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ObjectiveThe concentration of enniatins （ENNs） in wheat flour from Gansu Province in 2022 was investigated.MethodsTotally 80 wheat flour samples were collected from 15 cities in the Gansu Province. The samples were statistic with national handbook for monitoring food contamination and hazardous factors. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis.ResultsThe detection rates of four toxins in wheat flour sold in Gansu Province were ENNB13.75% （11/80，13.75%），ENNB1 （9/80，11.25%）， ENNA and ENNA1（6/80，7.50%）. Non of ENNs was detected in the wheat flour samples from Wuwei， Baiyin and Dingxi in Gansu Province， and at least one ENNs was detected in the other 12 regions.ConclusionFour kinds of ENNs were detected in wheat flour in Gansu Province， but the contents were lower than that reported all of the world， which proved that the pollution degree of ENNs in wheat flour sold in Gansu Province was low.

Objective To investigate the current situation and potential influencing factors of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR)knowledge and first-aid skills among community-dwellings, and to evaluate the community-based CPR training program. Methods A random sample of 300 residents living in a certain community in Yingze District, Taiyuan were recruited for the field investigation. A community-based training group was established to provide CPR knowledge and first-aid skills training program for those recruited community-dwellings. The residents’ knowledge about CPR and related first-aid skills were assessed before and after training. Results A total of 300 valid questionnaires were received, and the recovery rate of survey was 93. 75%. The rates residents’ awareness about CPR theoretical knowledge such as diagnosis of sudden cardiac arrest were increased after training (P＜0. 01). The scores of CPR theory and first-aid skills evaluation after training were higher than those before training(P＜0. 01). Conclusion The community-based training is effective to improve the CPR awareness and first-aid skills among community-dwellings (目的 了解社区公众心肺复苏(CPR)认知现状及其影响因素, 探讨对社区公众进行CPR知识和急救技能培训的效果。方法 采用随机抽样方法对山西省太原市迎泽区共320名社区居民进行CPR相关知识的基线调查。成立院外CPR培训小组, 对社区居民进行CPR知识和急救技能培训。对比培训前和培训后社区居民对CPR理论知识和急救技能掌握情况。结果 共发放调查问卷320份, 回收300份, 回收有效率为93. 75%。培训后, 社区居民对心搏骤停判断、CPR体位等CPR理论知识知晓率较培训前提高, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。培训后, 社区居民CPR理论知识与实践技能考核成绩较培训前提高, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。结论 通过组建院外培训小组, 以社区为单位开展CPR知识和急救技能培训, 对社区公众掌握一定的急救技能及提高应急能力具有较好的效果。)

Nowadays, the full ocean depth submersible has become a focus of world marine research, and higher requirements are proposed for the mechanical properties of the pressure hull, the core component of a submersible, in the deep-sea environment. Upgrading the materials is one of the key ways to realize this goal. Due to such superior material properties as high specific strength and corrosion resistance, certain non-metallic materials such as composites, ceramics, glass, etc. are especially suitable for the manufacture of marine equipment, and show great potential for application to the pressure hull. This paper discusses the material requirements of deep-sea submersible pressure hulls, analyzes the advantages of composites, ceramics and glass in their material properties, briefly introduces the global development and application of various non-metallic materials in submersible pressure hulls, summarizes the technical problems currently faced and discusses avenues which deserve further study in this field.

Polypropylene (PP), as one of the three universal plastics, has been widely used in fields such as medical, automotive, and packaging, etc. The article reviewed the research progress of in-situ microfibrillar technology in PP foaming material, conductive material, and reinforcing and toughing PP in recent years. The results showed that by forming in-situ microfibrils in PP, the melt strength of PP can be improved, the merging of bubbles during the foaming process was reduced, the size of bubbles decreased and the density of bubbles increased, the foaming performance of PP was improved. By forming a conductive microfibrillar network structure in PP, the percolation threshold of PP composites can be effectively reduced. The in-situ formation of microfibrils can significantly improve the crystallization ability of PP, and some polymer microfibrils can induce the formation of shish kebab structure in PP, achieving reinforcement and toughening of PP, meawhile, under the synergistic effect of compatibilizers, its reinforcement and toughening effect on PP was more obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has the advantages of degradability, water solubility, no cytotoxicity, anti-mildew and insect prevention, and good mechanical properties. Antibacterial materials based on PVA have gradually become the focus of research. The research progress of new antibacterial materials prepared by PVA materials through embedding method, blending method, physical crosslinking method and graft copolymerization method is introduced. The application status of various methods of antibacterial properties of PVA materials such as film contact antibacterial method, plate diffusion method, scanning electron microscope observation method and fluorescence microscope observation method is analyzed. In the future, the composite application of multiple modification methods and composite evaluation of multiple evaluation methods can give full play to the synergistic antibacterial mechanism of antibacterial agents to solve the problems of poor sensitivity, repeatability and accuracy in the single evaluation process, so as to give PVA composite antibacterial materials more functions, such as pH response, freshness monitoring and oxidation resistance, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The inter-laboratory comparison results of occupational health testing laboratories in Gansu Province were analyzed to evaluate the testing capabilities and quality of occupational health testing laboratories in the province. Methods Laboratories participating in the inter-laboratory comparison of occupational health technical service organizations in Gansu Province during the period of 2019-2021 were selected for the study, and the test results of the levels of organic substances, metals, and inorganic non-metallic chemicals in the air of the workplaces, metal chemicals in biological materials, and the levels of free silica in dust were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 272 comparison items were conducted from 2019 to 2021, and 242 items were reported and 220 were qualified, for a qualification rate of 90.9%. The qualification rates of organic substances, metals, and inorganic non-metallic chemicals in the air of the workplaces, metal chemicals in biological materials, and the levels of free silica in dust were 91.4%, 88.6%, 97.9%, 92.9%, and 80.8%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the qualification rate between grade A and grade B institutions or between public and private institutions (P > 0.05). The qualification rate and the number of participating institutions increased year by year over this time, with the qualification rate increasing from 82.69% to 93.48% and the number of institutions increasing from 13 to 28. Conclusions The testing level of occupational health technical service organization laboratories in Gansu Province was good; however, the overall quality and level of laboratory testing still need to be improved, and investment in and management of various laboratories should be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate effect of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) on the reproductive outcomes of women of advanced maternal age (AMA) (≥38 years), and to analyze factors influencing the live birth rate in AMA women who have received PGT-A., Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. AMA women undergoing PGT-A were enrolled in the PGT-A group. All of them underwent their first oocyte retrieval cycle between January 2019 and June 2023. AMA women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) and their first oocyte retrieval cycle over the same period of time were enrolled in the control group (the non-PGT-A group) via propensity score matching. The PGT-A group and the non-PGT-A group each included 193 cycles, which were followed up until January 2024. Follow-up concerning live births was completed for all oocyte retrieval cycles conducted between January 2019 and October 2022. The reproductive outcomes were compared between the two groups. The primary outcome indicator was cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) per oocyte retrieval, while the secondary outcome indicators were cumulative clinical pregnancy rate (CCPR) per oocyte retrieval and spontaneous abortion rate. For the 145 cycles in the PGT-A group with completed live birth follow-up, binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the influencing factors of live birth rates., Results: A total of 145 cycles in the PGT-A group and 161 cycles in the non-PGT-A group completed follow-up for live births. The CLBR per oocyte retrieval of the PGT-A group was 25.52% (37/145), while that of the non-PGT-A group was 28.50% (46/161), with no significant difference being observed between the two groups ( P <0.05). Of the 193 oocyte retrieval cycles in each group, 53 cycles in the PGT-A group and 72 cycles in the non-PGT-A group resulted in clinical pregnancies, with the difference in the CCPR per oocyte retrieval being statistically significant (27.46% vs. 37.31%, P <0.05). Concerning clinical pregnancies, the spontaneous abortion rate of the PGT-A group was lower than that of the non-PGT-A group, with the difference being statistically significant (7.55% vs. 25.00%, P <0.05). In AMA women who had undergone PGT-A for reproductive assistance, maternal age (odds ratio [OR]=0.786, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.635-0.973) and the antral follicle count (AFC) (OR=1.110, 95% CI: 1.013-1.216) were correlated with the outcome of live births outcome. The probability of live births decreased with increasing maternal age and decreasing AFC. When the female age was ≥42 years or when AFC≤8, the expected live birth outcome of PGT-A assisted pregnancy was poor., Conclusion: PGT-A does not affect the CLBR per oocyte retrieval in AMA women, but it can effectively reduce the risks of implantation failure and spontaneous abortion due to fetal aneuploidies. For PGT-A-assisted pregnancy in AMA women, maternal age and AFC are important factors affecting the live birth outcomes., Competing Interests: 利益冲突　所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突, (© 2024《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2024 Editorial Office of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Purpose: To evaluation the effect of modified triangular flap-secondary healing (MTF-S) on the treatment of mandibular impacted wisdom teeth with full or partial bone impaction., Methods: A total of 207 patients with mandibular impacted wisdom teeth were selected in Shaoxing Stomatological Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023. Among them, 86 patients had completely impacted wisdom teeth (group A), and 121 patients had partially impacted wisdom teeth (group B). All patients had bilateral impacted wisdom teeth. One of the wisdom teeth was removed first and was sutured with triangular flap-primary healing (TF-P). The other wisdom tooth was removed two weeks later and was sutured with MTF-S. Patients in groups A and B were divided into two subgroups based on suture methods, with TF-P used for group A1 and B1, and MTF-S used for groups A2 and B2. Perioperative indicators, including surgical time, root loss rate, and completeness of extraction sockets were recorded; Postoperative complications of four groups, including pain, swelling, and limited mouth opening were compared. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: The surgical time of group A1, A2, B1 and B2 was (17.69±3.28), (18.22±3.06), (12.37±3.72) and (12.64±4.13) minutes, respectively. The surgical time of group A1 and A2 was significantly longer than that of group B1 and B2 (P＜0.05). Seven days after surgery, the VAS scores of group A1, A2, B1 and B2 were (1.17±0.34), (0.93±0.29), (0.48±0.15) and (0.76±0.21), respectively. The VAS scores of group B1 and B2 were lower than those of group A1 and A2, and group A2 was lower than group A1 and B2 was higher than group B1 group(P＜0.05). On the 1st day, 3rd day, and 7th day after surgery, the swelling degree in group A1 was greater than that in group B1, and the swelling degree in group B1 was greater than that in group A2 and B2(P＜0.05); while the limitation of mouth opening mouth in group A2 and B2 was lower than that in group A1 and B1, and the limitation of opening mouth in group B2 was lower than that in group A2(P＜0.05)., Conclusions: Compared with partially impacted wisdom teeth, the extraction of completely impacted wisdom teeth has a longer surgical time. For completely impacted wisdom teeth, MTF-S is beneficial for reducing postoperative pain, swelling and mouth opening limitations. For partially impacted wisdom teeth, MTF-S is beneficial for reducing postoperative swelling and mouth opening limitations, but the effect is not significant in reducing patient pain.

Aging is an independent risk factor for chronic diseases in the elderly, and understanding aging mechanisms is one of the keys to achieve early prevention and effective intervention for the diseases. Aging process is dynamic and systemic, making it difficult for mechanistic study. With recent advances in aging biomarkers and development of live-imaging technologies, more and more reporter mouse models have been generated, which can live monitor the aging process, and help investigate aging mechanisms at systemic level and develop intervention strategies. This review summarizes recent advances in live-imaging aging reporter mouse models based on widely used aging biomarkers (p16 Ink4a , p21 Waf1/Cip1 , p53 and Glb1), and discusses their applications in aging research.

Sulfonamide antibiotics and florfenicol(FFC) are commonly used antibiotics in Zhejiang Province. They have weak adsorption on soil and are easy to migrate, with high environmental risks. In recent years, most of the studies on the potential risk of fecal-derived antibiotics to farmland soil were conducted by adding manure under laboratory conditions; therefore, it is impossible to assess the risk of antibiotic pollution under natural fertilization. Therefore, batch balance experiments were conducted to explore the effects of different soil types and manure types on the adsorption of antibiotics in the soil, in which five types of dryland farmland soils[Lin'an(LA), Jiashan(JS), Longyou(LY), Kaihua(KH), and Jinhua(JH)]in Zhejiang Province that have been used with different fertilizers(chicken manure, pig manure, and chemical fertilizer) for a long time were chosen, and four types of commonly used antibiotics[sulfadiazine(SD), sulfamethazine(SMT), sulfamethoxazole(SMZ), and FFC]were selected. The results showed that the adsorption of the four antibiotics in the experimental soil was weak, and the adsorption capacity decreased in the order of:SMT(1.44-13.23 mg 1-(1/ n ) ·L 1/ n ·kg -1 )>SMZ(0.73-6.05 mg 1-(1/ n ) ·L 1/ n ·kg -1 )>SD(0.16-5.57 mg 1-(1/ n ) ·L 1/ n ·kg -1 )>FFC(0.27-3.81 mg 1-(1/ n ) ·L 1/ n ·kg -1 ). The Freundlich model was superior to the linear model in fitting the isotherm adsorption of SD, SMT, and FFC, in which SD and FFC belonged to "S" type adsorption, and SMT belonged to "L" type adsorption. For SMZ, the fitting effect of the linear model was better than that of the Freundlich model. The contents of total organic carbon(TOC) and dissolved organic carbon(DOC) could better predict the adsorption capacity of the four antibiotics( r =0.548-0.808), and the values of cation exchange capacity(CEC) and electrical conductivity(EC) could better predict the adsorption capacity of SMT and FFC( r= 0.758-0.841). Compared with the application of chemical fertilizer, manure application increased the values of TOC, DOC, CEC, and EC in acidic and neutral soils, which was conducive to the adsorption of antibiotics on the soil. Meanwhile, manure application also increased pH in acidic and neutral soils, which was not conducive to the adsorption of antibiotics on the soil. In addition, manure application reduced the values of TOC, DOC, CEC, EC, and pH in alkaline soils. The lower pH was conducive to antibiotic adsorption on the soil, whereas the lower content of the other four was not conducive to antibiotic adsorption on the soil. For the acidic soil with low fertility, the application of manure increased soil fertility and thus increased the adsorption of antibiotics on the soil, such as the LA soil with chicken manure, the LY(1) soil with pig manure, and the JH soil with chicken manure and pig manure. However, for the acidic and neutral soils with high fertility, the application of manure had significantly increased soil pH and thus reduced the adsorption of antibiotics on the soil, such as the JS soil with chicken manure and pig manure and the LY(2) soil with chicken manure. For calcareous soil with high fertility and pH(such as KH soil), the adsorption profiles of the four types of antibiotics on the soil showed diversity after the application of manure:the adsorption capacity of SD increased significantly after the application of chicken manure and pig manure, whereas the adsorption capacity of SMT and SMZ decreased significantly, and the adsorption capacity of FFC declined significantly after the application of chicken manure. Therefore, manure application according to soil fertility could effectively control the environmental risk of fecal antibiotics.

Objective: To explore the predictors of hematologic responses of non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (NTDT) to thalidomide., Methods: 33 patients with NTDT who treated with thalidomide in the 923rd Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army from May 2016 to June 2019 were included in the study. The basic data, hematological indexes, degree of treatment response and genetic background of the patients were analyzed., Results: The baseline fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level of main responders (MaR) was significantly higher than that of minor responders (MiR) and no responders (NR) (P=0.001). And the baseline HbF level was positively correlated with hemoglobin increment after treatment (r=0.601). Genetic background analysis showed that the frequencies of the genotype CT of HBG2 rs7482144 (P=0.031), the genotypes CT/CC (P=0.030) and the minor allele C (P=0.015) of HBS1L-MYB rs9399137, the genotypes AT/TT (P=0.030) and the minor allele T (P=0.028) of HBS1L-MYB rs4895440, the genotypes AG/GG (P=0.030) and the minor allele G (P=0.028) of HBS1L-MYB rs4895441 (P=0.030) in MaR group were significantly higher than those in MiR and NR groups. Comparing the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the above indicators to predict the main response, the results demonstrated that the predictive value of baseline HbF level was significantly better than rs7482144 (0.91 vs 0.72, P=0.003), rs9399137 (0.91 vs 0.74, P=0.022), rs4895440 (0.91 vs 0.74, P=0.023) and rs4895441 (0.91 vs 0.74, P=0.023), but there was no significant difference in the predictive value between combined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (0.91 vs 0.88, P=0.658）and baseline HbF combined SNPs (0.91 vs 0.97, P=0.132). The AUC value of baseline HbF predicting the efficacy of thalidomide as the main response was 0.91, the cut-off value was 27.4%, the sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 58.3% (P=0.001)., Conclusion: The hematologic response of NTDT to thalidomide is variable and complex. Compared to genetic background, baseline HbF may be a simpler and more efficient tool to predict efficacy response.

Contaminants such as heavy metals in rivers are partially retained in the sediments at the bottom as a result of the altered water regime within the cascade weirs. The associated heavy metals in the sediments can affect surface water quality and ecology for a long period. In May 2020, sediments were collected in a typical mountainous river (Liangtan River) with cascade weirs in the main urban area of Chongqing. The accumulation of sediments in each river section, the content of heavy metals, and other basic physicochemical indicators in the samples were monitored. The results showed that the average ω (As), ω (Cd), ω (Cu), ω (Hg), ω (Ni), and ω (Pb) in the sediments of the main stream of Liangtan River were (4.66±4.78), (0.361±0.256), (32.30±14.38), (0.069±0.039), (33.47±15.37), and (26.34±11.52) mg·kg -1 , respectively. A large coefficient of spatial variation regarding the content of heavy metals in the sediments across the sampling sites was observed owing to the uneven spatial distribution of pollution sources and the destruction of river connectivity by cascade weirs. The modified geoaccumulation index ( I m ) showed that Cd was the most polluted heavy metal element in the sediments. Of the monitored river sections, 12.50% approached or were at moderate pollution levels, and these sections were mainly found in the upstream and downstream reaches of Liangtan River with relatively concentrated construction lands. The potential ecological risk assessment index method (RI) and the sediment quality guideline method (SQGs) showed that, in addition to Cd and Hg with a high pollution level and strong toxicity, Ni in the sediments also posed a potential threat to the ecological safety of surface water due to its high background content in the watershed. The total amounts of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb retained in the sediments by cascade weirs were estimated to be 446.10, 47.28, 4997.80, 10.81, 5135.68, and 4048.16 kg, respectively, in which Cd, Ni, and Pb were identified to be the major threats to the ecological safety of surface water over a long period. The upper reaches prior to the weirs with the most retained heavy metals and the easier formation of an anaerobic environment are suggested to be the key areas for investigation of the endogenous release of heavy metals. Source apportionment of heavy metals in river sediments through the combination of principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed that Cd, Cu, and Pb mainly originated from residential/industrial point source pollution. Hg mainly originated from agricultural non-point source pollution, whereas As and Ni mainly originated from natural soil erosion.

Objective: To investigate the effects of atorvastatin calcium (ATR) on the survival of ultra-long dorsal random skin flaps in rats., Methods: Thirty SD rats were divided into five groups ( n =6) according to the random number table: normal saline control group (CON group), ATR 10 mg/kg group (P10 group), ATR 20 mg/kg group (P20 group), ATR 30 mg/kg group (P30 group), and ATR 40 mg/kg group (P40 group). After pretreatment with ATR or 0.9% saline for 3 days, an ultra-long dorsal random skin flaps with size of 8 cm×2 cm was made on the back of each rat and replanted in situ. After the operation, the ATR or saline treatment lasted for 3 d. Seven days after operation, the appearance of skin flaps was observed with naked eyes, the survival rate of skin flaps was calculated. The pathological changes in the surviving areas of skin flaps were observed by HE staining, the number of microvessels in skin flaps was observed by immunohistochemistry staining, the mRNA expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) were tested by quantitative real-time PCR, and the contents of superoxide dismutase, nitrogen monoxide and malonaldehyde were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)., Results: On the 7 th day after operation, the skin flap of the CON group showed a large area of necrosis, and the necrotic part formed crusts. Crusts were hard and inelastic, and a large amount of tissue fluid exudated. The fascial layer showed dark purple. No exudation of tissue fluid was observed in the flaps of P10, P20, P30 and P40 groups. The scab shell fell off naturally and the fur grew normally. HE staining of CON group showed that a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, epidermal loss and necrosis in skin flaps, but the pathological changes in skin flaps were significantly improved after treatment with ATR. Compared with the CON group, the survival rate of skin flaps, the number of microvessels in skin flaps and the levels of VEGF mRNA, bFGF mRNA, SOD, NO in skin flaps also increased with the dose of ATR, which reached a peak at 30 mg/kg ATR ( P <0.05). However, the level of MDA in skin flaps decreased with the dose of ATR, which reached the lowest at 30 mg/kg ATR ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: ATR can enhance the survival of ultra-long dorsal random skin flaps in rats, which may be related to promoting microangiogenesis and inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative stress., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of local skin flaps such as V-Y advancement flap (V-Y plasty) and transposition flap (Z plasty) in the adjustment of reconstructed nasal alars at second stage., Methods: Between June 2012 and January 2017, 14 cases of reconstructed nasal alars by nasolabial flap or expanded forehead flap were recruited. There were 9 males and 5 females with an average age of 34.8 years (range, 18-52 years). The interval time between one- and two-stage operations was 1-12 months (mean, 3 months). The type of local skin flap was decided according to the flaws of reconstructed nasal alars. V-Y plasty was used in 5 cases, Z plasty in 2 cases, and V-Y plasty combined with Z plasty in 7 cases., Results: All operations were successfully completed. The flaps in 3 cases suffered from epidermal necrosis at the far end and healed by dressing change. The other wounds healed by first intention. All 14 cases were followed up 6-40 months (mean, 12 months). The nasal alars had verisimilar shape and symmetrical appearance. The color and texture of reconstructed nasal alar were closed to peripheral tissues., Conclusion: Applying local skin flaps such as V-Y plasty and Z plasty can acquire a better shape in the adjustment of reconstructed nasal alars.

Objective: To measure the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in mice embryos with the stimulation of chronic mild anticipatory stress (CUMS) to female Kunming mice., Methods: Three hundreds female Kunming mice were stressed by 9 chronic mild unpredictable stress factors for 28 days and then divided into three groups of mild, moderate and severe stress. PMSG/hCG was measured to assess the induction of superovulation, and ovarian response and embryo development potential were observed. The expression of HSP70 in 2-cell embryos and day 4 embryos was detected by immunofluorescence and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)., Results: After 28 d CUMS stimulation, the rate of mice in mild, moderate and severe stress were 50%, 32% and 18%, respectively. In the mild stress group, ovarian response and oocyte development potential were similar to those of control, while HSP70 expression of the embryos was significantly higher ( P <0.05). In the severe stress group, ovarian response and oocyte development potential were significantly decreased compared with the control group ( P <0.05), while HSP70 expression was similar to that of control., Conclusion: HSP70 overexpression observed in the embryos may be related to its proteetive effect against chronic unpredictable stress.

Purpose: To investigate the capability of puerarin on osteogenic induction in bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), and to explore the mechanism of osteoinductivity of puerarin in vitro., Methods: After segregating and cultivation, bone marrow stromal cells from 3-weeks SD rats were induced by osteogenesis medium containing different concentrations of puerarin in induction groups; while in non-induction group, BMMSCs were still cultured with DMEM medium. Following continued culture for 2-4 weeks, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin and Wnt5b were measured. The capability of puerarin on osteogenic induction of BMMSCs and the relationship between this effect and Wnt signaling pathway were investigated. SPSS 16.0 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: After induction with puerarin, the level of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin and Wnt5b increased.10(-5) mol/L group showed the best effect., Conclusions: Puerarin can induce BMMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts. The mechanism may be related to Wnt signaling pathway.

In the study, the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix degradation were observed in a type of human alveolar epithelial cell, A549 cells, stimulated by TGF-beta1. Firstly, MTT method was applied to evaluation of cellular proliferation and found that PNS from 12.5 mg x L(-1) to 200 mg x L(-1) dosage could not inhibit significantly cellular proliferation. Then, cells were divided into five groups, normal group, TGF-beta1 group, TGF-beta1 + 50 mg x L(-1) PNS group, TGF-beta1 + 100 mg x L(-1) PNS group and TGF-beta1 + 200 mg x L(-1) PNS group. Normal cells were not stimulatec by TGF-beta1; TGF-beta1 cells were only stimulated by TGF-beta1 and the other cells were stimulated by TGF-beta1 with different doses of PNS, respectively. After stimulation, cells and supernatants were collected for assays. Cellular roundness was applied to quantitative evaluation of morphological change. Immunocytochemistry was applied to examine E-cadherion, a-SMA and FN proteins expression in the cells. Enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay was applied to MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels. The results showed that EMT of A549 cells was induced by TGF-beta1, showing significant change of roundness, E-cadherion, alpha-SMA and FN (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared to TGF-beta1, PNS significantly inhibited the changes of roundness (P < 0.05), FN and alpha-SMA (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and not significantly inhibited the change of E-cadherion. Furthermore, MMP-9 levels were significantly increased by TGFbeta1 stimulation (P < 0.05), without significant change of TIMP-1. Compared with TGF-beta1, PNS could significantly increase MMP-9 level (P < 0.05) and decrease TIMP-1 levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In conclusion, PNS could inhibit alveolar epithelial cell EMT induced by TGF-beta1, with increase of extracellular matrix degradation ability, which showed anti-fibrosis of lung ability.

To investigate the phenotypic characteristics of the strain of the rabies virus CTNCEC25, the strain of the China rabies virus CTN-1 adapted to primary chicken embryo cells (CECs), Vero cells, and mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells was inoculated with CTNCEC25 and parental CTN-1 strains to explore the cytopathic effect (CPE) and growth kinetics of CTNCEC25 on cultured cells. To determine the pathogenicity of CTNCEC25, suckling mice, adult mice, guinea pigs and rabbits were inoculated with CTNCEC25 via the intracerebral route and their survival monitored every day. Furthermore, the CTNCEC25 strain was passed serially in CECs for 20 passages and then 3 passages in the brains of suckling mice to determine phenotypic stability. CTNCEC25 achieved similar growth kinetics in Vero cells and N2a cells compared with parental CTN-1, but CTNCEC25 replicated more efficiently in CECs than the CTN-1 strain with a titer 72 h after infection reaching 10(7.5-7.6) FFU/mL, which was significantly higher than the 10(5.8) FFU/mL achieved by its parental strain, CTN-1. Moreover, CTNCEC25 induced apparent CPE in Vero cells, CECs and N2a cells. Analyses of intracerebral inoculation demonstrated that CTNCEC25 was attenuated profoundly in adult mice and was completely apathogenic to guinea pigs and rabbits, though it caused death in suckling mice. The CTNCEC25 strain proliferated steadily after serial passage in CECs and the brains of suckling mice, and remained avirulent in adult mice. These results suggest that CTNCEC25 is a highly attenuated and genetically stable strain of the rabies virus. CTNCEC25 replicated stably and efficiently in cultured cells and achieved high titers, so it could be a promising and safe vaccine strain for rabies prevention in China.

Objective: To investigate the effect of NOB1 gene on proliferation and apoptosis of human colon cancer cell line RKO by RNA interference., Methods: Small interference RNA(siRNA) targeting NOB1 gene was cloned into lentivirus vector. Then the lentivirus particles expressing NOB1 short harpin RNA(shRNA) were infected into RKO cells. Real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to examine the expression of NOB1 in lentivirus infected cells. The Thermo Scientific Cellomics ArrayScan VTI HCS Reader was used to test the proliferation and colony-formation of RKO cells, and flow cytometry assay was performed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. Xenograft tumor was established by injection of RKO cells into nude mice, then NOB1-shRNA was injected into the tumor and tumor volume was detected., Results: Compared to negative controls, the expression levels of NOB1 mRNA and protein were both significantly down-regulated, the proliferation and colony-forming capacity of RKO cells were significantly inhibited, and cell apoptosis was increased after 3 days of NOB1-shRNA lentivirus infection(all P<0.05). The tumor volume was significantly smaller in NOB1-shRNA group than that in Scr-shRNA group[(405±102) mm(3) vs.(870±165) mm(3), P<0.05]., Conclusion: Silencing NOB1 gene by RNA interference may provide an inhibitive effect on human colon cancer development.

Dried herb of Delphinium brunonianum Royle (Ranunculaceae) has long been used under the herbal name "Xiaguobei" (Delphinii Brunoniani Herba) in traditional Tibetan medicine and prescribed for the treatment of influenza, itchy skin rash and snake bites. In order to find a useful and convenient method for the identification of microscopic features, the technique of fluorescence microscopy was applied to authenticate "Xiaguobei" of Tibet. The transverse sections of stem and leaf, as well as the powder of "Xiaguobei" were observed to seek for typical microscopic features by normal light and fluorescence microscopy. A style-like, single-cell glandular hair containing yellow secretions on the leaf, young stem and sepal of "Xiaguobei" was found. Under the fluorescence microscope, the xylem and pericycle fiber group emitted significant fluorescence. This work indicated that fluorescence microscopy could be an useful additional method for the authentication work. Without the traditional dyeing methods, the main microscopic features could be easily found by fluorescence microscopy. The results provided reliable references for the authentication of "Xiaguobei".

Objective: To study the effect of Banxia Baizhu decoction on the spontaneously hypertensive rats and its possible mechanism., Methods: Male SHRs of 6 weeks old were randomly and equally divided into two groups, the control SHR group and the group treated with BXBZTMD, the treated group were treated with BXBZTMD orally for 18 weeks, the control SHR group and normotensive WKY group were fed with the same amount of distilled water. Rats' blood pressure was measured through carotid artery catheterization, and protein of kidney tissues was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis after extraction and purification. Different protein spots expressed significantly which were anlyzed by PDQuest software were then identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. The protein expressions of peroxidase 2 and Cu-Zn superoxide in kidney were determined by Western blot., Results: Compared SHR with WKY, 12 protein spots were changed. BXBZTMD could adjust kidney protein expression such as Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, peroxidase 2 and may change kidney protein expression such as the alpha-beta-crystallin, which were closely related to oxidative stress. These discoveries of the target proteins suggested that BXBZTMD had curative effect by anti-oxidative stress., Conclusion: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the process of hypertensive renal injury. BXBZTMD can play a therapeutic role to oxidative stress. The discovery of the target protein provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of BXBZTMD.

Objective: To study the vascular endothelial function recovery and its mechanism of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction (BBTD)., Methods: 54 SH rats were randomly divided into three groups: the blank control group, BBTD group and Captopril treatment group. BBTD (at the daily dose of 4. 320 g crude drug/kg) and Captopril (at the daily dose of 3.375 g/kg) was administered from the 7th week to the 24th week. Another eighteen Wistar-Kyoto rats of the same ages were taken as the control. Medication was discontinued and effects were observed until the 32nd week. The blood pressure was determined by arterial carotis cannula. The concentration of serum NO2(-) and total anti-oxidation were determined by Griess and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). The acetylcholine (Ach)-dependent relaxation of superior mesenteric artery was detected using in vitro vascular ring. The mRNA expressions of IL-1, IL-6 and iNOS were detected by Real-time PCR at the 18th, 24th, and 32nd week., Results: BBTD could significantly lower blood pressure of SHR and the concentration of serum NO2(-) at the 18th and 24th week (P<0.05). The total anti-oxidation of SH rats increased at the 18th week (P<0.01), and ACh-dependent relaxation of superior mesenteric artery increased at the 24th week. The mRNA expressions of IL-1 was markedly suppressed by BBTD at the 18th, 24th, and 32nd week (P<0.05), while IL-6 and iNOS mRNA expression were significantly lowered only at the 32nd week (P< 0.01). Captopril could significantly lower blood pressure of SHR at the 18th and 24th week (P<0.05). It significantly increased the total anti-oxidation of SH rats at the 18th week (P<0.01). However, it could not increase ACh-dependent relaxation of superior mesenteric artery and regulate the concentration of NO2(-) at the 18th, 24th, and 32nd week. The mRNA expression of iNOS was markedly suppressed by Captopril at the 24th and 32nd week, while mRNA expressions of IL-1 and IL-6 were significantly lower only at the 32nd week (P<0.01)., Conclusions: BBTD showed similar effect in decreasing the blood pressure to captopril, but it showed better effect in improving the mesenteric endothelial dysfunction of SHR, which may be associated with its inhibition on NO and IL-1 expression, and improvement of the oxidative stress state.

Objective: To investigate the changes in renin angiotensin system (RAS) in hypertrophied myocardium of spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR), and the effect of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction (BBTD) on the changes in haemodynamic parameters and mRNA of signaling molecules of RAS at different periods., Methods: Fifty-four male SHRs of 6 weeks old were randomly and equally divided into three groups: the untreated control group, the test group, and the positive control group, and they were treated respectively with distilled water, BBTD and captopril by dissolving in equal volume of water administrated via gavage for 18 weeks. Besides, 18 age matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats treated with distilled water were allocated in a normal control group. Rats were managed in batches at their age of 18, 24, and 32 weeks old. Rat's hemodynamic parameters were measured through carotid artery catheterization, myocardial pathology was observed, and their mRNA expressions of angiotensin (AGT), angiotensin-converting (ACE) and angiotension-converting 2 (ACE2) were determined by Real-time PCR., Results: Compared with WKY rats, the arterial pressure and left ventricular mass index (LVMI)in SHR were significantly higher at 18, 24 and 32 weeks respectively (P < 0.01); average cycle rate showed in electrocardiogram was higher (P < 0.05), though the blood stream was similar; mRNA expressions of AGT and ACE in heart tissue were markedly higher (P < 0.01), but that of ACE2 at 18 and 24 weeks were lower (P < 0.01). Compared with untreated SHR, arterial pressure at 18 and 24 weeks was lower (P < 0.05); cardiac muscle structure was improved; LVMI at 24 weeks was improved (P < 0.05); the mRNA expressions of AGT and ACE were suppressed but that of ACE2 increased at 18, 24,and 32 weeks significantly in the test group after BBTD treatment (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Changes in RAS in the hypertrophied myocardium of SHR may be one of the molecular mechanisms for hypertension leading to left ventricular hypertrophy. BBTD can improve the hemodynamic parameters, regulate RAS, so as to lower the arterial pressure.

Objective: To investigate the role of TGF-beta1 in embryo implantation and development in vitro in mice., Methods: Mouse embryos at 2-cell stage were cultured in the media of M16 with exposure to different levels of TGF-beta1 (0, 1, 10 and 50 ng/mL). The percentage of embryos reaching fixed stages (early blastocyst, expanding blastocyst and hatched blastocyst) was monitored 68 h and 92 h after the culture. The expanding blastocys cultured for 68 h in M16 without TGF-beta1 and those with 10 ng/mL of TGF-beta1 were transferred to pseudopregnant mice. On the 6th day post transfer, the successful rates of implantation were counted. The level of IL-10/IFN-gamma in the serum and maternal-fetus interface of the mice was detected by ELISA on the 6th day post transfer., Results: TGF-beta1 improved embryo growth in vitro. TGF-beta1 at a level of 10 ng/mL had the maximum impact, with 15.6%, 68.09%, 1.42% of embryos reaching early, expanding, and hatched stage, respectively, 68 h after culture, and 6.38%, 28.37%, 53.19% of embryos reaching early, expanding, and hatched stage, respectively, 92 h after culture. The promoting effect declined when TGF-beta1 reached 50 ng/mL. The successful rate of implantation of embryos cultured in M16 with TGF-beta1 was significantly higher than those cultured in M16 without TGF-beta1 (35. 2% vs. 17.19%, P < 0.05). The embryos cultured in M16 with TGF-beta1 had significantly lower level of IFN-gamma in the maternal-fetus interface than those cultured in M16 without TGF-beta1 [(30.89 +/- 11.31) pg/mL vs. (43.23 +/- 18. 09) pg/mL, P < 0.053., Conclusion: TGF-beta1 at an appropriate dose improves embryo implantation in mice in vitro. The mechanism may involve the improvement of the quality of embryos and their development, and decrease of IFN-gamma synthesis in maternal-fetal interface, a chemical that could cause Th2 bias.

Objective: To study the phenolic constituents of Dendrobium aphyllum., Method: Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents, their physico-chemical properties and spectral data were employed to elucidate their structures., Result: Nine bibenzyls and two benzylethanyl compounds were isolated and identified as: moscatilin (1), gigantol (2), batatasin (3), tristin (4), 3, 5, 4'-trihydroxylbibenzyl (5), 3, 5-dimethoxyl-4, 4'-dihydroxylbibenzyl (6), moscatin (7), 2, 4, 7-trihydroxyl-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene (8), hircinol (9), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, salidroside (10) and p-hydroxylbenzylacetic acid (11)., Conclusion: All compounds were obtained firstly from the plant, and the compounds 10 and 11 were isolated in this genus for the first time.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Dendobium crystallinum., Method: Compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses., Result: Nine compounds were obtained and identified as: 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxybi-benzyl (1), gigantol (2), naringenin (3) , p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), n-tetracosyl trans-p-cou-marate (5), n-octacosy trans-p-coumarate (6), n-hexacosyl trans-ferulate (7), stigmasterol (8), daucosterol (9)., Conclusion: All these compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, compounds 1 and 4 were isolated firstly from the genus.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of Dendrobium chrysotoxum., Method: The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and structurally elucidated by spectral evidences., Result: Ten compounds were obtained and identified as (+)-syringare sinol (1), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-24( R)-methycholesta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (2), trans-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-acrylic acid octacosyl ester (3), defusin (4), 3, 4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (5), 3, 4-dimethoxy-benzoic acid (6), vanillic acid (7), 3, 4-dimethoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester (8), 3, 5-dibromo-2-aminobenzaldehyde (9), heptadecanoic acid 2, 3-dihydroxy-propyl ester (10)., Conclusion: Compounds 1, 2 and 6-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Aim: To establish a simple method for molecular identification of original plants of D. chrysanthum and D. fimbriatum using molecular marker rDNA ITS region., Methods: Restriction patterns of ITS fragments were obtained using PCR-RFLP method. The PCR products of D. chrysanthum and its morphologically allied species were digested at 37 degrees C by Cla I and Apa LI, those of D. fimbriatum and its morphologically allied species were digested by Sph I., Results: D. chrysanthum, D. fimbriatum and their morphologically allied species could be identified by predicted restriction profiles of PCR-RFLP. The botanical origin of twenty-five fresh samples of "Shihu" collected in markets was identified by this method., Conclusion: The results showed that PCR-RFLP analysis of the rDNA ITS region is a feasible, simple and inexpensive method for determining the botanical origin of the traditional Chinese medicine "Shihu".

Objective: To evaluate the influence of stenting main vessel on side branches and to compare the different effects on side branches between BMS and DES (Taxus and Cypher)., Methods: We reviewed the angiograms and the medical records of 183 patients who had received stent implantation in coronary main vessels and had follow-up angiograms. Any side branch was jailed by stent was evaluated., Results: Side branch occlusion occurred in 8.9% in all branches (10.5% in Cypher DES group, 11.1% in Taxus DES group and 7.8% in BMS group). Spontaneous recanalization of side branches was observed in 72% (90.9% in Cypher DES, 66.7% in Taxus stent group and 66.7% in BMS). The ostial side branch stenosis before stenting and the involvement of the side branch origin within the lesion of the parent vessel are the major independent predictors for side branch occlusion., Conclusions: The influence of different DES implantations in coronary main vessels on side branches were similar and there was no difference between DES and BMS. Side branch occlusion had relatively benign clinical course. Most occluded side branches had late spontaneous reperfusion.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and the safety of emergent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the saphenous vein bypass graft (SVBG) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and compare the results between aged -patients with non-aged patients., Methods: Three hundred and nine consecutive AMI patients with culprit SVBG vessels, were analysed, including aged patients 213 cases(>or=70 years old), non-aged patients 96 cases(<70 years old), underwent the emergent primary PCI after confirmed below TIMI III perfusion(TIMI 0-TIMI II) in coronary angiographies. The immediate results and in-hospital outcomes were compared between two groups., Results: Procedural successful rate, re-occlusion rate, and emergency re-CABG had no significant differences between two groups. The rate of slow-flow/no-reflow and in-hospital mortality rate were significantly higher in elderly group (19.7% vs 10.4%, 9.4% vs 4.2%, both P<0.05), with no difference in the rate of the using of distal protection devices between two groups. The comparison of the rate of direct stenting in slow-flow/no-reflow subgroup with normal-flow subgroup, had not showed statistic difference (73.5% vs 67.3%, P>0.05). There was no statistic difference of heavy hemorrhage between two different age groups., Conclusion: The primary PCI for the elderly AMI patients with infarction-related SVBG vessels, has higher risks in slow-flow/no-reflow and the mortality, even with using the distal protection devises and direct stents implantation.

Aim: To determine the location and relative quantity of coumarins in the stem of Dendrobium thyrsiflorum Rchb. f. , and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating and utilizing the famous medicinal plant., Methods: The stems of one, two and three years old, separately, were collected in February. Location and relative quantity of coumarins in the top, middle and basal parts of each stem sample were determined by using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). ANOVA and Tukey's test were employed in the statistical analysis., Results: The coumarins located mainly in vascular bundles, especially on the walls of the outer fiber cells. There was significant difference or great significant difference exist in every part of the stem from different ages. The values of significant difference were as follows: basal part P = 0.004 (< 0.01); middle part P = 0.009 (< 0.01); top part P = 0.036( < 0.05)., Conclusion: Two years old stem could be the best choice when collecting Dendrobium thyrsiflorum in Feburary.

Objective: To study the relationship between the geo-authentic and geologic background system (GBS) and physicochemical properties of soil for the cultivation of Panax notoginseng., Method: The physicochemical properties of soil were analyzed, the geologic background system between producing areas of Yunnan and Guanxi of P. notogiseng was compared., Result: The distribution of P. notoginseng was restricted by GBS, The yellow-red soil of fragmentary rock mixed with carbonate seems to be most suitable for the growth., Conclusion: The most suitable soil for growing P. notoginseng is the neutral or weakly acidic soil with loam clay, particularly that with low base saturation percentage.

Objective: To provide scientific basis for quality control of Lindera aggregata., Method: HPLC analytical method was established using a Lichrospher C18 column and acetonitrile-water (56:44) as the mobile phase, detected at 235 nm., Result: The linear range of linderane is between 0.0642 - 0.5774 microg, the average recovery was 98.4%, RSD1.7% (n = 9)., Conclusion: Contents of linderane in commercially available and collected samples were from 0.028% to 0.123% and from 0.056% to 0.222% respectively.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from Pholidota yunnanensis., Method: Various chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses., Result: Seven compounds were obtained and they were identified by spectroscopic analysis as n-nonacosane, cyclopholidone, n-dotriacontanoic acid, n-octacostyl ferulate, cyclopholidonol, cycloneolitsol and beta-sitosterol, respectively., Conclusion: n-octacostyl ferulate and cycloneolitsol were isolated from genus Pholidota for the first time.

Aim: To investigate the chemical constituents of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook., Methods: Various chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents. The structures were elucidated by IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and 2D-NMR., Results: Eight compounds were obtained and identified by spectral analysis as fimbriatone, confusarin, crepidatin, physcion, rhein, ayapin, scopolin methyl ether and n-octacostyl ferulate., Conclusion: Fimbriatone is a new compound, physcion and rhein are firstly isolated from Genus Dendrobium. The others are found from this species for the first time. Fimbriatone showed potential inhibitory effects on BGC cell line.

The leaves of evergreen broadleaved Quercus cuspidata, Ilex pedunculosa, Ilex rotunda, machilus thunbergii, Pittosporum tobira and deciduous broadleaved Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis, Celtis sinensis, Ginkgo biloba, and Evodiopanax innovans were collected from the time of full leaf expansion to the end of growing season to describe the seasonal contents of N and P patterns in leaves of these species. The N and P contents in new and old leaves of evergreen Quercus cuspidata and Ilex rotunda had high levels in initial stage, low levels in medium stage, and increased in later stage. The seasonal changes of the N and P contents in new leaves of evergreen Ilex pedunculosa and Pittosporum tobira were similar to those of Quercus cuspidata and Ilex rotunda, whereas in old leaves of the two species, they tended to decline with time. The N content in new and old leaves of Machilus thunbergii tended to increase, whereas their P content tended to decrease. The N and P contents in leaves of deciduous species decreased during the growing season. The N translocation efficiency for all species ranged from 43-75%, whereas their P translocation efficiency ranged from 62-84%. The N translocation efficiency in evergreen broadleaved species was similar to that in deciduous broadleaved species, whereas the P translocation efficiency was higher than the latter. The mean N retranslocation efficiency for all species was higher than mean P retranslocation efficiency.

Aim: To identify "Shegan" [Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.] and relative medicinal plants of Iris including Iris tectorum Maxim., I. dichotoma Pall., I. germanica L. and I. japonica Thunb. by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase Large Gene (rbcL) sequence analysis., Methods: General DNA was isolated from the fresh leaves of Belamcanda chinensis and 4 Iris spp. by CTAB. A pair of primers was designed to amplify the rbcL gene and PCR Preps DNA kit was used to purify the PCR products. The rbcL sequences were determined by ABI (Applied Biosystems Inco.) Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer., Results: A fragment of about 750 bp of rbcL gene from Belamcanda chinensis and 4 Iris spp. were amplified and sequenced. The rbcL sequences of Iris tectorum, I. dichotoma Pall. and I. japonica were reported for the first time. The rbcL sequences of 5 species of Iridaceae were aligned and analyzed using Clustal (Version 8.0) and MEGA (Version 2.0.) programs. The nucleotide number of difference is from 1.000 to 20.000. The tranversions is from 0.000 to 9.000 and the transitions is from 0.000 to 14.000. Phylogenetic tree based on rbcL partial sequence data indicated that the eleven samples of 5 species clustered separately., Conclusion: The sequence variation of rbcL can be used to identify Belamcanda chinensis and 4 species of relative medicinal plants of Iris. The molecular phylogenetic tree accords with the classical taxonomy.

Objective: To analyse the 1H-NMR finger-print of the stem of Dendrobium loddigesii., Method: Silica gel column chromatography was used to separate the chemical constituents of SCE A of the stem of D. loddigesii. The characteristic signals of the H-NMR finger-print were analysed after determining the structures of the compounds isolated from SCE A., Result: 1H-NMR finger-prints of the samples of D. loddigesii collected from different regions showed highly characteristic features and reproducibility. Four compounds predominant in SCE A were isolated and their structures were determined by spectral analysis as 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively., Conclusion: Compound 3 and 4 were isolated from D. loddigesii for the first time. The 1H-NMR finger-print of CGE A of the stem of D. loddigesii showed mainly the characteristic signals of the above four compounds and might be utilized for the original authentication of this plant.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Costus speciosus and C. tonkinensis (Zingiberaceae) distributed in Yunnan province., Method: Chromatography and spectral analyses were used to isolate the constituents and elucidate their structure., Result: Six compounds were isolated from the rhizome of C. speciosus and elucidated as diosgenin(1), prosapogenin B of dioscin(2), diosgenone(3), cycloartanol(4), 25-en-cycloartenol(5) and octacosanoic acid(6). Four compounds were isolated from the rhizome of Costus tonkinensis and elucidated as tetracosanoic acid(7), succinic acid(8), beta-sitosterol(9) and daucosterin(10)., Conclusion: Compounds of 3-6 were obtained from C. speciosus for the first time and compounds of 7-10 were obtained from C. tonkinensis for the first time too.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Alpinia jianganfeng (Zingiberaceae) distributed in Sichuan province., Method: Chromatography and spectral analyses were used to isolate the constituents and elucidate their structure., Result: Four compounds were isolated from the rhizome of A. jianganfeng and elucidated as kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide(1), docosanoic acid(2), 3-hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one(3) and beta-sitosterol(4)., Conclusion: All these compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To identify the botanical origin of the Guijiu in Shosoin of Japan from Tang Dynasty, and trace its medicinal history., Method: Anatomical characteristics of the underground parts of Guijiu in Shosoin were compared with those of Hosta plantaginea and H. ventricosa, and research on the medicinal history of Guijiu was made based on its original identification results and describes in herbals., Result and Conclusion: Guijiu in Shosoin of Japan was derived from the underground parts of H. plantaginea and is one of Guijiu used in Tang Dynasty and earlier on.

Objective: To study rDNA ITS sequence differences between F type and that of H type of Dendrobium officinale in main habitat of China., Method: The population differences of the rDNA ITS region (including ITS1, ITS2, 5.8S) sequences of D. officinale were studied by the method of DNA sequences analysis., Result: There were two different sites between the rDNA ITS sequence of F type and that of H type. One was in ITS1 region, and the other was in 5.8S region. It was proved that there was some relativity between the character of rDNA ITS region and the life type of the populations. The phenomenon of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) existed in 5.8S region of rDNA ITS region between F type and H type. The sequences of rDNA ITS region of D. officinale were reported for the first time, and the sequences of ITS region ranged 634 bp (ITS1 231 bp, ITS2 240 bp, 5.8S 163 bp)., Conclusion: The analysis of rDNA ITS of D. officinale deeply reveal the population differences of D. officinale of F type and H type.