graft-to-recipient weight ratio was (1.19 +/- 0.14)%, and graft volume to recipient estimated standard liver volume ratio was (65.13 +/- 8.75)%. Right lobe grafts with middle hepatic vein (MHV) 3 cases, without MHV 4 cases, without MHV but followed by V and VIII hepatic vein outflow reconstruction 3 cases. Encouraging outcome was achieved in this group of recipient: elevated serum creatinine, serum endotoxin, decreased serum prothrombin activity (PTA) and total bilirubin returned to normal about on postoperative day (POD) 3, POD 7, POD 14 and POD 28, respectively., Conclusions: Outcomes of emergency right lobe adult-to-adult live-donor liver transplantation for acute hepatic failure following severe hepatitis are fairly encouraging and acceptable. emergency right lobe adult-to-adult live-donor liver transplantation is an effective and life-saving modality for acute liver failure following severe hepatitis.

Objective: To summarize the clinical data in preventing HBV recurrence after liver transplantation and explore a optimal individual protocol in prophylaxis of HBV recurrence., Methods: We retrospected outcomes in 195 recipients who underwent a liver transplantation for HBV-related liver disease between June 2004 and July 2008. According to the anti-virus protocol these recipients are divided into two groups as following: group A received a protocol of combination treatment of lamivudine with HBIG, and group B with combination treatment of adefovir with HBIG. With mean follow-up of 23.7 months, HBV recurrent rate was observed in overall and each group separately., Results: A total of 195 liver transplant recipients were identified that met the study criteria. At the sixth and eleventh month after operation, HBV recurrence appeared in 2 recipients, each in two groups, which were due to LAM cessation and HBV mutation respectively. Recurrent rate was 0.6% in group A, 3.7% in group B and 1% in total. There was no significant difference in HBV recurrent rate between group A and B., Conclusion: Lamivudine combined with HBIg should be considered as a reliable method in preventing HBV recurrence after liver transplantation. Better outcomes can be achieved by individual anti-virus protocol and HBIg administration according to HBV status in recipient.

Objective: To evaluate the value of dual time point 11C-choline PET-CT in differentiating malignant from benign lesions of mediastinum., Methods: Thirty-five patients with mediastinal diseases, including 8 non-small cell lung cancer or highly suspected lung cancer patients with mediastinal lymphadenectasis, were subject to CT, dual time point PET-CT and videomediastinoscopy within four weeks. 11C-choline was used as PET tracers to visualize various masses. The imaging protocol included the first PET scanning 5-10 min after the-injection of 370 MBq 11C-choline and then a second PET scanning 25-30 min later. The PET data were evaluated using the standardized uptake value (SUV) and the difference between the two point (DeltaSUV). Then the results were analyzed in accordance with the pathologic data., Results: Eleven of the 35 patients with mediastinal diseases were diagnosed as with sarcoidosis, 6 with tuberculosis, 5 with lymphoma, 11 with nodal metastasis (8 had their modes from the lung and the primary lesions of the other 3 failed to be identified), and 2 with lung cancer with reactive hyperplasia lymph node. The SUV of the delayed images of the 16 malignant lesions was 6.48 (3.0-11.2), higher than that of the early images [6.17 (3.2-9.8)] with a DeltaSUV of 0.31 (-0.4-1.4). The value of SUV of delayed images of the 19 benign lesions was 4.99 (2.2-9.3), lower than that of early images [5.11 (2.9-8.3)] with a DeltaSUV of -0.12 (-0.9-1.0). The DeltaSUV of the benign lesions was significantly lower than that of the malignant lesions (F = 1.939, P = 0.04). The accuracy rates of diagnosis of mediastinal masses of CT, first-time PET-CT, dual time point PET-CT, and videomediastinoscopy were 54.3% (19/35), 74.3% (26/35), 82.9% (29/35), and 100% (35/35) respectively. Conclusion With a high diagnostic yield, videomediastinoscopy remains the gold standard in differentiation of malignant and benign lesions located in the middle mediastinum. Dual time point PET-CT may improve the accuracy.

Objective: To evaluate the role of videomediastinoscopy combined with the examination of CD(4)/CD(8) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis of the mediastinum., Methods: The clinical records of 90 patients who underwent videomediastinoscopy from February 2003 to September 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. The expression of CD(4)/CD(8) was studied using immunohistochemical method in the tissues from 57 cases with a diagnosis of tuberculosis or sarcoidosis and noncaseating granuloma without classical "sarcoid" pathology obtained by videomediastinoscopy., Results: Sarcoidosis was diagnosed in 37 patients, tuberculosis in 14 patients, lymphoma in 15 patients, nodal metastasis in 18 patients, noncaseating granuloma without classical "sarcoid" in 6 patients. The diagnostic accuracy was 93.3% (84/90). The expression of CD(4) and CD(8) in sarcoidosis was (65 +/- 13)% and (9.4 +/- 2.6)%, respectively. While the expression of CD(4) and CD(8) in tuberculosis was (41 +/- 11)% and (11.8 +/- 3.4)%, respectively. The rate of CD(4)/CD(8) in sarcoidosis was higher than that in tuberculosis (7.3 +/- 1.8 and 3.6 +/- 1.1, respectively, t = 1.883, P = 0.000). The accuracy, specificity and sensitivity for diagnosis of sarcoidosis was 90.2%, 85.7% and 91.9%, respectively, if the cutoff value of CD(4)/CD(8) was 5. No complication or mortality was reported., Conclusion: Videomediastinoscopy is an effective procedure for the diagnosis of mediastinal diseases. The examination of CD(4)/CD(8) adds more information to the differentiation of tuberculosis from sarcoidosis.