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SiO2 encapsulated composite was successfully synthesized by sol-gel process with tetraethyl orthosilicate as the precursor of SiO2 in neutron condition for the first time. The results of XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TEM characterizations show that the prepared sample had spherical core-shell structure. The average size of the particles was about 474 nm. DSC and TGA results show that the latent heat of melting and solidifying was 109.9 J/g and 100.1 J/g, respectively. The encapsulation ratio and the encapsulation efficiency were 53.45% and 50. 66%, respectively. The thermal energy storage properties and the thermal stability were both higher than those of the samples obtained at pH 3.5 and pH 11.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The initial productivity of shale gas has a direct impact on the estimated ultimate recovery of shale gas wells. Analyzing the main controlling factors of initial shale gas productivity is of great significance for the design and optimization of the shale gas development scheme. Based on literature surveys, the influencing mechanism of various factors on the initial shale gas productivity was qualitatively studied. Then the correlation between the initial productivity and each influencing factor was quantitatively calculated by using the Pearson-Maximum Information Coefficient (Pearson-MIC) correlation analysis method. According to a certain picking principle, the key controlling factors of shale gas initial productivity were preferably selected. And the reliability of the proposed method was proved through comparison with the traditional correlation analysis method. The results show that there are 8 geological factors and 12 engineering factors that directly affect the initial productivity of shale gas, where the key controlling factors of shale gas initial productivity include the thickness of high quality shale, total organic carbon content, gas con tent, pressure coefficient, brittle mineral content, percentage of the drilled high quality shale, fracturing stage number, perforation cluster number, total fluid volume, single-stage proppant volume and pumpage. Compared with traditional correlation analysis method, the evaluation results from the Pearson-MIC correlation analysis method are more reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China English in English media of China is not only the reflection of Chinese culture and Chinese mode of thinking, but also the choice of the media in their political and cultural context. China English, by way-of English media, is exerting great influence of Chinese language and culture on English language and world culture, and it contributes to the development of English in China on its way to a medium for effective communication with the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To observe the effects of moxibustion on colonic mast cell degranulation and inflammatory factor expression in rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), and explore the potential mechanism of moxibustion in treating IBS-D., Methods: Forty-five rat pups born from 5 healthy SPF-grade pregnant SD rats, with 8 rats were randomly selected as the normal group. The remaining 37 rats were intervened with maternal separation, acetic acid enema, and chronic restraint stress to establish the IBS-D model. The successfully modeled 32 rats were then randomly assigned to a model group, a ketotifen group, a moxibustion group, and a moxibustion-medication group, with 8 rats in each group. The rats in the ketotifen group were intervened with intragastric administration of ketotifen solution (10 mL/kg); the rats in the moxibustion group were intervened with suspended moxibustion on bilateral "Tianshu" (ST 25) and "Shangjuxu" (ST 37); the rats in the moxibustion-medication group were intervened with suspended moxibustion combined with intragastric administration of ketotifen solution. All interventions were administered once daily for 7 consecutive days. The diarrhea rate and minimum volume threshold of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) were calculated before and after modeling, as well as after intervention. After intervention, colonic tissue morphology was observed using HE staining; colonic mucosal ultrastructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy; colonic mast cell ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy; mast cell degranulation was assessed by toluidine blue staining; serum and colonic levels of histamine, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, trypsin-like enzyme, and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) were measured by ELISA; the Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR were employed to evaluate the protein and mRNA expression of colonic IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, trypsin-like enzyme, and PAR-2; the immunofluorescence was used to detect the positive expression of histamine, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, trypsin-like enzyme, and PAR-2 in the colonic tissue., Results: Compared to the normal group, the rats in the model group exhibited extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells in colonic tissue, severe damage to the colonic mucosa, disordered arrangement of villi, reduced electron density, and a significant decrease in granule quantity within mast cells. The diarrhea rate and mast cell degranulation rate were increased ( P <0.01), AWR minimum volume threshold was decreased ( P <0.01); the serum and colonic levels of histamine, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, trypsin-like enzyme, and PAR-2 were elevated ( P <0.01); the positive expression of histamine, as well as protein, mRNA and positive expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, trypsin-like enzyme, and PAR-2 in the colon were all elevated ( P <0.01). Compared to the model group, the rats in the ketotifen group, the moxibustion group, and the moxibustion-medication group exhibited significantly reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells in colonic tissue, relatively intact colonic mucosa, orderly arranged villi, increased electron density, and an augmented number of mast cell granules; the diarrhea rate and mast cell degranulation rate were decreased ( P <0.01), and AWR minimum volume threshold was increased ( P <0.01); the serum and colonic levels of histamine, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, trypsin-like enzyme, and PAR-2 were reduced ( P <0.01); the positive expression of histamine, as well as protein, mRNA and positive expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, trypsin-like enzyme, and PAR-2 in the colon were all decreased ( P <0.01). Compared to the ketotifen group, the moxibustion group showed decreased serum levels of histamine, IL-6, and trypsin-like enzyme ( P <0.01, P <0.05), as well as reduced colonic levels of IL-1β and IL-6 ( P <0.01, P <0.05); the protein expression of colonic IL-1β, IL-1α, and PAR-2 was reduced ( P <0.05), and the positive expression of colonic IL-1β and trypsin-like enzyme was reduced ( P <0.01, P <0.05). Compared to both the ketotifen group and the moxibustion group, the moxibustion-medication group exhibited decreased diarrhea rate and mast cell degranulation rate ( P <0.01), an increased AWR minimum volume threshold ( P <0.01), reduced serum and colonic levels of histamine, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, trypsin-like enzyme, and PAR-2 ( P <0.01), decreased protein expression of colonic IL-1β, trypsin-like enzyme, and PAR-2 ( P <0.01, P <0.05), reduced mRNA and positive expression of colonic IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, trypsin-like enzyme, and PAR-2 ( P <0.01, P <0.05), and decreased positive expression of colonic histamine ( P <0.01)., Conclusions: Moxibustion on "Tianshu" (ST 25) and "Shangjuxu" (ST 37) might inhibit low-grade inflammatory reactions in the colon of IBS-D model rats. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of histamine and trypsin-like enzyme secreted by mast cell, thereby reducing the expression of related inflammatory factors.

A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of vitamins A, D3 and E in infant formula and adult nutritions has been developed using online two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC). First of all, C8 and polar embedded C18 columns were chosen as the first and second dimensional column respectively according to hydrophobic-subtraction model, which constituted excellent orthogonal separation system. The detection wavelengths were set at 263 nm for vitamin D3, 296 nm for vitamin E and 325 nm for vitamin A. The purification of vitamin D3 and quantifications of vitamins A and E were completed simultaneously in the first dimensional separation using the left pump of Dual Gradient LC (DGLC) with methanol, acetonitrile and water as mobile phases. The heart-cutting time window of vitamin D3 was confirmed according to the retention time of vitamin D3 in the first dimensional separation. The elute from the first dimensional column (1-D column) which contained vitamin D3 was collected by a 500 µL sample loop and then taken into the second dimensional column (2-D column) by the right pump of DGLC with methanol, acetonitrile and water as mobile phases. The quantification of vitamin D3 was performed in the second dimensional separation with vitamin D2 as internal standard. At last, this method was applied for the analysis of the three vitamins in milk powder, cheese and yogurt. The injected sample solution with no further purification was pre-treated by hot-saponification using 1. 25 kg/L KOH solution and extracted by petroleum ether solvent. The recoveries of vitamin D3 spiked in all samples were 75.50%-85.00%. There was no statistically significant difference for the results between this method and standard method through t-test. The results indicate that vitamins A, D3 and E in infant formula and adult fortified dairy can be determined rapidly and accurately with this method.

Objective: To compare the children's oral health habits and oral-health-related quality of life following treatment under dental general anesthesia (DGA) and passive restraint (PR)., Methods: In the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, twenty eight 2 to 4-year-old patients treated under DGA and thirty five treated under PR were collected in this non-randomized controlled trial. The general information including age and decayed, missed and filled teeth(dmft), dental plaque index was recorded preoperatively. Two questionnaires, questionnaire of oral health habits and early childhood oral health impact scale (ECOHIS) were completed by parents before and 6 months after treatment (including restoration, root canal treatment, stainless steel crown, tooth extraction, etc.). Six months after treatment, dental plaque index and restoration were reexamined., Results: The patients were significantly elder in DGA group [(3.1 ± 0.6) years old, P < 0.05], and the mean dmft was significantly higher (13.1 ± 4.1, P < 0.001) in DGA group. The postoperative dietary habits and brushing habits significantly improved in PR group, but not in the DGA group. However, according to the results of ECOHIS, the occurrence of pain, the impacts of patients on daily life, psychology and family due to the oral diseases significantly decreased in DGA group (P < 0.05), while in PR group, only the occurrence of pain reduced (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was found between the two groups in new caries or recurrent caries (PR group: 37.1%, DGA group: 39.3%), secondary caries (PR group: 4.1%, DGA group: 2.3%), and failure of the restoration (PR group:1.5%, DGA group: 2.7%)., Conclusions: Each behavior management technique has advantages and drawbacks, and no statistical differences were found in the treatment results between the two techniques.

Objective: To investigate the expression of HERC4 in human breast cancer tissues and its relationship with the clinicopathological features., Methods: RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA expression of HERC4, and Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect protein expression of HERC4 in 67 breast cancer tissues and adjacent breast tissues., Results: The results of RT-qPCR showed a significantly higher mRNA expression of HERC4 in breast cancer tissues than in the adjacent breast tissues (P<0.05). Western blotting demonstrated HERC4 over-expression in breast cancer tissues compared with the adjacent breast tissues (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry revealed HERC4 expression located predominantly in the cell cytoplasm. Positive HERC4 expression was detected in 61.2% of the breast cancer tissues as compared to 19.4% in the adjacent breast tissues, and its expression level was closely correlated with TNM stage and the histological grade (P<0.05)., Conclusion: HERC4 is correlated with the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer and may serve as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and also as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Objective: To construct the eukaryotic expression vector of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting human collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1) and observe its inhibiting effect on the expression of target gene., Methods: The complementary oligonucleotide sequences coding shRNA were designed and synthesized according to the sequence of human COL1A1 gene, and cloned into the linearized pSilencer(TM);2.1-U6 neo vector. The recombinant vector was confirmed by enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing, and then the positive clones were transfected to human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 by Lipofectamine(TM);2000. The stable cell line was selected by G418. The expression of COL1A1 gene was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis., Results: Double-enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing verified the correct sequences of the recombinant plasmid pshRNA-COL1A1. Compared with the control group, the expression level of COL1A1 mRNA and protein was inhibited markedly by pshRNA-COL1A1-1 or pshRNA-COL1A1-2 transfection, and the inhibitory rates were respectively (44.41±3.90)%, (63.05±3.13)% in RT-PCR and (45.50±2.71)%, (66.98±2.08)% in Western blot analysis., Conclusion: Specific shRNA interference plasmid vector targeting COL1A1 gene mRNA was constructed successfully.

Objective: To construct eukaryotic expression vector of F-box protein 6 (FBXO6) gene., Methods: The full-length FBXO6 cDNA containing two restriction sites (BglII and EcoRI) was synthesized by PCR. The pEGFP-C1-FBXO6 and pEGFP-C1-anti-FBXO6 vectors were constructed respectively. The size and sequence of cDNA fragments were confirmed by bacterial colony PCR and BglII and EcoRI digestion and sequencing. HEK293T cells were transfected with the pEGFP-C1-FBXO6 and pEGFP-C1-anti-FBXO6 vectors respectively, and then the expression of FBXO6 protein was detected using Western blotting., Results: The pEGFP-C1-FBXO6 and pEGFP-C1-anti-FBXO6 contained FBXO6 fragments of proper size and sequence. FBXO6 protein was expressed efficiently in pEGFP-C1-FBXO6 transfected HEK293T cells, but it was down-regulated in pEGFP-C1-anti-FBXO6 transfected 293T cells., Conclusion: Both pEGFP-C1-FBXO6 and pEGFP-C1-anti-FBXO6 were successfully constructed.

Objective: To explore the role of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) gene in erythroid differentiation of erythroleukemia K562 cells induced by retinoic acid (RA)., Methods: K562 cells were cultured in the presence of 1 µmol/L RA for varying lengths of time, and γ-globin mRNA expression and hemoglobin content in the cells were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, respectively, to evaluate the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to examine AQP1 expression in the cells following RA treatment. A retroviral expression vector of AQP1 small interfering RNA (pSUPER-retro-puro-shAQP1) was constructed and transfected into K562 cells to establish a K562 cell line with stable AQP1 down-regulation (K562-shAQP1), in which the changes in γ-globin and hemoglobin expressions after RA treatment were detected., Results: RA treatment significantly increased γ-globin and hemoglobin expressions in K562 cells (P<0.01), causing also significantly enhanced AQP1 mRNA and protein expressions over time (P<0.01). Transfection with the recombinant plasmids pSuper-retro-puro-shAQP1 resulted in stable AQP1 suppression in K562 cells (P<0.01), which showed markedly reduced γ-globin and hemoglobin expressions after RA induction as compared to the control K562 cells (P<0.01)., Conclusion: K562 cells show a significant increase of AQP1 expression after RA-induced erythroid differentiation, and suppression of AQP1 expression can partially block the effect of RA, suggesting the important role of AQP1 in RA-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells.

Background and Objective: Lung adenocarcinoma (AC) is the most common type of lung cancer, however, its mechanism of oncongenesis is still unknown. The aim of this study is to screen candidate genes of lung adenocarcinoma using bioinformatics strategy and elucidate the mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma., Methods: Two published microarray data (GSE7670 and GSE10072) was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Significance analysis of microarrays was performed with the software dchip, and differential expression genes from dchip analysis were defined as "test gene set". Genes correlated with lung adenocarcinoma, obtained by data mining tools genecard and Fable were regarded as "train gene set". Finally, candidate genes of lung adenocarcinoma were screened by the tool "Toppgene"., Results: Three hundred and forty-four differential genes were defined as "test gene set", and 277 genes correlated with lung adenocarcinoma were regarded as "train gene set". Thirty-six candidate genes were screened out by Toppgene, among them, 21 genes had nearly no report in cancer. In the following QRT-PCR experiment, CD36, PMAIP1 and FABP4 were down-regulated expression in A549, which coincided with the gene chip., Conclusion: It is demonstrated that Toppgene is useful in identification of the candidate genes of lung adenocacinoma, which provides the proof for the discovery of the specific disease genes.

Fluorescent Linear Labelling technique is an effective, single-tube and linear amplification method. The sample cDNA was synthesized from total RNA, and was labelled antisense cRNA from double-stranded cDNA with T7RNA polymerase; it can be used for hybridization to oligonucleotide biochip. Fluorescent Linear Labelling Method can result in 50- to 100-fold higher degrees of amplification, and has been shown to retain information on transcript abundance, thus making it an efficient, robust technique for fluorescent labelling on biochip.

Objective: To exploit resources of purple sulfur bacteria and their photosynthetic genes., Methods: A purple sulfur bacterium strain 283-1 of okenone-containing, halophilic, high sulfide tolerance was isolated by agar dilution method in Pfennig medium from photolithoautotrophic enrichments of Dongfeng saltern, Qingdao, China., Results: Cells of strain 283-1 were Gram-negative, halophile, straight or slightly curved rods, motile by monopolar single flagella, no gas vacuoles, carotenoid of okenone series and bacteriochlorophylla as photosynthetic pigment, purple red. It could photolithoautotrophically grow under anoxic condition in the light with sulfide as electron donor, sulfur globules accumulate as intermediate oxidation product and stored in the form of highly refractile globules inside the cells. The strain 283-1 belonged to Gammaproteobacteria, Chromatiales, Chroamtiaceae, genus of Marichromatium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence also confirmed that strain 283-1 belonged to Marichromatium genus. However, the physiological characteristics of strain 283-1 were significantly different from four species of the genus Marichromatium. NaCl requirement range from 1% to 15%, good growth was observed at 7.5 mmol x L-(-1) NaS x 9H2O, 45 degrees C, 5000 lux and pH 9.0, a number of organic substances of C3 and C4 of TCA cycles and gluconate could be photoassililated in the presence of sulfide, no growth factors were required., Conclusion: On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and its morphological and physiological characteristics, strain 283-1 is a new isolate of Marichromatium genus, named as Marichromatium sp. 283-1.

To study the technology for establishing DNA microarrays for the diagnosis of HPV. HPV6, 11, 16 and 18 gene fragments were isolated and printed onto aminosilane-coated glass slides by PixSys 5500 microarray printer as probes to prepare the HPV. HPV samples, after labeled with Cy3 or Cy5, were hybridaized with the microarray followed by scanning for analysis. The experimental condition for preparing the HPV gene chips was investigated and the possibility of HPV genotying using DNA microarrays was discussed. The technique established in this study for preparing HPV DNA microarrays is applicable and has potential clinical application significance.