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Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In view of the low accuracy of the existing methods to identify coal macerals, a method for identifying and statistical analysis of coal macerals based on the idea of peak splitting is proposed in this study. The peak offset range of vitrinite of each coal type is determined from the point of view of individual particle, and an adaptive peak finding algorithm is proposed to select the effective peak point of coal and rock particles. In the coal macerals identification stage, the multi-strategy peak position identification algorithm is designed to classify the coal and rock particles into active-inert particles requiring peak clustering and pure vitrinite particles, inertinite particles and exinite particles without peak clustering, and the peak positions of coal and rock particles requiring peak clustering are selected. Then, Gaussian fitting is carried out based on peak splitting rules and statistical methods to determine the threshold values of exinite, vitrinite, and inertinite respectively, and complete the clustering and segmentation of coal and rock particles. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively identify single coal particles and realize quantitative statistics of maceral content, with an accuracy of 96.85% and the minimum entropy of 0.615 3. Compared with the traditional method, the proposed method has higher accuracy and has better practical application significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geology & Resources is the property of Geology & Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Organic matter-hosted pores provide reservoir space and migration pathways for shale gas. The evolution of organic matter-hosted pores (OM pores) of different macerals from Longmaxi shale with a wide variety of thermal maturities has been investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The Longmaxi shale contains rare graptolites which are the main component of structured organic matter. No OM pores occur in graptolite fragments, irrespective of thermal maturity. OM pores locally developed in graptolite fragments are formed from hydrocarbon generation of organic matter which was replaced by macromolecular material from surrounding sediment or in situ polymerized by lipids from the organism itself. Solid bitumen is not only the major organic component in the Longmaxi shale, but also the main host of OM pore development. The diagenesis of fine-grained sediments and thermal evolution of organic matter have been combined with the morphology of solid bitumen to distinguish pre-oil solid bitumen and post-oil solid bitumen. The post-oil solid bitumen is dominant. The evolution of OM pores within solid bitumen is closely related to thermal maturity. Generally, OM pores within solid bitumen become greater as thermal maturity increases. During the mature to early postmature (GRo < 2.3%) stages, OM pores within solid bitumen are not well developed probably due to the masking by oil and bitumen generated from organic matter. OM pores within solid bitumen are well developed during the late postmature to early overmature (2.3% < GRo < 4.5%) stages, with two main types being spongy and bubble-shaped. For organic-rich Longmaxi shale, the contribution of OM porosity to total porosity is more than 50%. During the late overmature (GRo>4.5%) stage, organic matter carbonization will cause intense damage to shale pores so that the exploration risk of shale gas increases.

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The integrated process of coal pyrolysis with CO2 reforming of methane（CP-CRM） is one of the most important routes to improve tar yield. The composition of coal macerals is one of the factors affecting the pyrolysis reaction process. However, there is a lack of research on the pyrolysis behavior of macerals in the CP-CRM process. This work studied the differences of pyrolysis characteristics of Daliuta raw coal and its macerals under N2 and CRM atmosphere. The effects of different reaction temperatures and atmospheres on the distribution of pyrolysis products of macerals were investigated on a fixed bed pyrolysis apparatus. The obtained pyrolysis tar was analyzed by simulated distillation, NMR and GC-MS to understand the effect of the structure of macerals on the composition of tar. The results show that the vitrinite and inertinite exhibit different reaction characteristics under N2 atmosphere. The tar yield of vitrinite is significantly higher than that of inertinite, which is mainly attributed to the difference in the reactivity caused by the difference in the structure of macerals. The CRM atmosphere could obviously increase tar yield. In comparison, the enhance-ment effect is more pronounced when the inertinite is used, and the tar yield of inertinite is increased by 16% compared with that under N2 atmosphere, which is mainly ascribed to the participation of free radicals from CRM. The analysis of tar composition shows that the vitrinite pyrolysis tar contains higher aliphatics, while inertinite pyrolysis tar includes more aromatics under N2 atmosphere. Under the CRM atmosphere, the content of light aromatic hydrocarbons is greatly increased, especially, the content of anthracene oil is most remarkably enhanced, and the content of tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the inertinite pyrolysis tar is obviously decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitrinite and resinite are important macerals within the coal. To understand their chemical compositions and structures is of great significance for the evaluation of hydrocarbon potential. The combination of optical microscope and modified laser micropyrolysis GC-MS technique was employed to analyze the vitrinite and resinite within a Paleogene coal of Honghe region of Yunnan Province. The pyrolyzates have shown to have the ubiquitous mono and diaromatic hydrocarbons, diterpenoids as well as n-alkene/ane doublets for both of vitrinite and resinite, among which, the similar distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons and diterpenoids were obvious, and abundant norpimarane and phyllocladane were derived from gymnospermae, especially contributed by conifer resins. However, the distributions of aliphatic hydrocarbons and hopanoids in the pyrolyzates were distinct. The successful application of laser micropyrolysis indicates it is a micrometer scale method to recognize hydrocarbon generation characteristics of various macerals within a single sam-ple, and thus make it possible to identify effective hydrocarbon-generation macerals. In addition, compared with conventional geochemical techniques, the superiority of laser micropyrolysis GC-MS technique was discussed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the basic characteristics of coals from Bainmedart Coal Measure, one of the Permian coalbearing units of Amery group in Northern Prince Charles Mountains,Antarctica, eleven coal specimens were collected from the McKinnon Member and Glosopteris Gully Member during the Chinese 31st Antarctic expedition and conducted the coal petrography, proximate and ultimate analysis. The macerals of coal seams of two geological units indicate that organic components, characterized by the vitrinites and inertinite, have the higher contents, while the inorganic components are mainly composed of clay and oxides(Quarts),together with the minor sulfide only enriched in partial layers of McKinnon Member. The maximum reflectance of vitrinite in coal seams of these two units are similar,both with the mean of 0. 64%. Proximate analyses indicate that the coals from McKinnon Member are characterized by the extra-low to high Ash contents(9. 85% -84. 16%),extra-low to low moisture contents(2. 38% -6. 18%),high to extra-high volatile components(38. 98% -66. 76%),extra-low to low total sulfur contents(0. 23% -0. 68%) and extra-low to medium fixed carbon contents(5. 26% -55. 01%),and coals of Glosopteris Gully Member have the characters of the medium ash contents(21. 05% -29. 40%),low to medium moisture contents(7. 44% -9. 94%),high volatile components( 40. 99% -43. 67%),extra-low total sulfur contents(0. 38% -0. 44%) and extra-low to medium fixed carbon contents(39. 77% -46. 59%). The Char Residue Characteristic of these coal seams is two. Ultimate analyses indicate that the coals of McKinnon Member have an extra-low to low phosphor contents(0. 005% -0. 019%),low to high fluorine contents(108-829 μg/ g),extra-low to high chloride components(0. 017% -0. 535%) and one-grade arsenic contents(0-7 μg/ g);and coals of Glosopteris Gully Member are characterized by an extra-low to low phosphor contents( 0. 006% - 0. 024%), high fluorine contents (260 - 478 μg/ g), medium chloride components (0． 007% - 0． 208%) and one-grade arsenic contents(1-6 μg/ g). The coals from Glosopteris Gully Member are of the lignite in rank, but these from McKinnon Member are of the peat to bituminous in rank. The coals studied here are similar with those of the Indian Mahanadi Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samples from K1a coal seam in the Zhongliangshan mine were investigated by microscopy and organic geochemistry. The coal facies parameters show that the Zhongliangshan coal formed in wet forest swamp under reductive environment, and the coal-forming plants were mainly woody plants. After Soxhlet extraction and group components separation, the composition and molecular geochemical features of organic matter were analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC) and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicate that the coal-forming plants were mainly terrestrial higher plants. However, the input of marine phytoplankton cannot be excluded. The coal-forming environment was reductive, and the coal seam underwent relatively higher thermal evolution. Aromatic hydrocarbons were dominated by naphthalenes, phenanthrenes and biphenyls. The isomers of aromatic hydrocarbons with higher thermodynamic stability had an advantage position, and the contents of dibenzothiophenes were higher than dibenzofurans, which also implies the reductive coal-forming environment. The results from microscopic and the organic geochemical analyses verify mutually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of macerals in vitrinite of coal，in view of the fact that the structures of macerals are very complex and there are too many features that mix and makes classification difficult，a maceral classification method based on principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed. Firstly，according to the texture characteristics (strip，crumb，grain，etc) and intensity difference，macerals are represented with texture related features as energy，entropy，moment，local smooth based on gray level co-occurrence matrix and intensity related features as contrast，mean，standard deviation，3 order moment deviation based on the gray-level statistics of coal microscopic images，and a primary feature set is generated. Then，by using PCA，primary features are further selected and extracted. Finally，a Support Vector Machine based on radial basis function (RBF-SVM) is built，and macerals are classified according to those principal components with greater cumulative contribution. Experimental results show that texture can present macerals feature of vitrinite effectively；with features extracted by PCA，the dimensions of feature space are greatly reduced，the generalization ability of classification algorithm is improved，and the accuracy rate of classification is obviously increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Novel automatic coal petrography system based on image analysis has been developed which allows maceral reflectance and composition measurement to be carried out,the principle is that maceral reflectance is proportional to grey of image,working curve establishing is initial condition for maceral reflectance determination. Testing principle, testing process and testing principle formula were analyzed, and experimental verification of establishing working curve were carried out. Measuring scale and resolution capability of grey to reflectance were analyzed. Selection method of working curve in practical work was proposed. Slope, measuring scale and resolution capability of working curve can be adjusted by changing illumination intensity of microscope or exposure time of microscopy digital camera. 256 grey microscopy digital camera meet requirement of reflectance test precision by image analysis method. Test result between image method and traditional photometer method has strong consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The macerals of bark liptobiolite of Leping Mine in Jiangxi Province were separated by the method of Density Gradient Centrifugation, and the density distribution characteristic curves of coal of -200 mesh was drawn through analytical pre-separation experiments. The curves shows that the density distribution of liptinite and vitrinite of bark coal is relatively concentrated; it's easy to separate specific macerals; while inertinite and vitrinite are so intermixed that the separation is less effective. The content of barkinite and vitrinite reaches over 98.6% after the particular Density-gradient Centrifugation separation experiments. There are obvious differences between the two macerals of the separated samples in the chemical structure according to the high resolution TEM and image analysis: First, the number of the lattice fringes of barkinite is significantly greater than that of vitrinite, and the lattice fringes of barkinite are equipped with a characteristic of more disordered and concentrated; secondly, the proportion of different lattice fringes of vitrinite and barkinite is relatively close to each other, short aromatic fringe is dominant for both, while the difference is that the content of 1 x 1 (naphthalene) of vitrinite is obviously greater than that of barkinite, but the 3x3 aromatic fringe displays a completely opposite characteristic. The content of medium-long aromatic fringe is not high, but this value of barkinite is also significantly lower than that of vitrinite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ascertain the geochemistry of trace elements in the No. 2 coal seam at Datong coalfield's Qifeng-shan coalmine, the contents of 15 kinds of trace elements in coal were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), the mineral composition characteristics were observed through optical microscope and the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method, and the organic affinity and occurrence of trace elements were then analyzed based on statistics. The results show that the contents of most trace elements in the No. 2 coal seam, which is deposited under a continental environment, is lower than that in North China or China coal, and only the elements of As, Re, Mo, Se have enrichment factors higher than six. Mo is a strong organic affinity element; Be, W, T1 and Co are organic affinity elements; As, Th, Se, Sb, Ni, Li and Bi are inorganic-organic affinity elements; Pb, Re and Sc have no organic affinity. The Alluminosilicate fractionation, organic combination, carbonate and inorganic compounds forms are the dominant occurrences for these trace elements in coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]