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To deal with the problem of the difficult optimization search and expensive computational cost caused by large-scale design variables, the hierarchical optimization design system based on the global sensitivity analysis method is established in this paper. The M-OAT method is used to analyze the global sensitivity of the design variables, according to the sensitivity information to layer design variables, then optimize the design variables in each hierarchy. Through the study of the hierarchical optimization design of airfoils and wings, compared with the normal parameter optimization design system, the hierarchical optimization design system based on the global sensitivity analysis method can reduce effectively the number of design variables in a single optimization, reduce the difficulty of the optimization search, improve the convergence speed of the optimization, gain better optimization results at the same time. For optimization design with large-scale design variables, the hierarchical optimization design system based on the global sensitivity analysis method is a sort of effective ways of design.