Search

Emulsification is one of the main mechanisms of chemical flooding to enhance oil recovery in heavy oil reservoirs. The emulsification of heavy oil in porous media is closely related to reservoir temperature and oil-displacing agent concentration. The relationship between the critical concentration and temperature of the oil-displacing agent required to form oil in water （O/W） emulsions in heavy oil was studied by emulsification experiment. The emulsification and migration rules of crude oil during chemical flooding of heavy oil were studied by using high-temperature and high-pressure microscopic visual oil displacement devices. The results show that a higher temperature in the emulsification experiment indicates that the crude oil is easier to emulsify， and the critical emulsification concentration of the required oil-displacing agent is lower. The critical emulsification concentration decreases by 90% when the temperature increases from 30 °C to 90 °C during the experiment. There are three modes of emulsification of heavy oil in porous media during microscopic oil displacement experiments for chemical flooding of heavy oil： the emulsification mode of heavy oil shows dispersion， migration， and coalescence at the throat in porous media when the concentration of the oil-displacing agent is less than the critical emulsification concentration of the oil-displacing agent required for heavy oil emulsification at this temperature； the emulsification mode of heavy oil indicates emulsification， migration， re-emulsification， and re-migration when the concentration of the oil-displacing agent is greater than the critical emulsification concentration of the oil-displacing agent required for heavy oil emulsification at this temperature； the emulsification mode of heavy oil is manifested as contact， stripping， and migration when the concentration of the oil-displacing agent is much larger than the critical emulsification concentration of the oil-displacing agent required for heavy oil emulsification at this temperature. Therefore， the concentration of the oil-displacing agent should be increased as much as possible to achieve efficient emulsification of heavy oil and improve oil recovery under the premise of controlling the cost when chemical flooding of heavy oil is carried out.

A new type of rotary reducer is urgently needed in engineering to improve the low efficiency of single point drive operation for flat single axis photovoltaic tracking brackets, in order to adapt to complex environments and reduce costs. For this purpose, a cylindrical worm helical gear toroidal worm multi-point drive rotary reducer is designed, and performance testing and analysis are conducted. Firstly, analyze and compare the installation position and transmission mechanism of the multi-point drive rotary reducer with that of the single point drive. Secondly, the performance of the rotary reducer under rated output torque and overturning torque is numerically simulated using Romax software, and a comprehensive performance testing platform for the rotary reducer is built to test the transmission performance of the prototype under rated output torque and overturning torque. The results show that multi-point drive can withstand larger loads compared to single point drive, and the overall stability of the tracking bracket is stronger; the larger the rated output torque value, the greater the stress value of the worm gear; the overall stress value and deformation of the secondary transmission mechanism under the overturning torque meet the actual working condition requirements; the experimental test does not cause significant damage inside the reducer, and the simulation and experimental results are in good agreement. The design of the rotary reducer meets the practical working characteristics of the flat single axis photovoltaic tracking bracket under harsh working conditions, and can provide theoretical reference and support for improving the photovoltaic conversion efficiency construction of photovoltaic power stations.

Objective To analyze the application effects of rubber dam isolation technology in chairside computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) ceramic inlay repair treatment. Methods A total of 90 patients who received chairside CAD/CAM ceramic inlay repair treatment in the hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 45 cases in each group. The control group did not use rubber dams to block moisture in the treatment, but used cotton rolls to block moisture, and the experimental group used rubber dams to block moisture in the treatment. The treatment time and the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups were compared. Results The inlay crown restoration of the experimental group and the control group was good in crown edge, adhesion and occlusal relationship. The treatment time of the experimental group was (118. 83±19. 15)min, which was shorter than (141. 26±11. 74)min of the control group, with a significant difference (P＜0. 05). There was a case of adverse reaction reported in the control group. Conclusion The rubber dam isolation technology can effectively reduce the treatment time of CAD/CAM porcelain inlays at the chairside. (目的 研究橡皮障隔离技术在椅旁计算机辅助设计(CAD)/计算机辅助制作(CAM)瓷嵌体修复治疗中的应用效果。方法 选择2020年1月—2022年1月医院牙体牙髓科行椅旁CAD/CAM瓷嵌体修复治疗的患者60例, 随机分为研究组和对照组, 各30例。对照组按照常规流程操作, 使用常规方法进行术野隔离; 研究组在操作治疗中运用橡皮障隔离技术。比较两组总治疗时间和不良反应发生情况。结果 两组患者的嵌体冠修复体在冠边缘、密合性、咬合关系等方面均良好。研究组总治疗时间(118. 83±19. 15)min, 较对照组(141. 26±11. 74)min缩短, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05); 研究组无不良反应发生, 对照组发生1(3. 33%)例不良反应。结论 橡皮障隔离技术可有效缩短椅旁 CAD/CAM 瓷嵌体修复治疗时间。)

Objective To explore the implementation effect of scenario simulation teaching method in the clinical teaching practice of oral medicine for nursing students. Methods A total of 68 nursing students who participated in clinical internship were selected, all of whom are full-time students majoring in oral nursing. Nursing students with internship between January 2021to December 2021 were allocated into the control group, receiving a routine teaching method during clinical practice. Nursing students with internship from January 2022 to December 2022 were included as the study group, receiving the scenario simulation teaching method. To investigate nursing students' knowledge and practices of oral care, and to evaluate their satisfaction with clinical teaching environment. Results The comprehensive test score of the nursing students in the study group (94. 51±5. 02) was higher than that of the control group (89. 32±5. 93), with a significant difference (P＜0. 05). In terms of the clinical environment practice evaluation, the study group achieved higher scores than the control group in aspects of teaching methods, learning opportunities, and organizational support, and the results were statistically different (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Scenario simulation teaching improves the clinical theoretical knowledge and clinical practice level of oral medicine nursing students, and also improves the satisfaction of nursing students with clinical practice environment. (目的 探讨情景模拟教学法在口腔内科护生临床教学实践中的应用效果。方法 选取2021年1月—12月北京大学口腔医院牙体牙髓科实习的34名护生为对照组, 另选取2022年1月—12月实习的34名护生为研究组。对照组实施口腔内科常规临床护理教学法, 研究组实施情景模拟教学法。分别于入科时和出科前对两组护生进行理论与操作考核, 比较两组对临床学习环境的满意度。结果 两组出科考试成绩均高于入科时, 研究组护生综合考试成绩(94. 51±5. 02)分, 高于对照组的(89. 32±5. 93)分, 差异有统计学差异(P＜0. 05)。研究组护生对教学方法、学习机会、组织支持维度的临床学习环境评价满意度高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 情景模拟教学不仅有助于提高口腔内科护生临床理论知识和临床操作水平, 且临床学习环境更好, 起到了教学相长的作用, 值得推广应用。)

In order to adapt to the management mode of the products pipeline network under the new system, set up a service-oriented pipeline system and make for the universality of batch tracking technology, a discussion was made about the products pipeline batch interface tracking technology under the PipeChina system. First of all, the oil batch coding rules and operation terms were standardized from the perspective of information level, which is favorable to the popularization and application. In terms of the development environment, it was considered an effective way to apply online real-time tracking to the accuracy improvement of products pipeline batch interface tracking software(hereinafter referred to as the tracking software), as well as the best way to develop the tracking software on the domestic SCADA system. In respect of technical scheme design, an interface tracking method with 50% concentration point(vol%) was determined and a design was made to the function and flow of tracking software. In response to the key challenges, the accuracy, calibration and error correction of batch tracking were analyzed and verified by the field application results. The customization and universality of the tracking software were discussed from three aspects: data system, oil transportation technology and model coefficient. As a result, an idea was proposed to design the tracking software interface from the software function level. Generally, the research results lay a foundation for the research on accurate products pipeline batch interface tracking technology and the opening of a new control mode of products pipeline network.

Objective To explore the key points of four-handed procedure and nursing cooperation in the application of iRoot BP plus under dental microscope. Methods A total of 108 patients who underwent apical barrier surgery in our hospital from 2018 to 2019 were retrospectively selected. The apical barrier was established using iRoot BP plus under the dental microscope, and the treatment was completed with four-handed procedure. Results The four-handed procedure and related nursing cooperation were smoothly taken. Immediately after operation, X-ray films showed that the filling results reached the standard, and the treatment effect was satisfactory. The treatment time was shortened and work efficiency was improved. Conclusion The apical barrier technique with iRoot BP plus under the dental microscope requires fine, precise operation, and requires high chairside care. High-quality four-handed procedure and nursing cooperation, can improve the overall work efficiency, shorten the treatment time, thus help the doctors to complete the treatment more smoothly. (目的 探究显微镜下联合应用iRoot BP plus实施根尖屏障术的四手操作护理配合要点。方法 回顾医院牙体牙髓科2018年—2019年进行根尖屏障术治疗的患者108例, 均于显微镜下联合使用iRoot BP plus建立根尖屏障, 采用四手操作式护理配合完成治疗。结果 四手操作护理配合过程顺利, 术后即刻X线片显示充填结果均达到标准, 治疗效果满意。椅旁治疗时间明显缩短, 工作效率显著提高。结论 显微镜下联合使用iRoot BP plus建立根尖屏障术治疗难度大, 需要精细、精准的操作, 对椅旁护理要求高。优质的四手操作护理配合, 可以提高整体工作效率、缩短治疗时间, 配合医生更好地完成治疗。)

Background All levels of China gevernment departments have attached importance to community health management services, an important way for disease prevention and resident saveealth improvement, and successively promulgated relevant management policies. However, there is a lack of systematic review and research on the diffusion paths and characteristics of these policies, which are still unclear due to the diversity of promulgating agencies and types of polices. Objective To explore the process and features of the diffusion of China community health management policies, providing a reference for the formulation and promotion of these kinds of policies. Methods From June to September 2021, we searched policy documents related to community health management services published from January 1997 to September 2021 in the official websites of all levels of government and health administrative departments, as well as authoritative databases such as PKULAW.com and so on, then quantitatively analyzed the process and features of diffusion of them in terms of four aspects (intensity, breadth, speed, and direction of diffusion) using policy network analysis and keyword analysis by time series. Results A total of 1 540 policies related to community health management were retrieved (including 159 central policies and 1 381 local policies) . The development of community health management services in China may be divided into five stages: germination (1997—2004) , formation (2005—2008) , transition (2009—2012) , initial development (2013—2015) and innovation and development (2016—2021) . Policies which were diffused more intensively and widely were promulgated by central agencies of higher administrative levels, and mainly classified as planning, opinions, and laws. The absolute diffusion breadth of the top 10 policies in terms of diffusion intensity exceeded 30, and the absolute diffusion breadth of the top 10 policies in terms of spreading breadth exceeded 20. The diffusion speed of most policies showed a trend of first increasing and then slowing down over time. The diffusion of Chinese medicine health management policies mainly presented parallel diffusion among policy promulgating agencies at the same level, and top-to-bottom diffusion from the central policy promulgating agencies to the local ones. Conclusion Through policy diffusion research, we had a comprehensive understanding of the process and characteristics of diffusion of China's community health management policies, and drew a number of conclusions, including the five-stage development of these policies, and the policy diffusion process may be affected by the attributes of the administrative level of the promulgating agencies and types of policies. In addition, the diffusion of these policies could be achieved via multiple paths, with many mechanisms of action such as learning and imitation, with a speed of "first increasing, then slowing down" over time.

Objective This study is undertaken to elucidate the protective effect and molecular mechanism of genipin against cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to three groups: vehicle-treated sham group, vehicle-treated CLP group, and genipin-treated CLP group. Genipin (2.5 mg/kg) and vehicle (0.9% saline) were respectively administered to corresponding group via the tail vein at 0 h and 20 h after the CLP. First, for the survival experiment, mortality was monitored up to 120 h after the CLP procedure. Second, based on the survival test, 36 h time point after CLP was selected for further tests. The serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were detected by enzym-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological damages to lung and liver tissue were detected by hematoxylineosin staining (HE staining). The expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins such as glucose regulated protein78 (GRP78), protein kinase r-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), p-eukaryotic initation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were determined by Western Blot. Detection of splenocyte apoptosis was performed by using the terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. Results Compared with the vehicle-treated CLP group, genipin significantly improved the survival of septic mice, decreased the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and alleviated histopathological damages to lung and liver such as edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, genipin significantly downregulated the expression levels of splenic GRP78, PERK, p-eIF2α, and CHOP, and lessened ERinduced splenocyte apoptosis. Conclusion Genipin significantly attenuates sepsis-induced organ injury and the excessive inflammatory response and improves the outcome of sepsis. The effect mechanisms of genipin against sepsis are probably associated with decreasing splenocyte apoptosis by attenuating ER stress to further block the ER stress-induced apoptosis.

Build upon the dynamic-heterogeneous-redundant architecture for multi-body execution, multi-mode ruling and multi-dimension reconstruction, cyberspace mimic defense (CMD) uses uncertain system to deal with the uncertain threat to cyberspace ubiquity.The evolution of CMD over the past 8 years were reviewed systematically from the vertical, horizontal, current, developing and future perspectives.From the vertical perspective, the development process of CMD from concept to theory and practice was summarized.From the horizontal view, it elaborated the core structure DHR (dynamical heterogeneous redundancy) of CMD, the principles based on CMD’s three major theorems, safety gains and performance costs.A comparison was conducted between CMD and five other active defense technologies, namely intrusion tolerance, moving target defense, zero trust architecture, trusted computing and computer immunology.From the current perspective, it reviewed the implementation elements, performance, system architecture, heterogeneous strategies, scheduling strategies, voting strategies and other common technology patterns and characteristics of 11 types of main existing mimic products including mimicry router, mimicry processor, mimicry DNS server and mimicry cloud platform.From the developing perspective, it explored the “mimic+” AICDS (Mimic + AI/IoT/Cloud/Data/SDN) symbiotic ecology with respect to 5 types of new technologies, namely artificial intelligence, Internet of things, cloud computing, big data and software-defined network, and proposed the corresponding technology junctions and cross research value.From the future perspective, it looked into the future mimicry baseline 2.0 product ecology, “mimic +5G/6G”, “mimic + edge computing”,“mimic + cloud” and “mimic + blockchain” application scenarios.Besides, 4 types of challenges faced by CMD in the future were analyzed and summarized, including escape space of multi-mode decision attack, mutual restriction of heterogeneous and synchronous, difficult balance between security and function, and limited transformation space of existing endogenous security components.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) exercise therapy is an important branch of TCM nursing. This paper summarized and combed the history origin of the TCM exercise therapy, and briefly discussed its development and application of theory in seven main historical stages. The TCM exercise therapy mainly focuses on treatment, and gradually incorporates the purpose of prevention, fitness and rehabilitation, which guides human exercise practice. (中医运动疗法是中医护理的重要分支。本文总结并梳理了中医运动疗法发展的历史源流, 简述其发展及应用经历的七个主要历史阶段。中医运动疗法以治疗为主, 逐渐纳入预防、健身、康复的目的, 指导着人类的运动实践。)

Due to the poor salt resistance of polyaerylamide polymers, the technology of polymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery in high calcium and magnesium reservoirs is limited. By introducing the suspended microcrystalline polymer system, it becomes beneficial for the injection of water containing the high- concentration calcium and magnesium ions. The self-developed tackifier turns the calcium and magnesium ions into microcrystals, and associates the microcrystals with polymer molecules to form a local network. The structure of the three-dimensional macromolecules has the properties of anti-calcium and magnesium, thickening, and the increased viscosity of the polymer solution. The optimum concentration of dispersant and crystallization agent in suspended microcrystalline polymer system is 0.2% and 0.3%, respectively. The polymer is preferably hydrophobic associative polyaerylamide polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refined domain text analysis is an important prerequisite for high-quality domain knowledge acquisition.It usually relies on a large number of some form of semantic grammars,but summarizing them is often time-consuming and labor-intensive.In this paper,an automatic learning method of semantic grammar based on fault-tolerant Earley parsing algorithm is proposed,which automatically generates new semantic grammars (including lexicons and grammar production rules) according to seed grammar to reduce labor costs.This method uses the optimized fault-tolerant Earley parser to perform fault-tolerant parsing on the input statements,and then generates candidate semantic grammars based on the parse tree generated by the fault-tolerant parsing.Finally,the candidate semantic grammars are filtered or corrected to obtain the final semantic grammars.In the experiment of five TCM medical records with different diseases,the precision rate of learning new lexicons is 63.88%,and precision rate of learning new grammar production rules is 81.78%.

According to the characteristics of time memory effect of initial velocity of gas bearing coal under the action of electric field, the experimental system of gas emission measurement is established to study the memory effect of different metamorphic degree and damage type of coal under electrostatic field. The experimental results show that the electrostatic field can increase the gas emission capacity of coal. With the increase of voltage, the initial gas emission speed increases first and then decreases, and reaches the maximum value under a certain characteristic voltage and the characteristic voltage of structural coal is larger than that of primary structural coal. Under the continuous load of 8 kV, the initial gas emission speed fluctuates up and down with the power on time, and the power is removed. After the field, the initial velocity of gas emission does not fall back to the state without power on, and the value of gas emission velocity is higher than the initial state, which has a certain time memory effect. The initial velocity of gas emission increases between 5% and 9% for anthracite coal after the electric field effect compared with that without electric field, and there is no obvious difference between the change of primary structural coal and structural coal;however, it is poor in the memory effect, the initial velocity of gas emission of coal with primary structure changes in 5%-8%, while that of structural coal changes in 13%-18%. The reason of time memory effect is that on the one hand, the coal surface is still in electrostatic state after the electrostatic field, and the electric traction force on the coal surface is stronger than that without power on, which causes the increase of gas adsorption and then acts on the gas emission; on the other hand, under the electric field, the coal will generate induced polarization charge to form the excitation electric field, which will continue to affect the gas emission after the loss of electric field to promote the desorption of coal gas.

In order to understand the function of cyclophilin family OsCYP22 from Oryza sativa L., the yeast two hybrid bait vector of OsCYP22 was constructed and proteins interacting with OsCYP22 were screened by yeast two hybrid. The results showed that noself-activating activity and toxicity of OsCYP22 bait vector to yeast cells were detected., among which 38 positive colonies were obtained by yeast two hybrid screening. Combining sequencing analysis and bioinformatics methods, 20 candidates that may interact with OsCYP22 were screened. Further validation of the full-length interactions between OsCYP22 and OsCSN5 and OsRUB1 related to the regulation of plant root growth was conducted. The results showed that OsCSN5 interacted with OsCYP22 in yeast. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study of the biological function of OsCYP22. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : To investigate the effect and mechaniSm of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on inteStinal injury in Sepsis rats. Methods: 332 Male SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group (Sham group), sepsis group (CLP group), sepsis + EGCG group (EGCG group) and sepsis + GSK2606414 intervention group (GSK group), with 8 rats in each group. In Sham group, only the cecum was observed and the abdomen was closed immediately after laparotomy. Caecal ligation and perforation were performed in CLP group. EGCG group was intraperitoneally injected 50 mg/kg of EGCG after CLP. The GSK group was given 100 mg/kg of GSK2606414 per day for one week before CLP. The 4 groups of rats were killed 24 h after the modeling, and serum and intestinal tissue samples were collected and preserved. The pathological changes of intestinal tract in rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays was used to detect the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 in serum of rats. The positive area percentage of phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), CCAAT enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), aspartate-specific cysteine proteinase-12 (Caspase-12) and Claudin-1 (Clau-din-1) in intestinal tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of p-PERK, R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), CHOP, Caspase-12 and Claudin-1 in rat intestinal tissues were detected by Western blotting. Results: The intestinal villi structure of CLP group was seriously damaged, and a large number of inflammatory cells could be seen under the microscope. The pathological injury of EGCG and GSK groups was less than that of CLP group, and the Chiu's score of CLP group was significantly higher than that of EGCG and GSK group (P<0.05). Serum levels of IL-1 and IL-6 in CLP group were significantly higher than those in Sham group, and serum levels of inflammatory factors in EGCG group and GSK group were significantly lower than those in CLP group (P<0.05). The percentage of positive area of P-PERK, CHOP and Caspase-12 in the intestinal tissue of rats in CLP group was significantly higher than that in Sham group, while the percentage of positive area in EGCG group and GSK group was significantly lower than that in CLP group (P<0.05). The percentage of Claudin-1 positive area in intestinal tissue of rats in CLP group was significantly lower than that in Sham group, and the percentage of positive area in intestinal tissue of rats in EGCG group and GSK group was significantly higher than that in CLP group (P<0.05). The expression levels of P-PERK, CHOP and Caspase-12 in the intestinal tissues of rats in CLP group were higher than those in Sham group, and the above levels in EGCG and GSK groups were lower than those in CLP group (P<0.05). The expression level of Claudin-1 protein in the intestinal tissues of CLP group was lower than that of Sham group, and the above indexes in EGCG and GSK groups were higher than those in CLP group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Epigallocatechin gallate has certain therapeutic effect on intestinal injury in sepsis, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) apoptotic pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the large-scale commercial use of the global 5G network and the rapid growth of mobile Internet traffic, more abundant wireless spectrum resources can be released, and the demand for high-speed optical modules in wireless front-haul networks is increasingly prominent. Focusing on the key technologies of 50 Gbit/s front-haul optical modules, two main networking methods were deeply analyzed, the typical transmission distance and link loss were analyzed, the maximum and minimum dispersion values of coarse wave division multiplexing (CWDM) wavelengths in a 10 km scenario were explored, and the corresponding dispersion compensation strategies were studied. Through experiments, the changes in optical power penalty of different multi-path interference (MPI) were verified, and the potential impact of MPI noise on error performance was analyzed in detail. In addition, deep research on the optoelectronic chip scheme of 50 Gbit/s modules was conducted, the parameters of various types of optical modules were rigorously tested, standardized suggestions for the optoelectronic interface parameters of 50 Gbit/s front-haul modules were proposed, the current standard status of 50 Gbit/s modules at home and abroad was detailed, and the development trend of future applications was prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STPA (systems theoretic process analysis) is a kind of system engineering method, which can be used for the complex system to analyze its safety. However at present, the method is not in practical use and cannot well reflect the advanced nature and applicability of the method. By analyzing and comparing the STPA method with the analysis process in ARP4761, the conformity of STPA to GJB900A-2012 general requirements for equipment safety work is analyzed, which reflects the great advantages and applicability of STPA method and discovers its shortcomings. Some improvement measures are proposed in building functional control structure, identifying unsafe control behaviors and analyzing causes. The conclusion and proposed method can provide the theoretical and process guidance which is in line with the high-tech characteristics of modern aircraft and worthy of reference for the system-level safety design of complex aviation products. It deepens the integration of theory and practice, and provides reference for the further improvement of STPA method.

In the intelligent diagnosis of planetary gearbox faults,the issue of "difficult extraction"of the vibration signal characteristics,the"quality difference"of the constructed eigenvector set and the"low precision"of the fault classification model based on the extreme learning machine. Put forward a state identification method for a planetary gearbox solar wheel for how to capture sensitive transient impact feature in the vibration signal and construct a high-dimensional eigenvector set and improve the fault classification accuracy of the extreme learning machine. Firstly,the vibration signals are respectively solved by fast kurtosis diagram and variational mode decomposition and several intrinsic mode function matching the center frequency fωcorresponding to the maximum kurtosis value are selected,find the value of improve multi-scale permutation entropy to construct the highdimensional eigenvector set. Secondly,the de-noising automatic encoder is used to make the input weight and threshold of the implicit learning node of the extreme learning machine satisfy the orthogonal condition to realize the layering of its hidden layers.Finally,the above eigenvector set is used as the input of the hierarchical extreme learning machine,and the fault classification model of the planetary gearbox solar wheel is established through training. The results show that the proposed method achieves the effective extraction of sensitive transient impact feature in the vibration signal of the solar wheel and the high quality construction of the eigenvector set,and also improves the classification accuracy of the intelligent diagnosis model.

In order to promote the strategy of potato staple food, this paper investigates the effect of potato starch addition on the dough characteristics, cooking, textural and digestive properties of fermented noodles by adding different levels of potato starch. The results showed that with the increase of potato starch addition (0%-55%), the gelatinization initial temperature of the mixed powder decreases, the enthalpy value increases, and the termination temperature does not change significantly. The water absorption, formation time and stabilization time of the flour mix dough all tended to de-crease and the dough tended to be more of a solid material, resulting in a significant decrease in the firmness, elasticity and chewiness of the fermented noodles (P<0.05). By simulated in vitro starch digestion, the rate of starch hydrolysis was found to increase with the addition of potato starch, and the predicted value of glycemic index was significantly lower with the addition of potato starch compared to the control group (P<0.05). In summary, the pasting, textural and digestive characteristics of the flour dough mix and fermented noodles were better at 45% potato starch addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printing is particularly important to take adequate advantage of emerging processing technologies and food ingre-dients. This paper introduced the structural characteristics of plant-based nanocellulose and its functional properties com-patible with 3D printing, including high mechanical strength, convenient surface modification, suitability for printing rhe- ological properties, and favorable biosafety, analyzed the properties and uses of both types of two types of plant-based nanocellulose printing inks, hydrogels and emulsions, summarized its application status in food additives, food packaging, food freshness indicators, functional substance carrier, provided an outlook for the future of preparing emerging functional foods and smart food packaging, and made a prospect in order to provide a referential for future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To develop a way of accurately, and quickly, distinguishing the sex of Brithys crini pupae and adults, and determine the daily timing of reproductive behavior in this pest. [Methods] The length, width and weight of pupae were measured and the sex of emergent adults recorded. In addition, the courtship and mating behavior of adults of different ages were studied. [Results] Female pupae have genital pores on the 8th and 9th ventral segments, and the 8th ventral segment does not heal. The genital pore of male pupae is located on the 9th abdominal segment, and there are obvious semicircular protuberances on either side of the genital pore. Courtship and mating behavior occurred during the dark phase of the photoperiod. Female courtship behavior began 2 hours after dark, and peaked 4 to 8 hours after dark. Females began mating 4 hours after dark, and mating reached its peak 6 to 9 hours after dark. Females began to display courtship behavior at 1 day of age. The older the adult, the lower the mating rate but the longer the mating time. Females could lay eggs in different reproductive states. The life span of adult females was longer than that of males in the same reproductive state. [Conclusion] The sex identification of B. crini pupae could be distinguished by the difference of genital pore. The courtship and mating behaviors are closely related to the age of adults, and there is a certain time coordination between them. The mating behavior could significantly affect the number of eggs and longevity of adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the essential criteria of assessment to welding toughness,CTOD（ Crack tip opening displacement） is widely applied in engineering.The research on critical CTOD of big thickness and high strength steels has been a hot issue,therefore the theoretical research in China lags behind its overseas.The present paper takes the single edge fatigue precrack of CTOD specimen as a flaw based on the technical route of the British Standard 7910-2005,which is "Guide to methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structures".In the meanwhile,make the grading assessments of the HAZ of the60 mm thick EQ70 steel welded joints,combining the results of the CTOD tests.The CGHAZ microstructures of EQ70 steel welded joints has been analyzed by SEM.The assessments on welded joints of EQ70 show that the CTOD values are in the acceptable range.And there are some fine microstructures good for the toughness of the welded joint.This method provides a useful guidance in researches of critical CTOD.

The increasing application of solid phase microextraction (SPME) technology has improved the development of various fields. The advantages of this technology are that it facilitates on-site sampling and sample preparation, realizes high-throughput automatic operation, and can be combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for remote monitoring. Further improvements to the speed, efficiency and specificity of this technology are, however, still required. SPME has now been applied to plant and insect volatiles, insect sex pheromones and egg volatiles. Here, we summarize the methods, disadvantages and advantages of solid-phase microextraction, and the optimal extraction materials for different insect semio-chemicals. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference for the selection of optimal methods and materials, thereby increasing the speed and efficiency of sample preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the preparation of forage grade wheat oligopeptide by dual enzymatic method. The peptide content of food grade protease and feed grade protease was compared, and the best compound enzyme was selected. On basis of single factor experiment, orthogonal experiment was used to optimize enzymolysis conditions and determine the content of soluble small peptides. The results showed that the enzyme hydrolysis condition was 12% of gluten, pH value of 7.0, neutral protease and alkaline protease added of 3% each, hydrolysis 5 h. Under these conditions, the content of soluble small peptide was 84.34%. The weight average molecular weight of wheat was 764 Da determined by HPLC, and 87.19% of wheat oligopeptide with molecular weight less than 1 000 Da. The results show that the use of feed-grade protease enzyme can significantly increase the content of wheat oligopeptide and reduce the cost, which has the potential to be used as a functional feed additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macromolecule networks were introduced into the networks of normal sopping swelling materials by redesigning the materials molecule structure, and thus forming materials with the characteristics of retarding swelling, high strength and the structure of interpenetrating networks. The microscopic structure of the materials was analyzed by TEM and SEM, and the homogeneous structure of interpenetrating networks was observed from TEM and SEM images. Its static water absorption performance and mechanical performance after water absorption indicate that the total swelling time of the retarding swelling particles, which can be suspended and dispersed in water, is more than 20 days. After swelling, the modulus of elasticity (G′) of the sample is over 104 Pa, higher than that of the general swellable particle diversion agent. The excellent deep part injection and plugging performances were confirmed by physical simulation experiments. These performances overcome the shortcomings of quick swelling, low strength and less placement depth. Key words: retarding swelling particles, swelling, strength, deep profile control, fluid diversion agent

Based on the CPFD method, the gas-solid two-phase flow in the internal circulating fluidized bed solid particle solar absorber is modeled. Combined with the P1 radiation model, the particle flow and heat transfer process in the absorber are studied, and the model is verified by experimental data. The particle flow and heat transfer process under forced internal recirculation of heat absorber is simulated, and the effects of gas mass flow rate, particle concentration and recirculation rate on particle flow and heat transfer in heat absorber are analyzed. The results show that the axial particle temperature increases with the increase of gas mass flow rate. With the increase of particle volume fraction, the outlet gas temperature and thermal efficiency increase, but when the particle volume fraction exceeds 0.06%, the increase of particle volume fraction leads to the decrease of net absorption capacity and outlet gas temperature of the absorber. With the increase of recirculation rate, the outlet gas temperature and thermal efficiency show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, which indicates that it is necessary to chose an appropriate recirculation rate to ensure the good performance of the heat absorber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using butyl titanate as titanium source and cerium nitrate as modifier, modified nano-Ti(32 particles with different Ce doping contents (0%, 0.3 mol%, 0.6 mol%, 0.9 mol%) were prepared by sol-gel method. The effects of different rare earth Ce doping on the phase structure, micro morphology, spectral properties and photocatalytic properties of nano-TiO2 parties were studied by XRD, SEM, UV-Vis, PL and photocatalytic tests. The results showed that the prepared nano-TiO2 particles were anatase phase with high crystallinity. After adding rare earth Ce, the morphology of nano-TiO2 parties gradually became regular spherical, and the grains were reined. When the doping amount of rare earth Ce was 0.6 mol%, the grain size of TiO2 particles was the most regular and the distribution was the most uniform. The absorption sideband of rare earth Ce doped nano-TiO2 particles had a red shift and the absorption sideband increased, and the doping of rare earth Ce effectively inhibited the recombination of electron hole pairs. The degradation efficiency of Cr("W) in heavy metal wastewater had been significantly improved by rare earth Ce modified nano-TiO2 particles, and when the doping amount of rare earth Ce was 0.6 mol%, the highest degradation efficiency of nano-TiO2 at 180 min was 92.7%, which was 166.4% higher than that of pure nano-TiO2. Comprehensive analysis showed that the optimum do¬ping ratio of rare earth Ce was 0.6 mol%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the water and nitrogen management mode of rice, pit rice planting experiments of combining deep percolation and nitrogen application are performed under controlled irrigation and drainage. The experiment is set up with two water treatments, low deep percolation L (3mm/d) and high deep percolation H (5 mm/d), and five levels of nitrogen application at N0 (0 kg/hm²), N1 (150 kg/hm²), N2 (225 kg/hm²), N3 (300 kg/hm²), N4 (375 kg/hm²) for the whole growth period, a total of 10 treatments. The effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on rice yield, quality and water-fertilizer use efficiency are explored. The results show that rice yield increases and then decreases with the increase in N application under the same deep percolation treatment, and reaches the maximum of L-N2 treatments, excessive nitrogen fertilizer input not only causes lower rice yield, but also decreases water-fertilizer use efficiency and eating quality. The low deep percolation treatment shows a trend of increasing yield compared with the high deep percolation treatment, while the low deep percolation treatment can effectively improve water use efficiency. Overall, the water-nitrogen management mode for the N2 treatment under the low deep percolation conditions is closest to the goal of high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency. This study is of great significance to strengthening the scientific management of water and nitrogen in agricultural fields, improving the water and nitrogen production efficiency and promoting the sustainable use of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to determine the content of gross energy, nutrients and detergent fibers for leaf samples of ramie, sugarcane, banana, cassava and mulberry collected from southern China. The results showed that the content of crude protein in cassava and mulberry leaves was greater than 20% dry matter (DM), thus potentially qualifying them as protein supplement feeds. The calcium content of ramie and mulberry leaves was greater than 2.0% DM, thus potentially qualifying them as calcium supplement feeds. The leaves of sugarcane and banana were relatively low in crude protein but high in detergent fibers, thus requiring chemical treatments prior to their uses as roughages. The experiment indicates that mulberry and cassava leaves can be used as protein feed materials, ramie leaves and mulberry leaves have the utilization value as supplementary Ca, sugarcane leaves and banana leaves need to be processed and prepared as raw materials for roughage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the expression changes of stimulator of interferon gene (STING), CC chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22), indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO)in the cervical cancer and to explore its clinical significance. Methods The surgically removed cervical cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 83 cases of patients with cervical cancer were selected. The expression levels of STING, CCL22 and IDO were detected by RT-qPCR. The differences in STING, CCL22 and IDO expression between the cervical cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were compared. The relationship between the expression of STING, CCL22, IDO and the clinicopathological features of cervical cancer, as well as the relationship between the expression of STING, CCL22, IDO and the prognosis of cervical cancer were analyzed. Results The relative expression levels of STING, CCL22 and IDO were higher in the cervical cancer tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues (all P < 0.05). The relative expression of STING in the cervical cancer tissues was positively correlated with the relative expression of CCL22 and IDO (r = 0.707, r = 0.614, both P < 0.05), while the relative expression of CCL22 was positively correlated with the relative expression of IDO (r = 0.601, P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of STING, CCL22 and IDO in the cervical cancer tissues were related to FIGO stage and tissue differentiation degree (all P < 0.05), but not to age, pathological type, depth of myometrial invasion or lymph node metastasis (all P > 0.05). According to the critical value which was the mean expression of STING, CCL22 and IDO in the cervical cancer tissues, the patients were divided into the high expression and low expression groups of STING, CCL22 and IDO, respectively. Among them, there were 41 patients with high expression of STING and 42 patients with low expression of STING, 40 patients with high expression of CCL22 and 43 patients with low expression of CCL22, and 42 patients with high expression of IDO and 41 patients with low expression of IDO. The overall 3-year survival rate of patients with high expression of STING, CCL22 and IDO was lower than that of patients with low expression (χ² = 4.444, 8.201 and 5.449, respectively, all P < 0.05). Conclusion The high expression of STING, CCL22 and IDO in cervical cancer tissues is related to FIGO stage, tissue differentiation degree and patients' prognosis, which may synergetically promote the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compound eye is the main visual organ of insects and has the function of sensing size, shape and color. Research on the compound eye's structure is the basis for understanding insect vision and the role of the visual cues in insect behavior. Compound eyes are usually categorized into two major types; apposition, and superposition, eyes. Superposition eyes perform well in low intensity light but have low resolution, whereas apposition eyes do not perform as well in low intensity light but have higher resolution. Most diurnal insects have apposition eyes whereas superposition eyes are mainly found in nocturnal species. Molecular biology, electroantennogram experiments and behavioral analyses reveal that insects are most sensitive to ultraviolet, blue and green light. Insects use celestial cues and ground targets for orientation and navigation, including the polarization of light from celestial bodies and the contrast between landmarks and background color. Different kinds of cues may be used simultaneously. Vision plays a crucial role in the process of finding hosts, mates and oviposition sites, and should not be underestimated in entomological research. Knowledge of phototaxis can provide a theoretical basis for the environmentally-friendly control of pests, such as developing species-specific traps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To decrease the ash and iron content in bituminous coal which is used for industrial silicon production. Taking the fine slime of one coal mine in Yunnan Province as research object, conducted the magnetic separation for deferrization and the flotation for deashing, obtained the best experimental condition, then conducted the deferrization and deashing test with flotation and magnetic separation at the same time. The best condition of the experiment is that the magnetic field intensity is 1. 701 T and the grain size of the coal slime is -0. 25 mm. Swap the experimental order on magnetic separation and flotation, compare the effects of different experimental order. The process of flotation first then magnetic separation has better economic benefits which saves a filtration. The industrial silicon production requires that the ash and iron of bituminous coal should be less than 6% and 0. 3%. When the clean coal productivity is 62. 08% after flotation, the ash and iron of final clean coal is 5. 94% and 0. 28% respectively which meets the demands of industrial silicon production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to analyze wire drawing force and wear conditions of laminated ceramic drawing die in 45# steel wire drawing process, Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2 laminated ceramic drawing die was prepared in vacuum hot pressing method. The drawing die was fixed on the universal drawing test machine for drawing experiment. The finite element models of 45 # steel wire and wire drawing die were built with SolidWorks and simulation analysis of drawing process were done with FEM simulation software. The axial stress, strain distribution and drawing force during deformation were got. The microstructure of the worn drawing die was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the composition was investigated by energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results show that the wear conditions of Al2O3-TiC-CaF2 material layers were serious than Al2O3-TiC. And because of the dragging effect, solid lubricating films formed in Al2O3-TiC-CaF2 material layers covered on Al2O3-TiC material layers. The drawing die owes self lubricating performance. The drawing force achieved by actual measurement coincided with the one calculated by formula, and the simulation result of drawing force was smaller than the measurement value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the effects of planting different kinds of plant hedgerow (Amorpha fruticosa, Vetiveria zizanioides, Eulaliopsis binata, and Medicago sativa) on the population dynamics of wheat aphid and its natural enemies in the hillside wheat fields in Ziyang City of Sichuan Province, Southwest China. On the 20° hillside, A. fruticosa hedgerow inhibited the occurrence of wheat aphid in the wheat field significantly, and the parasitoid densities were equal to or significantly lower than those in the wheat field with V. zizanioides hedgerow. On the 12° hillside, M. sativa and E. binata hedgerows delayed the peak time of wheat aphid occurrence, and E. binata hedgerow suppressed the wheat aphid population density significantly. In the wheat field with M. sativa hedgerow, the parasitoid densities were significantly higher than those with no hedgerow. An equal or significantly higher ladybird density was observed in the field with M. sativa hedgerow. The olfactory responses showed that E. binata volatiles had repellent effect on both Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi, but attracted a spider species of oxyopidae. M. sativa volatiles attracted S. avenae, whereas neither M. sativa nor E. binata volatiles caused obvious behavior response of ladybird adults. Therefore, planting A. fruticosa and E. binata as the hedgerows in hillside wheat fields could not only prevent the soil erosion from seasonal rainfall, but also benefit the control of pest insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the dispersive performance of aged asphalt mixture during hot in-place recycling of asphalt pavement and guarantee the hot in-place recycling construction quality, a simple and easy-doing blending and screening test was designed. By in-laboratory blending and screening tests, the influences of different heating temperatures, different blending time and recycling agents on the dispersive performances of aged asphalt mixtures were evaluated. The results indicated that, the heating temperature of 120 °C resulted better dispersive performance of aged asphalt mixture than 110 °C; the blending time of 2 rains resulted better dispersive performance of aged asphalt mixture than 1 min; and the recycling agent could improve the dispersive performance of aged asphalt mixture. Thus, higher heating temperature, longer blending time and good recycling agent can improve the construction quality of hot in-place recycling asphalt pavement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]