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Different sagittal and vertical malocclusions exhibit different characteristics in the growth, development, and final morphology of the temporomandibular joint. Different skeletal malocclusions affect the spatial and morphological characteristics of the final temporomandibular joint through different growth and development mechanisms. These mechanisms have important guiding significance for determining the etiology and guiding treatment plans of maxillofacial malocclusion in children and adolescents in clinical practice. This article summarized and analyzed morphological differences of the temporomandibular joint fossa and condyle in different sagittal and vertical malocclusions, as well as the relative position of the condyle in the fossa. It is found that there is a connection between different maxillofacial malocclusions and the characteristics of the temporomandibular joint, with the vertical direction having a more significant impact on the temporomandibular joint than the sagittal direction;the impact of vertical malocclusion on the temporomandibular joint is mainly reflected in the shape of the joint fossa and the position of the condyle in the fossa. The joint fossa of hyperdivergent malocclusion is often relatively low and flat, with the condyle located in the anterior upper position of the fossa. The joint fossa of hypodivergent is relatively narrow and deep, and the condyle is relatively backward and lower in the joint fossa. The possible mechanisms were also elaborated, providing reference for clinicians’ comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.

With the continuous promotion of energy revolution and energy transition, the product oil consumption in China will peak, and the trend of low delivery volume of product oil pipelines becomes evident increasingly, which puts enormous pressure on product oil pipeline companies. At the same time, as the “ammonia-hydrogen” green energy and “liquid sunshine” carbon neutralization technical routes are hotly promoted, and the related industries are developed vigorously, the production of liquid ammonia and methanol is bound to grow massively in the future. Therefore, a technical route for the large-scale batch transportation of liquid ammonia, methanol and other liquid new energy through the existing product oil pipeline systems was proposed, aiming to help the product oil pipeline companies create new growth poles.The batch transportation technology of liquid ammonia/methanol in product oil pipelines was systematically overviewed. Besides, five major technical challenges, including the hydraulic and thermal characteristics in batch transportation, prediction of mixed oil development,batch establishment and mixed oil cutting and treatment, applicability of pipeline materials and equipment, and leakage diffusion and safety protection, were elaborated. This could provide reasonable suggestions and reference directions for the field application of the batch transportation technology of liquid ammonia/methanol/product oil.

Aimed at the lack of awarness of safety and airworthiness state perception ability of airport ice runway and the new demand of interaction of runway surface condition report, a multi-scale feature fusion based ice and snow state perception model of airport runway is proposed. Based on the YOLOX-s model, first, the global context block (GC block) is introduced into the backbone feature extraction network to obtain more abundant shallow and deep features. Then, the PANet networks in neck are replaced with the bi-directional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) to improve the feature fusion ability. Afterwards, an adaptive spatial feature fusion (ASFF) structure is added to the tail of the enhanced feature extraction network to further enhance the feature fusion effect. Finally, α-EIoU is used to optimize the loss function to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of the model. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOX-s model has an average accuracy of 91.53% in the snow and ice pollutant data set obtained from the runway snow and ice experimental system, which is 4.68% higher than the original YOLOX-s model, and can provide decision-making support for airport runway snow removal operations.

The aroma components of two grades of Huangjincha tea 2 were investigated by using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to establish their aroma fingerprints. The results were analyzed using chemometrics. Totally 81 aroma components were identified, 41 of which were common to both. Based on these common aroma components, the two grades could be discriminated by orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA), and nine differential aroma components between them were identified including heptanal, limonene, trans-β-ocimene, 1-octanol, (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, trans-nerolidol, 1,10-diepicubenol, epicubenol, and methyl hexadecanoate. A linear discriminant model to distinguish the two grades was established using the differential aroma components as independent variables. The self-validation and cross-validation accuracy of this model were 100%. These results may provide an objective and quantitative reference for the classification of Huangjincha 2.

Medical porous titanium and titanium alloys have been used well in clinical applications.However,in order to accelerate good bone healing and osseointegration in vivo,it is necessary to modify the surface of porous titanium and titanium alloys.In this paper,the preparation methods of medical porous titanium and titanium alloys were briefly introduced,including powder metallurgy,metal deposition and casting.Then,two frequently-used surface modification methods for medical porous titanium and titanium alloys at home and abroad,namely,preparation of bioactive coatings and surface chemical modification,were mainly reviewed.

Background The turnover intention level of general practitioners (GPs) in primary care in China is relatively high, and identification of its associated factors will offer insights into the curbing of outflow of health talents in primary care. The targeted admission medical graduates (TAMG) who completed the "5+3" standardized general residency program (5-year undergraduate medical education plus 3-year standardized residency training) have gradually entered primary care to fulfill their preadmission commitments, but research on their turnover intention after the tenure is few. Objective To explore the turnover intention and associated factors in Guizhou's TAMG trained with the "5+3" standardized general residency program after fulfilling their preadmission commitments in primary care, providing a basis for improving the policies about retaining the in-service health talents and developing the general practice workforce. Methods Participants were TAMG who were working in primary hospitals of Guizhou for fulfilling their preadmission commitments after finishing the "5+3" standardized general residency program at the end of 2020 (with a starting time for the 3-year standardized residency training of 2015—2017) . An online questionnaire survey was conducted with them from January 20 to February 10, 2021 for understanding their general information, self-assessed job satisfaction, turnover intention and planned career development after the expiration of services. Three hundred and eleven (89.6%) of the 347 cases who returned responsive questionnaires were selected as the final participants. Univariate and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the factors related to turnover intention. Results The average turnover intention score for the respondents was (3.98±0.98) points. The prevalence of having turnover intention was 73.6% (229/311) . The level of turnover intention differed obviously by sex, hospital location, and daily workload (P

The rare earth conversion film has attracted more and more attention in recent years because of its good corrosion resistance and non - toxicity. The concept and film forming mechanism of rare earth conversion film were briefly introduced, and the application of rare earth in corrosion prevention for ferrous metals as well as the nonferrous metals of aluminum, magnesium, zinc and their alloys was summarized. This study found that the corrosion resistance of composite rare earth conversion film was better than that of the single rare earth conversion film. Moreover, it also explained the reason why cerium conversion film had better corrosion resistance than other rare earth conversion films. Finally, it pointed out that the composite rare earth conversion film, rare earth composite alloy coating and densification of rare earth conversion film would be the development direction.

Wall sticking of condensate oil always has influence on the pipeline flow assurance in surface gathering and transportation. Presently, the research methods and adhesion mechanism for wall sticking of condensate oil are not clear.Thus, the systematic investigation was performed for the progress of research on the interfacial behavior and adhesion of crude oil at home and abroad, and the current mature adhesion theories and models were combed and compared. Besides, the influencing factors of the interfacial behavior and adhesion of crude oil were discussed, and the current applicable experimental equipment and test analysis methods for interfacial behavior were summarized. In particular, the research on the interfacial behavior and adhesion of crude oil by molecular dynamics simulation was also discussed. Finally, some thoughts and enlightenment were given for the study on the wall sticking mechanism of crude oil, which will be of great significance to further reveal the wall sticking mechanism of condensate oil in low-temperature gathering and transportation.(2 Figures, 3 Tables, 95 References)

Aimed at the problem of weak coordination and low balance of distributed resources under multiple parallel deicing tasks, a cooperative control method of aircraft ground deicing resources based on multi-agent negotiation was proposed, which combined airport deicing resource allocation and space-time distribution. A framework for collaborative operation of multi-agent deicing resources was established, and a resource optimization method for the bidding mechanism of a global collaborative consortium was designed to improve the overall task balance. Based on the operating plan, an autonomous multi-agent resource collaborative optimization model was constructed. The model predictive control method was applied to generate a collaborative control strategy, and the feasibility was verified in actual scenarios. The results demonstrate that the resource coordination and anti-interference ability of the proposed method are significantly enhanced while meeting the real-time requirements. Compared with the results obtained by other methods, the average takeoff tolerance is 4.89 min, increased by 1.015 min, and the average utilization rate is increased by 15.28%, which can ensure the safety and synergy of deicing resources.

In view of problems that traditional risk assessment and reliability analysis methods of power grid focused on relay protection reliability indicators and did not involve change of reliability and actual risk in operation of relay protection device, the paper put forward a method that used three-parameter Weibull distribution to estimate time-varying failure rate, and established Markov model with 10 state based on multiple factors. It obtained time-varying failure rate function model through analyzing and processing data of power grid operation and management by Matlab simulation software; in combination with software and hardware and management factors, it also built process hidden risk assessment system of relay protection device based on Markov model by PSS/E software. The experimental results show that the system can early find and rectify hidden danger in power grid, which improves management level of the power grid, and realizes safe and stable operation of the power grid.

The shell mold-HIP forming process of TC4 pre-alloyed powder was investigated. The shrinkage of the molding part was revealed, and the microstructure and tensile property of the alloy as well as the interface between the alloy and mold were analyzed. Results show that the molding part with complete shape and a relative density of 98% is achieved by mold-HIP forming process. During densification, there is a small amount of shrinkage along the length and width of the molding part, while it is much larger along the depth, which reaches 30% in the centre; the process results in fine uniform basketweave microstructure, with a minority of equiaxed α grains surrounding the lamellar; the plasticity of the shell mold-HIP alloy is more than 1.5 times as much the casting alloy; the ultimate tensile strength of the shell mold-HIP alloy is up to and even higher than the level of the forged alloy. There is no obvious interface reaction between the TC4 alloy and shell mold during the HIP process, while a loose layer of about 10μm is formed on the alloy surface of the part.

The reconstruction of litho-paleogeography has an important role in understanding the evolution of sedimentary environments and the spatial distribution of sedimentary formations, and for hydrocarbon exploration. The unique location and evolution of structures caused complicated tectonic-sedimentary differentiation of the Permian in the Sichuan Basin. Previous studies have reported differences in their understanding of the original geographical pattern of the Permian in the Sichuan Basin. This has limited the prediction of favorable exploration facies belts in the Chihsia and Maokou Formations to a certain extent. In this study, the stratigraphy and sequence boundaries were interpreted from combined seismic and well log data and field data surrounding the Sichuan Basin. On this basis, the Chihsia Formation was divided into two third-order sequences, SQ1 and SQ2, and the Maokou Formation into three third-order sequences, SQ3, SQ4 and SQ5. Five paleogeographic maps were created based on the sedimentary facies evidence and characteristics of these 3rd-order sequences. These reveal that the tectonic features transitioned from the northeast of the Chihsia stage to the northwest of the Maokou stage. Tectonic-sedimentary differentiation features transition from the uplift and depression of the quasi-stable background in the Chihsia stage to platform/trough differentiation of the unstable background in the Maokou stage. The favorable exploration facies belt in the Chihsia Formation in the quasi-stable period was mainly due to the relatively flat landform, with slight uplift under water. The dolomite shoal facies is evident in a belt and ring structure. The unstable Maokou Formation was influenced by the regional extensional structural background and syndepositional normal fault activity. Favorable exploration facies belts occur in trough and peninsula structures. The platform margin between the Chihsia and Maokou periods marks the origin of shallow-water geomorphology. The favorable exploration areas are mainly in the backshore cloud shoal facies belt inside the margin. This differs from reef-sedimentary zones, where favorable exploration facies belts occur at the edge of the platform of a high-energy reef beach along the shore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the efficiency of the airport gate operation, this paper analyzes and describes the gate operation process accurately. Based on the analysis of the operation process of the airport inbound and outbound flights, the gate operation process is abstracted as a relational spatio-temporal network, the logical relationship between the flight and the gate is described qualitatively. The gate operation information is described quantitatively by using the flight time window, gate location and other characteristic parameters. A quantitative description model of airport gate operation process based on relational spatio-temporal network is proposed. The proposed model is verified by the actual gate operation data of a large domestic airport hub. The results show that, the relational spatio-temporal network model conforms to the power-law distribution, 58.62% of the average node error is 0.1724h, the average node degree distribution is 0.6667, and the average clustering coefficient is 0.8075. The nodes with higher node degree distribution and clustering coefficient are the key nodes, corresponding to the key flights with greater influence. Compared with the existing models, the macro and micro feature parameters of the situation information can improve the accuracy of scene description and effectively adapt to the change of data scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bridgeless pseudo-boost power factor correction ( PFC)converter is presented in this paper, which completely eliminates the diode rectifier bridge existed in the conventional boost PFC converter. The proposed converter has the characteristics of conventional PWM converter, and its voltage transfer ratio is similar to that of conventional boost converter, with no relation to resonant parameters and switching frequency,although it has resonant branch. The principle of Pseudo-Boost PFC converter was analyzed. It shows a traditional Boost PFC converter features whether in the AC input voltage of positive half cycle or in negative half cycle. To verify the validity of the proposed converter, digital control scheme of the control strategy in one cycle control was applied. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed converter output voltage stability, AC input current and voltage phase is the same, the power factor can reach 1, and with the function of the PFC converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the efficacy of blood letting under pain point touch and ultrasound-guided puncture decompression in the treatment of acute supraspinatus muscle calcifying tendinitis., Methods: From January 2020 to January 2023, 45 patients with acute supraspinatus muscle calcifying tendinitis were selected and divided into treatment group and control group. In the treatment group, a total of 22 patients were treated with ultrasound-guided puncture decompression, including 16 females and 6 males, aged from 20 to 64 years old(39.31±5.80) years old, 11 on the left shoulder and 11 on the right shoulder. In the control group, there were 23 cases, including 15 females and 8 males, aged from 19 to 66 years old (40.67±6.13) years old, 12 on the left shoulder and 13 on the right shoulder. The treatment was treated with pain point touch bloodletting therapy. The visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, University of California, Los Angeles(UCLA) shoulder system score and shoulder Constant-Murley score were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect before treatment, 1 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after treatment, respectively., Results: One patient in the control group gave up follow-up for personal reasons after 1 week of treatment, and the other 44 patients completed all follow-up. Six months after treatment, there were no recurrence cases in both groups. After statistical analysis, VAS pain score, UCLA score and Constant-Murley score of the treatment group and the control group were significantly different from those before treatment ( P <0.05), and the improvement was more obvious in the treatment group. There was no statistical significance between the two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Bloodletting under pain point touch and ultrasound-guided puncture decompression are effective in the treatment of acute calcific supraspinatus tendinitis, with simple operation and low cost, which can effectively reduce local pain and effectively improve shoulder joint function. Primary hospitals can selectively operate treatment according to their own conditions.

Environmental exposures have significant impacts on human health and can contribute to the occurrence and development of diseases. Pollutants can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, dermal absorption, or mother-to-child transmission, and can metabolize and/or accumulate in different tissues and organs. These pollutants can recognize and interact with various biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites, disrupting biological processes and leading to adverse effects in living organisms. Thus, it is crucial to analysis the exogenous pollutants in the body, identify potential biomarkers and investigate their toxic effects. Numerous studies have shown that the metabolism rate of environmental pollutants greatly differs in various tissues and organs, their accumulation is also heterogeneous and dynamically changing. Moreover, the synthesis and accumulation of endogenous metabolites exhibit precise spatial distributions in tissues and cells. Mapping the spatial distributions of both pollutants and endogenous metabolites can discover relevant exposure biomarkers and provide a better understanding of their toxic effects and molecular mechanisms. Mass spectrometry is currently the preferred method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of various compounds, and has been extensively utilized in pollutant and metabolomics analyses. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an emerging technology for molecular imaging that combines the information obtained by mass spectrometry with the visualization of the two- and three-dimensional spatial distributions of various molecular species in thin sample sections. Unlike other molecular imaging techniques, MSI can perform the label-free and untargeted analysis of thousands of molecules, such as elements, metabolites, lipids, peptides, proteins, pollutants, and drugs, in a single experiment with high sensitivity and throughput. Different MSI technologies, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging, secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry imaging, have been introduced for the mapping of compounds and elements in biological, medical, and clinical research. MSI technologies have recently been utilized to characterize the spatial distribution of pollutants in the whole body and specific tissues of organisms, assess the toxic effects of pollutants at the molecular level, and identify exposure biomarkers. Such developments have brought new perspectives to investigate the toxicity of environmental pollutants. In this review, we provide an overview of the principles, characteristics, mass analyzers, and workflows of different MSI techniques and introduce their latest application advances in the analysis of environmental pollutants and their toxic effects.

This study aims to identify the anti-pneumonia targets of Xiaoer Xiaoji Zhike Oral Liquid(XXZL) with &quot;target fishing&quot; strategy and investigate the related signaling pathways, thereby clarifying the anti-pneumonia mechanism of XXZL. To be specific, the magnetic nanoparticles cross-linked with XXZL extract were prepared based on the photochemical activity of benzophenone, which were then used to capture the target proteins from the lysate of tissue with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced pneumonia in mice. Then, the target proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS). The signaling pathways and interactions of target proteins were explored with KEGG and STRING analysis on Cytoscape, and the possible biological functions of the target proteins were verified by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and RT-PCR. The result showed that LC-MS/MS identified 62 potential anti-pneumonia targets of XXZL in the lungs. The targets were involved in Ras signaling pathway, mitophagy, leukocyte transendothelial migration, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, platelet activation, and actomyosin structure organization, which were closely related to inflammation, pulmonary microcirculation, pulmonary fibrosis, and energy metabolism. XXZL up-regulated the content of CD31, and heat shock protein 60(HSP60) and ATP5 b mRNA expression, down-regulated interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), COL1 A1 content, and alleviated fibrosis, which suggested the obvious effects of XXZL such as anti-inflammation, pulmonary microcirculation improvement, pulmonary fibrosis inhibition, and energy metabolism regulation. This study explained the anti-pneumonia mechanism of XXZL from targets, which can serve as a reference for the clinical application of the prescription.

Mr. Peng Zemin, a senior leader of the Kuomintang leftist and patriotic overseas Chinese, had acknowledged the famous Guangdong modern TCM masters Chen Botan as his mentor in TCM for six years, and deeply affected by Chen Botan's way of prescribing large dose of classical recipes. Guang-dong Chinese Medicine Museum has collected a number of Mr. Peng Zernin' s letters, which were handwriting works written by Mr. Peng Zemin himself to his nephew Peng Bingtang who worked in the government of Guyang Wulanchabu League, Inner Mongolia. Among them, nine are related to medicine, reflecting Mr. Peng Zemin' s medical activities, medical ethics and medical practice experience, the way he prescribed after Chen Botan's characteristics of prescribing and applying materia medica.

A series of experiments were conducted to study the occurrence and distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in conventional and advanced drinking water treatment processes of 3 water treatment plants in Lianyungang City. Results showed that 30 compounds of 3 classes were detected from 67 kinds of VOCs in all the samples collected. The concentrations of carbonyl compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons and benzenes detected were in the ranges of 0.04-61.27, 0.02-35.61 and 0.07-2.33 microg x L(-1) respectively. Comparing the changes of different VOCs in three drinking water treatment plants, conventional chlorination process could effectively remove benzenes but meanwhile produced trihalomethanes (THMs). Additional advanced treatment ozonation-biological activated carbon process could decrease the formation of THMs during pre-chlorination but produced new risky contaminants like carbonyl compounds. The changes of VOCs in tap water were also investigated. It was found that carbonyl compounds produced by ozonation could be further transformed to THMs with residual chlorine. However, the health risks of all detected compounds in tap water were at a low level, except that the carcinogenic risk of crotonaldehydes (9.3 x 10(-5)-2.2 x 10(-4)) was slightly higher than the US EPA threshold (10(-6)-10(-4)).

The majority of Hong Kong people are Chinese. They have trusted and relied on traditional Chinese medicine for a long time. For over a century, the professional medical workers, by making use of the regulations set up by the British Hongkong Government to achieve their survival, actively supported inland campaign to fight against the "proposition of abolishing Chinese medicine" and closely cooperated with them for medical education. Together with the immigration of inland Chinese physicians to HK, the HK Government, to maintain the public health, allowed the opening of the first traditional Chinese medicine hospital, and explore the cooperation of Chinese and western medicine. Moreover, funded by the community, the HK TCM hospital paid more attention to charitable service, forming a solid foundation in the masses. These characteristics form a good foundation for the implementation of the Hong Kong Chinese medical policy after Hong Kong's reunion with its motherland.

Thirteen compounds were isolated from the leaves of Rhododendron rubiginosum var. rubiginosum by various chromatographic techniques. On the basis of spectroscopic data, their structures were elucidated as 3,9-dihydroxy-megastigma-5-ene (1), 3 beta-hydroxy-5alpha ,6 alpha-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (2), loliolide (3), ursolic acid(4), 2 alpha, 3 beta-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 2 alpha, 3 beta,23-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (6), 7,9-dimethoxyrhododendrol (7), 7-methoxyrhododendrol (8), zingerone (9), isofraxidin (10), scopoletin (11), (+)-pinoresinol (12) and 3'-O-demethylepipinorisenol (13). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 1-3, 7-9, and 11-13 were isolated from the genus Rhododendron for the first time.

EEG Synchronization is considered the conformity of the brain functional areas. Advanced brain function requires many nervous systems with a specific function in relevant brain regions (areas) to achieve integration and coordination at different levels. In this paper, a new method for phase synchronization analysis-Mutually Approximate Entropy is proposed to process different frequency band of EEG signal during audio-visual stimulation and get Similar results with the method of Synchronization Index and Mutual Information Entropy. This showed that the Mutually Approximate Entropy can lead to a good indication of the phase synchronization between two leads. The paper also explored the brain reaction zone by the results of the phase synchronization analysis. The research work lays the foundation for the brain-computer interface design.

Aim: To investigate the protective effects of ginkgolide B and hypoxic preconditioning against acute hypoxia injury in mice., Methods: Ordinary pressure acute hypoxia model in mice was adopted to observe the ethology, the duration of the death and the degree of brain edema. Meanwhile the expression of RTP801 mRNA and erythropoietin (EPO) were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively., Results: Ginkgolide B and hypoxic preconditioning could both prolong the survival time of hypoxia under ordinary pressure,and significantly decreased the degree of brain edema. Besides ginkgolide B and hypoxic preconditioning could both up-regulate the expression of RTP801mRNA and EPO., Conclusion: Ginkgolide B has the similar effect to hypoxic preconditioning against acute hypoxia. Both of these protective effects may be associated with the up-regulation of the expression of RTP801 mRNA and EPO.

Objective: To study the mechanism and applicability of Bite-bumper combined with fixed appliance in treatment of lingual tipping deep bite., Methods: 14 children aged 12-16 years old with lingual tipping deep bite participated in the experiment. Bite-bumper combined with fixed appliance was used to correct the deep bite. Clinic effect was observed. Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment and after bite opening. The related hard tissues were estimated through the cephalograms., Results: 1) The average duration for bite-opening with Bite-bumper and fixed appliance of 14 patients was 28 days. 2) After bite-opening, the changes in length direction of jaw (SNA, SNB, ANB) had no statistical variances. Anterior and posterior facial height (S-Go, ANS-Me) were increased. No significant changes were observed in the ratio of posterior facial height to anterior facial height (S-Go/N-Me), angle of mandibular plane (SN-MP) and Y axis. Labial incline in upper and lower incisors (U1-SN, L1-MP) and interincisa angle (U1-L1) were decreased. The posterior teeth (U6-PP, L6-MP) were extruded and the upper incisors (U1-PP) were intruded. The overbite was decreased., Conclusion: Bite-bumper combined with fixed appliance can be used effectively for deep bite correction and improve the short face of patients with lingual tripping deep overbite.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of transfection of recombinant human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) into human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFbs), and to observe NO secretion and the synthesis of collagen I and III., Methods: Recombinant human eNOS with karyocyte expressive vector was constructed in vitro, then was transfected into HSFbs which was isolated from hypertrophic scar tissues and cultured in vitro (T group). The HSFbs untransfected (normal culture) or transfected with empty-vector was used as control group and empty-vector group respectively. The mRNA expression of eNOS, collagen I and III was determined by Realtime PCR. The content of NO was determined by NO assay kit., Results: The expression of eNOS mRNA in T group was 5.92 +/- 0.21, which was obviously higher than that in empty-vector group (0.98 +/- 0.13, P < 0.05). The expression of collagen I mRNA (0.76 +/- 0.15), and collagen III (0.79 +/- 0.08) in T group was significantly lower than those in empty-vector group (0.98 +/- 0.15, 1.02 +/- 0.12, P < 0.05, respectively). The content of NO in T group (36.1 +/- 0.8 micromol/L) was obviously higher than that in empty-vector group (28.4 +/- 1.0 micromol/L, P < 0.01) and control group (27.7 +/- 1.3 micromol/L, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: HSFbs can be the target cells for eNOS gene transfection. The transfected cells can express eNOS and produce NO, which inhibit the synthesis of collagen.

Objective: To reveal the correlation between personal anxiety (PA) and dental fear (DF) among the junior college students in Southwest China., Methods: The Corah's questionnaire and personal anxiety measuring indicator (SAS) were conducted on 1 975 junior college students in Chengdu. The collected data was analyzed by Software SPSS 10., Results: A correlation was found between DF and PA (chi2 = 3.97, P < 0.05). The score of DF was well related with the score of the 15 questions designed (r = 0.913, P = 0. 000). The side affections during dental treatment process had significant effects on DF (r = 0. 409, P = 0.000)., Conclusion: A correlation was found between DF and PA among the junior college students in Southwest China.

The volatiles of root and rhizome of Asarum heterotropoides Fr. var. mandshuricum (Maxzim. ) Kitag. were extracted with n-hexane and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with the same column HP-5 (30 m x 0.25 mm i.d.). Initial oven temperature was kept at 40 degrees C for 2 min, then raised to 160 degrees C at 3 degrees C /min, immediately raised to 250 degrees C at 6 degrees C /min, and kept 250 degrees C for 23 min. According to GC-MS analysis, 36 compounds were identified. The main components are safrole, methyleugenol, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, pentadecane, N-isobutyldodecatetraenamide. Furthermore, the analysis results of root and rhizome were compared. The results indicate that the fundamental constituents are nearly the same, but the quantities of volatiles in root are richer than those in rhizome. In addition, 8 compounds are selected as the criteria of quality control, including 3-carene, 1,8-cineole, eucarvone, methyleugenol, safrole, myristicin, pentadecane and N-isobutyldodecatetraenamide.