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Objective To investigate the technique and dosage selection of indocyanine green(ICG) fluorescence staining in laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomy. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The clinical date of the patients who underwent laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomy in the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2020 to October 2023 was collected and analyzed, and the management of the Glissonean pedicle, the method and effect of ICG fluorescence staining during the operation, the dose of ICG injection, and the postoperative recovery were analyzed. Results A total of 91 laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomies were enrolled in this study, including 28 right hemihepatectomies and 63 left hemihepatectomies. The Glissonean pedicle was dissected intra-sheath in 9 cases and extra-sheath in 82 cases. ICG fluorescence staining was all performed using the negative staining method, of which 69 cases(75.8%) were successfully stained. The success rate of staining in the extra-sheath dissection and low-dose ICG group was higher than that in the intra-sheath dissection and high-dose ICG group. The average operation time was (168.5±32.2) minutes, the intraoperative bleeding volume was (152.4±56.3) ml, and the intraoperative blood transfusion rate was 6.6% (6/91), the average postoperative hospital stay was (8.5±2.6) days. One case was converted to laparotomy due to exophytic growth of the tumor compressing the Glissonean pedicle. Four cases had Clavien-Dindo Ⅰ-Ⅱ complications, all of which improved after treatment. There were 3 cases of grade Ⅲa complications, all of which were caused by bile leakage and abdominal cavity infection. They were cured by puncture and drainage. And there were no serious complications above grade Ⅲb. Conclusions In laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomy, the ICG fluorescence staining method was recommended to use the negative staining method of the extra-sheath dissection of the Glissonean pedicle, and a lower dose of ICG could help to increase the success rate of fluorescence staining.

Owing to the long-term acceptability principle of geography, emotion has always been in a relatively marginal position in the study of geography. With the emotional turn of western geography, the research of human-centered "emotional relationship" has gradually attracted great attention from domestic and foreign scholars. To grasp the research ideas, research methods, research hotspots, research progress, and key scientific issues of research in emotional geography of domestic and foreign scholars, this study used the bibliometric method to sort out, summarize, and condense 265 foreign language documents and 248 Chinese documents with the theme of "emotional geography" from 1992 to 2020. The study discussed the quantitative relationship, temporal and spatial distribution rules, distribution characteristics, and characteristics of emotional geographic literature at home and abroad. Gephi software was used to visually present research cases at home and abroad, and Citespace software was used to analyze the co-occurrence knowledge graph of keywords in the literature and to clear the research hotspots of emotional geography at home and abroad. The connotation and significance of the research have been explained, and the research prospects are put forward. The study concluded that the key scientific issues of emotional geography include five aspects: constructing a theoretical model of emotional geography with Chinese characteristics, establishing a sound system of emotional geography research methods, promoting the integration and interdisciplinary research of emotional geography and other disciplines, exploring the operating mechanism and practice path of emotional geography for stabling emotions, peace of mind, and understanding society, and studying the impact mechanism of human emotional needs on the construction of local space. There were many research topics at home and abroad, and foreign research hotspots mainly focused on politics, education, gender and climate, whereas domestic research focused on sense of place, tourism, and residents. After nearly 30 years of research on emotional geography at home and abroad, it can be divided into three stages: initiation, expansion, and volatility growth. Research methods have also gone through three stages: from qualitative descriptive analysis to the combination of qualitative and quantitative, innovative and diversified quantitative methods, and collaborative qualitative research. Academia has reached a consensus on the three-dimensionality of "person, emotion, place (space)," but only a few scholars have defined the concept of emotional geography. Thus far, cognition has not been unified, hindering the research process of emotional geography. Based on the complex patterns of emotional geography, time-complex processes, and time-space complex features, follow-up research is needed to collaboratively couple with multidisciplinary theories and methods to find a scientific, typical, representative, and practical theoretical system. There is also a need for qualitative and quantitative research methods combining with the analysis of cultural self-confidence, rural revitalization, homesickness, and uniquely Chinese characteristics of "emotional relationship" and other social hot topics, to provide valuable and scientifically based references for follow-up emotional geography research, expand scholars' research horizons, promote the theoretical and systematic research of emotional geography with Chinese characteristics, improve the academic influence and discourse power of emotional geography, and serve mankind better.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-601 on the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells and the underlying mechanism in vitro. Methods RT-qPCR were performed to detect miR-601 expression in NSCLC and adjacent normal tissues, and we analyzed the correlation between the expression level of miR-601 and cancer cell invasion or lymph node metastasis. The A549 or H1299 cells were transfected with miR-601 mimics, and cell migration and invasion abilities were tested by Transwell assay. The bioinformatics was used to predict the target gene of miR-601, and a luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the target gene. We detected the effect of miR-601 target gene on the migration and invasion of A549 or H1299 cells. Results miR-601 expression was down-regulated in NSCLC tissues (P < 0.001). miR-601 expression were significantly correlated with the invasion (P < 0.007) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.011) of NSCLC. Overexpression of miR-601 mimics in A549 or H1299 cells reduced cell migration and invasion. MMP-17 was a target gene of miR-601. Overexpression of MMP-17 significantly promoted the migration and invasion of A549 or H1299 cells, whereas miR-601 expression significantly inhibited the suppressed cell invasion induced by MMP-17. Conclusion miR-601 suppresses the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells by targeting MMP-17.

Silane and ethylene were deposited on the surface of conductive carbon black by fluidized-bed method, and then solid phase sintering was used to prepare the silicon carbon co-coated conductive carbon black anode material for lithium ion batteries with excellent cyclic properties. The process parameters of silane and ethylene co-deposition were optimized by fluidized bed. The inlet ratio, silane concentration, codeposition temperature and solid sintering temperature of silane and ethylene were obtained. The phase, microstructure and electrochemical properties of the samples were characterized. The test results show that when the silane and ethylene feed ratio is 2:1, the codeposition temperature is 500 °C, and the solid phase sintering temperature is 800 °C, the co-coated conductive carbon black has the best performance as the anode material of lithium-ion battery. The charge and discharge efficiency of the first circle is 88.19%, and the specific charge and discharge capacity of the first circle is 2 205.0 mAh/g. After 25 cycles, the specific capacity of charge and discharge is 1010.0 mAh/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sound ecological environment is an important foundation for promoting high-quality urban development, as it determines the level and quality of urban construction and human settlements. Taking Xi'an as the study area, we used remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) to evaluate the urban ecological environment. The evaluation index system of high-quality urban development was constructed and the entire-array-polygon was used to evaluate the urban development quality. The coupling coordination degree model was used to analyze the temporal variations of the coupling coordination degree of those two factors. The results showed that the urban ecological condition of Xi'an showed a pattern of high in the south and low in the north, and that the level of RSEI had an upward trend in 2010-2020. The RESI of the six inner districts of Xi'an decreased, but the RESI of the surrounding districts of Xi'an was stable or improved. The urban development quality of Xi'an was improved in 2010-2020, though the quality level was still at the low level. The improvement of the three major subsystems of urban development was uneven, and the increase range of three subsystems from largest to smallest was ranked as ecological subsystem > economic subsystem > social subsystem. The coupling coordination of the two kinds of index increased in 20102020, and the coordination level had been prompted from barely coordinated to primary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With the aging of the society, the number of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture is increasing, mainly manifesting compression fracture of thoracolumbar body, which seriously affects the daily life ofthe elderly. Therefore, to study the relationship between the degree of external force and the performance of osteoporotic thoracolumbar body fracture on MRI STIR is to provide a better basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the size of external force and a linear black signal area of STIR image in MRI of thoracic and lumbar osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures. METHODS: The hospitalized patients, who were diagnosed as thoracic and lumbar osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures, were retrospectively analyzed from September 2013 to September 2016 at the Department of Spine Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine. All cases in the three groups were diagnosed as osteoporosis by quantitative CT {bone mineral density ~ 80 mg/cm³ ). All patients signed the informed consent. This study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. The patients were dMded into three groups according to the different trauma history: Non-obvious external force group (without apparent cause or external force), low energy group (sprains, bent down to lift heavy objects, and carrying heavy items), high energy group (flat road down hips touchdown, falls, and bruise). Gender, age, fracture site (thoracic lumbar segment and non-thoracic lumbar segment), the number of the vertebrae and the position where would they occur with a linear black signal area of STIR image in MRI were analyzed in each group. Age was analyzed by analysis of variance. Gender, fracture site and the number of the vertebrae and the position were analyzed by Pearson chi-square tesl RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All the 782 cases were included in the three groups. There were 334 in the non-obvious external force group, which a linear black signal area of STIR image in MRI existed in 114 cases. There were 186 cases in low energy group, which a linear black signal area of STIR image in MRI existed in 124 cases. There were 262 cases in high energy group, which a linear black signal area of STIR image in MRI existed in 87 cases. (2) The age, gender, fracture site and the number of the vertebrae and the position in three groups were not statistically significantly different among the three groups {P > 0.05). (3) There were significant differences in a linear black signal area of STIR image in MRI among the three groups (P < 0.05) (α'=0.0513=0.017). Significant differences were found as compared the low energy group with non-obvious external force group and high energy group (P < 0. 017). No significant difference was determined between non-obvious external force group and high energy group (P > 0.017). (4) The occurrence rate of linear black signal area of STIR image in MRI was 66.7% and higher than other groups (43.1% and 33.2%). (5) In the history of trauma, low energy in external force has more opportunity to cause a linear black signal area of STIR image in MRI than non-obvious external force and high energy; and they often occur in thoracic and lumbar osteoporosis vertebrae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to boost optical coherence tomography(OCT) research,Matlab and ActiveX control were employed in the development of time-domain OCT imaging system. In the software, scanning module of system was used to perform depth scan in accordance with the required timing and parameters. NI data-acquisition card was used to obtain OCT interference signal synchronously. OCT signals were processed using some signal processing methods, including stationary wavelet transform denoising etc. The full width at half maximum (FWHM)of the interference waveform was calculated to achieve the resolution of the developed OCT system. The processed OCT data was reconstructed to 2D OCT images. The results indicate that the developed OCT system have been highly integrated with a friendly interface and it is convenient for software maintenance and upgrade. Therefore, it can facilitate the research of optical coherence tomography. The system could be recommended to use in non-destructive testing and evaluation of multi-layered thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which aims to differentiate porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV-1) and type 2 (PCV-2) by establishing a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Recombinant plasmids with PCV-1 and PCV-2 gene derived from the cloned pMD-18T vector were identified by PCR and sequencing. The mixed positive plasmids were treated as positive template for duplex PCR. Results indicated that duplex PCR could differentiate PCV-1 from PCV-2.

Objectives: To investigate how maternal MTR gene polymorphisms and their interactions with periconceptional folic acid supplementation are associated with the incidence of ventricular septal defects (VSD) in offspring., Methods: A case-control study was conducted, recruiting 426 mothers of infants with VSD under one year old and 740 mothers of age-matched healthy infants. A questionnaire survey collected data on maternal exposures, and blood samples were analyzed for genetic polymorphisms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to analyze the associations between genetic loci and VSD. Crossover analysis and logistic regression were utilized to examine the additive and multiplicative interactions between the loci and folic acid intake., Results: The CT and TT genotypes of the maternal MTR gene at rs6668344 increased the susceptibility of offspring to VSD ( P <0.05). The GC and CC genotypes at rs3768139, AG and GG at rs1050993, AT and TT at rs4659743, GG at rs3768142, and GT and TT at rs3820571 were associated with a decreased risk of VSD ( P <0.05). The variations at rs6668344 demonstrated an antagonistic multiplicative interaction with folic acid supplementation in relation to VSD ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: Maternal MTR gene polymorphisms significantly correlate with the incidence of VSD in offspring. Mothers with variations at rs6668344 can decrease the susceptibility to VSD in their offspring by supplementing with folic acid during the periconceptional period, suggesting the importance of periconceptional folic acid supplementation in genetically at-risk populations to prevent VSD in offspring.

Enzymes are closely associated with the onset and progression of numerous diseases, making enzymes a primary target in innovative drug development. However, the challenge remains in identifying compounds that exhibit potent inhibitory effects on the target enzymes. With the continuous expansion of the total number of natural products and increasing difficulty in isolating and enriching new compounds, traditional high-throughput screening methods are finding it increasingly challenging to meet the demands of new drug development. Virtual screening, characterized by its high efficiency and low cost, has gradually become an indispensable technology in drug development. It represents a prominent example of the integration of artificial intelligence with biopharmaceuticals and is an inevitable trend in the rapid development of innovative drug screening in the future. Therefore, this article primarily focused on systematically reviewing the recent applications of virtual screening technology in the development of enzyme inhibitors and explored the prospects and advantages of using this technology in developing new drugs, aiming to provide essential theoretical insights and references for the application of related technologies in the field of new drug development.

Objective: To invest the correlation of sperm high DNA stainability (HDS) with sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and sperm abnormalities and its influence on in vitro fertilization (IVF) in male infertility patients, and assess the clinical value of HDS., Methods: Using flow cytometry-assisted sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), we examined sperm HDS and sperm DFI in 322 male infertility patients undergoing IVF due to female fallopian tube factors only. Based on sperm HDS, we divided the patients into five groups and compared the semen routine parameters, percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm (MAS), sperm DFI, rates of fertilization, cleavage and high-quality embryos, and pregnancy outcomes among different HDS groups., Results: Among the 322 male infertility patients, 119 (36.96%) were found with a sperm HDS of 0 － <5%, 117 (36.34%) of 5% － <10%, 50 (15.53%) of 10% － <15%, 23 (7.14%) of 15% － <20%, and 13 (4.03%) of ≥20%. Sperm concentration, motility and progressive motility were decreased with the increase of sperm HDS, but with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05), so were the rates of fertilization, high-quality embryos and pregnancy (P > 0.05). Sperm DFI and sperm abnormality were correlated positively with sperm HDS (r = 0.236, r = 0.203). The rate of early abortion was remarkably increased in those with sperm HDS greater than 10%., Conclusion: Sperm HDS may be a risk indicator of sperm DFI and sperm abnormality, and can be used as a predictive indicator of early abortion in IVF.

Objective: To investigate the correlation of the severity of teratospermia and the age of the patient with sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and high DNA stainability (HDS) in male infertility patients., Methods: We collected semen samples from 1 393 infertile males from July to December 2021. Based on the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen (5th Ed), we performed sperm morphology analysis, examined perm DFI and HDS by flow cytometry, and analyzed the impacts of the severity of teratospermia and the age of the patients on sperm DFI and HDS., Results: Among the 1 393 male infertility patients, 124 (8.90%) were found with extremely severe, 214 (15.36%) with severe, 235 (16.87%) with moderate, 163 (11.70%) with mild teratospermia, and 657 (47.16%) with morphologically normal sperm (MNS), with statistically significant differences in sperm DFI and HDS among the five groups, and 822 (59.00%) were aged <35 years, 306 (21.97%) 35－<40 years, 223 (16.01%) 40－<45 years and 42 (3.02%) ≥45 years, with statistically significant differences in sperm DFI and HDS among different age groups (P < 0.05). Sperm DFI and HDS were correlated negatively with the percentage of MNS (P > 0.05), but positively with the age of the patients (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Increased severity of teratospermia and age of the patient can increase sperm DFI and HDS, and sperm nuclear chromatin integrity and maturity are important indicators of male fertility.

Sound ecological environment is an important foundation for promoting high-quality urban development, as it determines the level and quality of urban construction and human settlements. Taking Xi'an as the study area, we used remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) to evaluate the urban ecological environment. The evaluation index system of high-quality urban development was constructed and the entire-array-polygon was used to evaluate the urban development quality. The coupling coordination degree model was used to analyze the temporal variations of the coupling coordination degree of those two factors. The results showed that the urban ecological condition of Xi'an showed a pattern of high in the south and low in the north, and that the level of RSEI had an upward trend in 2010-2020. The RESI of the six inner districts of Xi'an decreased, but the RESI of the surrounding districts of Xi'an was stable or improved. The urban development quality of Xi'an was improved in 2010-2020, though the quality level was still at the low level. The improvement of the three major subsystems of urban development was uneven, and the increase range of three subsystems from largest to smallest was ranked as ecological subsystem > economic subsystem > social subsystem. The coupling coordination of the two kinds of index increased in 2010-2020, and the coordination level had been prompted from barely coordinated to primary.

The Qinling Mountains are an important ecological function area in China. Exploring the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services is important for ecological protection and sustainable development in the Qinling Mountains. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal variations of land uses in the Qinling Mountains in 2000, 2010 and 2020 based on remote sensing, meteorological, and soil texture data. The amounts of carbon sequestration, water yield, habitat quality, and soil conservation were calculated with CASA, InVEST and RUSLE models. The relationships between its spatially heterogeneous characteristics and various ecosystem services were analyzed. The results showed that, from 2000 to 2020, the area of arable land and grassland in the study area continued to decrease, the area of forest and building land increased, and the change of water body and unused land was not noticeable. Carbon sequestration was high in the east and low in the west, with an increasing trend. Water production continued to decrease, showing a tendency of higher on the south slope and lower on the north slope. Habitat quality increased steadily, while soil conservation increased and then decreased. Ecosystem services varied across land classes and across ecosystems in the same land class. In general, there was a synergistic relationship between carbon sequestration and soil conservation, habitat quality and soil conservation, carbon sequestration, and habitat quality. There was trade-off between carbon sequestration and water production, soil conservation and water production, habitat quality, and water production. There were significant differences in the relationship between service volumes under different conditions. The results could reduce the risk of trade-offs and maximize overall benefits, and provide a reference for promoting ecologically high-quality development and achieving a win-win situation for natural resource management and human well-being.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of lumbar hyperextension MRI, through studying the changes of spinal stenosis degree in lumbar hyperextension position., Methods: From September 2018 to February 2020, 26 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis did lumbar spine neutral and hyperextension MRI scans. There were 11 males and 15 females, aged from 43 to 85 (64.00±10.37) years. As 6 patients induced and aggravated the symptoms of low back and leg pain in the hyperextension position, qualified MRI data could not be collected. Because of that, a total of 20 patients' qualified data were collected. Mimics Medical 21.0 medical image processing software was used to measure the relevant diagnostic parameters of lumbar spinal stenosis, analyze the change rules statistically, and evaluate the degree of lumbar spinal stenosis and changes in nerve compression in the hyperextension position., Results: The sagittal diameter and cross sectional area of the lumbar spinal bony canal do not change significantly with the body position;the sagittal diameter of the dural sac, the sagittal diameter of the dural sac, and the disc yellow space all have different degrees of decline in the hyperextension position., Conclusion: For the imaging diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar spine hyperextension position MRI can be a good complement for the routine neutral MRI examination, and it is more sensitive to the clinical diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated by long-term maintenance lenalidomide treatment., Methods: A total of 97 patients diagnosed as MM in the Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from 2012 to 2019 were selected, and the basic clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators of the patients were tested and evaluated. After long-term maintenance lenalidomide treatment for patients with MM, the short-term and long-term clinical efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions were evaluated, and factors affecting the prognosis of the patients were analyzed., Results: Before maintenance treatment, 47.42% of the patients (46/97) did not achieve complete remission (CR), among 52.58% (51/97) of CR patients, there were 20.62% of the patients showed minimal residual leukemia (MRD) negative. After lenalidomide maintenance treatment, the patients who did not achieve CR were reduced to 24.74% (24/97), among 75.26% (73/97) of the patients with CR, there were 47.42% of the patients showed MRD negative, the difference showed statistically significant (P<0.001). After maintenance treatment, the median pro-gression-free survival of the patients was 58 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 89.69%. The incidence of adverse reactions was 40.21% (39/97), including neutropenia (31/39, 79.49%), fatigue (21/39, 53.85%), thrombocytopenia (17/39, 43.59%) and gastrointestinal reaction (15/39, 38.46%) were the most common. The discontinuation rate was 24.74% (24/97), and the median time for discontinuation was 21 months. The main reasons for discontinuation were neutropenia (12/24, 50.00%) , thrombocytopenia (8/24, 33.33%) and gastrointestinal reactions accounted for 8.33% (2/24). Old age and positive MRD were the risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients. The adjusted OR was 1.43 (95% CI 1.03-1.76, P=0.034) and 3.78 (95% CI 2.56-9.56, P=0.037), respectively., Conclusion: The long-term maintenance lenalidomide treatment shows a good clinical effect on patients with MM, and MRD detection can assist the cilinical judge the prognosis of the patients. During maintenance treatment, the clinical symptoms, especially blood system damage of the patients should be take care, so as to avoid serious adverse reactions.

Primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma in male is not a very common disease, with nonspecific clinical manifestations. Gynecomastia and testicular atrophy are present in some cases. The levels of serum human chorionic gonadotropin are often significantly increased. Giant lump in the mediastinum and bilateral lungs multiple metastases can be seen on the computed tomography for lung. The diagnosis for it depends on pathological biopsy. Current treatment method is a comprehensive, consisting of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. This paper reported a case of primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma in male, who were diagnosed and treated in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. He was admitted for cough and hemoptysis, and finally diagnosed by biopsy. The prognosis is very poor. Therefore, it is important to take physical examination regularly because it can be detected and diagnosed early.

A 61-year-old woman with pulmonary alternariosis and aspergillosis was reported. The patient presented with recurrent hemoptysis and cough for 3 years. Alternaria was identified by fungal culture. Biopsy specimen showed pulmonary aspergillosis. The patient had been treated with voriconazole at 400 mg/d through intravenous guttae for 7 days, and then switched amphotericin B at 25 mg/d through intravenous guttae for 11 days. The patient was treated with voriconazole at 
400 mg through oral when she was discharged from hospital. After the treatment, the clinical symptoms of hemoptysis and cough were recovered, and the lung CT examinations showed normal.

To investigate the effect of the combination of gastrodia and uncaria on the pharmacokinetics of gastrodin and rhynchophylline, and determine their pharmacokinetic parameters after administration of the combination of gastrodia and uncaria at the ratio of 12∶9. Compared with uncaria group or gastrodia group, Cmax and AUC of both gastrodin and rhynchophylline were significantly increased, and tmax was retroceded by 1.5 h for rhynchophylline and 0.25 h for gastrodin. The change of tmax resulted in a 1.25 h difference in the peak time between gastrodin and rhynchophylline , which was the same between them. Uncaria shows a more effect in suppressing hyperactive Yang, while gastrodia has a balancing effect by nourishing Yin and suppressing hyperactive Yang. As a result, gastrodia could exert the effect in nourishing Yin and suppressing effect of uncaria, which could avoid the deficiency of Yang affecting Yin due to mono-treatment of uncaria. On one hand, the enhanced AUC and Cmax of gastrodin could increase the average plasma drug concentration of gastrodin, and remedy the losing effect of uncaria at the early stage; On the other hand, the increased AUC and Cmax of rhynchophylline could make up the quick elimination of gastrodia in vivo at the late stage. Their combination could lead to an increased anti-hypertensive effect with the balance of Yin and Yang. They showed unique advantages compared with simple dosage increase of western medicines. The results were consistent with the principle of TCM treatment for the hypertension due to hyperactivity of the liver Yang. In short, this study gives a good pharmacokinetic explanation of the balance of Yin and Yang and TCM treatment for both symptoms and root cause., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To observe and evaluate the clinical efficacy of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) at auricular concha for primary insomnia (PI) and affective disorder., Methods: A total of 35 patients who met the diagnosis standard of PI in Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edition) were included. The self-developed auricular vagus nerve stimulator (TENS-200A) was applied at auricular concha, 30 min per treatment, twice a day, 5 days a week for consecutive 4 weeks. The follow-up visit was conducted at the end of 6th week. The Pittsburg sleep quality index scale (PSQI), 17-items Hamilton depression scale (17HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) were applied for evaluation. The PSQI, HAMA and 17HAMD were observed before and after treatment; the safety was also observed., Results: Compared before treatment, the PSQI was significantly decreased to (13.20±3.61) at the end of 2nd week ( P <0.05); compared before treatment, the 17HAMD and HAMA were significantly decreased at the end of 4th week and 6th week (all P <0.05). No adverse reaction was observed., Conclusions: The taVNS could not only relieve PI symptoms, but also improve the depressive and anxiety symptoms, in addition, it may have positive long-term efficacy and safety.

To reevaluate the systematic reviews for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) injections for treating coronary disease, data in four Chinese databases and PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wed of Science OVID from inception until May 2016 were searched. We extracted data according to the AMSTAR and PRISMA checklists to evaluate the methodological quality and reporting characteristics of included literatures. A total of 69 systematic reviews were included, involving 24 TCM injections, which showed certain efficacy in treating coronary disease, and whose main outcome indexes included alleviation of symptoms of angina pectoris and electrocardiogram. In all of the systematic reviews, the duration of follow-up were not reported. Six systematic reviews reported TCM typing. In the 44 system reviews, 1 335 reports mentioned 4 137 adverse events. According to the results of AMSTAR and PRISMA checklists, the quality assessment scores about included studies were not high, and most of the systematic reviews suffered heterogeneity and irrational processing of forest plots. In conclusion, TCM injections in the treatment of coronary disease have a wide range and positive effects. However, affected by the low quality of systematic reviews and the production of reevaluation, the study had some limitations. Therefore, the systematic reviews shall be further improved, in order to provide more advanced clinical evidences to clinicians., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

The cycle of Hemoglobin oxygenation and deoxidation plays an important role in driving structure and regulating function of red blood cell in vivo, has attracted wide attention. But it has not yet been reported about any studies on the oxygen-carrying function of individual living RBC in vitro with the incubation time. This study involved that using confocal Raman scanning microscopic technique, collecting the Raman spectra of living erythrocyte cultured in vitro at different time, analysing the peaks (1636, 1562 cm⁻¹) with characterization of hemoglobin oxygen carrying capacity and the amide III band (1240-1300 cm⁻¹) with sensitivity to conformation for understanding those changes both of hemoglobin oxygen carrying capacity and protein conformation over time. Meanwhile, its corresponding surface micromorphology was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the during 24 h hemoglobin with stable structure and normal allosteric collaborative function occurred alternately with the oxygen uptake of increase and decrease and conformation K state and T state, while double concave disk red blood cells observed under SEM also alternately between stretch and shrink. The conclusion not only provides a multi-level characteristic parameter from a single living cell for the study of RBC oxygen-carrying function in vitro, but also the potential research ideas for the screening of the active component, the evaluation of drug efficacy and toxicity for RBC in vitro.

The physiological mechanism underlying the acupoint sensitization was evaluated systemically by using the method of electric physiology at spinal cord, medulla, and thalamus levels; the dynamic change of acupoint from the relative "silence" to the relative "activation" function was explained through the study on the dynamic process of acupoint sensitization; the biological process of the therapeutic effect of acupoint stimulation was illuminated through the research of the central mechanism underlining the dose effect relationship between the sensitive acupoint and the related brain area, thus scientific evidence for the functional link between the acupoint and internal organs as well as the nature of the acupoint were provided.

Objective: To identify the expression characteristics of the 1700001022RIK (RIKEN cDNA 1700001022) gene in mice and explore its function by bioinformatic analysis., Methods: Using the expression profile of gene microarray, we detected the expression of a new testis-specific gene, 1700001022RIK, in mice. We analyzed its expression characteristics in the testis tissue and their changes in different developmental stages of the testis by RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We performed bioinformatic analysis using a bioinformatic software., Results: The 1700001022RIK gene was specifically expressed in the mouse testis in an age-dependent manner, most highly in the adult mice. The 1700001022RIK protein was mainly expressed in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids of the adult mice. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the 1700001022RIK protein amino acid sequence had a high similarity in human and mice, which indicated that this gene was highly conserved in mammals., Conclusion: 1700001022RIK is a testis-specific gene mainly expressed in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids of seminiferous tubules, which might be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis.

Objective: To develop a method for tumor segmentation on multi-modality magnetic resonance (MR) images based on parameter optimization of SVM model., Methods: Each one of the 4 sub-classifiers was trained using the feature information in mono-modality MR images and applied to the corresponding modality images. The classification results differed due to different information in the selected support vectors of the mono-modality images. By modifying the weight values of the error data points, we chose the best weight values of the sub-classifier to obtain a weighed combination SVM classifier of multi-modalities for use in MR image segmentation., Results: This tumor image segmentation method was validated on the MR images of brain tumors in 34 patients and resulted in an average classification accuracy of 90.59%. Compared with the 4 mono-modality classifiers, multi-modality RBF kernel SVM classifiers increased the overall accuracy by 5.76%-20.11%., Conclusion: The proposed method combines multi-modality images with SVM classifiers to allow accurate tumor image segmentation from MR images with a high precision.

Objective: To investigate cause of chronic wounds and related status of patients so as to provide strategy for study and treatment of chronic wounds and establishment of health policy., Methods: A total of twelve thousand one hundred and sixty-one cases hospitalized in our hospital in 2008 were enrolled in the study. A chronic wound was defined as skin tissue defect which could not heal after one month of treatment. Medical records were thus screened. Then a retrospective study was performed on patients with chronic wounds with analysis of age, gender, injury cause, therapy, and average length of hospital stay. Data were processed with chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance., Results: Investigation showed: 397 out of 12 161 cases (accounting for 3.3%) were recognized as having chronic wounds. (1) The main causes for chronic wound were burn, diabetes, and pressure ulcer, accounting for 59.9% (238/397), 15.6% (62/397), 10.8% (43/397), respectively. The other causes were operative injury, infection, varicosity, etc. There was statistical difference among the numbers of patients with chronic wounds with regard to various causes of injury (χ(2) = 136.21, P = 0.001). (2) Among patients with chronic wound, the ratio of male and female was 2.0:1.0 with mean age of (44 ± 23) years, and the highest ratio occurred in patients older than 70 years. There was significant difference in the numbers of patients with chronic wound among different age groups (χ(2) = 24.12, P = 0.025). There was statistical difference among the numbers of patients with chronic wound in different age groups with each cause of injury (with χ(2) values from 7.86 to 28.31, P values all below 0.05). (3) All patients with chronic wounds received traditional dressing. In 60.5% (240/397) and 86.4% (343/397) of patients, operative treatment or antibiotics were given. (4) The average length of hospital stay in patients with chronic wound [(38 ± 27) d] was longer as compared with that of all the inpatients in the same period [(15 ± 7) d, F = 22.82, P = 0.012]. There was obvious difference in the average length of hospital stay among patients with chronic wound caused by different reasons (F = 24.06, P = 0.036), in which burn injury resulted in the longest length of hospital stay [(47 ± 27) d]., Conclusions: Chronic wounds are mainly caused by diabetes and burn, and characterized by old age and longer length of hospital stay. It is necessary to strengthen translational research and related policy making, so that more rational treatment can be applied for patients with chronic wounds.

Objective: To investigate the total prostate volume (TPV) and prostate transitional zone volume (TZV) in different age groups of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients, calculate the transitional zone index (TZI), and analyze correlation of age with the above parameters., Methods: We divided 1,563 BPH patients into 4 age groups (50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and 80-89 y), measured their TPV and TZV by rectal ultrasonography, calculated their TZI and evaluated all the data obtained by statistical analysis., Results: The TPV, TZV and TZI of the BPH patients were shown to be (32.27 +/- 15.76) ml, (9.55 +/- 98) ml and 0.28 +/- 0.13 in the 50-59 y group; (40.93 +/- 17.45) ml, (14.94 +/- 11.83) ml and 0.34 +/- 0. 16 in the 60-69 y group; (46.56 +/- 20.31) ml, (19.54 +/- 19.25) ml and 0.39 +/- 0.16 in the 70-79 y group; and (47.85 +/- 26.63) ml, (20.40 +/- 16.78) ml and 0.41 +/- 0.19 in the 80-89 y group. Both TPV and TZV were positively correlated with the patients' age, (r1 = 0.232, r2 = 0.256)., Conclusion: TPV and TZV increase with age in BPH patients, the latter even more obviously than the former.

Objective: To study the possible relationship between the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3)., Methods: Genetic diagnosis of SCA3 was made by detecting the CAG-repeat expansion of MJD1 gene using PCR and DNA sequencing techniques. Then polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was performed to analyze the mitochondrial DNA extracted from peripheral white blood cells from 43 patients and presymptomatic individuals diagnosed according to CAG expansion, and 30 healthy individuals. Mitochondrial DNAs of subjects with abnormal SSCP were sequenced., Results: A new mitochondrial DNA deletion of 9 bp at mtDNA 8282-8290 was identified in 1 patient and 3 presymptomatic individuals., Conclusion: A new deletion mutation of mitochondrial DNA in 1 SCA3 patient and 3 presymptomatic individuals is reported.

The technique of confocal Raman scanning microscopy (point scanning, line scanning and 2D scanning) and bright field imaging of living erythrocytes was investigated as a function of different scanning conditions at the excitation wavelength of 514 nm. The biological effect of the 514 nm laser radiation on the erythrocytes was also evaluated, so that a set of proper scanning parameters for different scan modes can be determined to obtain strong enough Raman signal while without damage on the living cells by evaluating the change of Raman spectra and lighted field images of the cells. For the point scanning mode, the laser power at sample is the most important parameter to be adjusted, which normally should be less than 1.5 mW. For the line scanning mode, the laser power at sample and scanning step should be considered at first. Small scanning step means the energy of laser accumulated at a small region, which can easily damage to erythrocytes. Large scanning step can reduce the damage; however the spatial resolution decreases also. It is recommended that scanning step should be more than 0.5 microm and laser power at sample should be less than 0.7 mW. For the 2D scanning mode, besides the laser power at sample, scan step needs to be adjusted, and other scan parameters need to be adjusted properly for reducing the effect of laser on erythrocytes. Large pinhole and relative low temperature of sample are the remedies, which can reduce the effect of laser on erythrocytes. 1.0 microm scanning step, 0.7 mW laser power at sample, 500 microm pinhole and proper low temperature can get better 2D Raman image of erythrocytes. For all scanning modes, if the Raman signal is strong enough, the exposure time can be shortened properly, thus reducing the effect of laser on erythrocytes. The optimization of experiment process is also important for Raman test on living cells.

Cell line is one of the important materials for cancer research. In the present study, single-cell clones were isolated from esophageal carcinoma cell line EC9706 by limited dilution method. Three sublines were obtained, namely EC1, EC2 and EC3. Cytogenetic analysis showed that EC1 was a mixed clone, and the chromosome number of sublines EC2 and EC3 were 117 and 62, respectively. There were significant differences in the growth rate, cell cycle distribution, cell mobility, and colony formation ability between EC2 and EC3. The degree of malignancy was significantly higher for EC3 than for EC2. The monoclonal sublines EC2 and EC3 with different malignant potential provide useful materials for exploring the pathogenesis and gene therapy of human esophageal carcinoma, investigating multidrug resistance, and screening anti-tumor medications.

Objective: To study the recurrence of ischemic stroke in patient with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and to determine the recurrence related factors of ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF., Methods: The clinical data of 386 NVAF patients with ischemic stroke treated in our hospital from January 1992 to February 2002 were included in this study. The basic clinical information of each patient was recorded. Analysis of recurrence and recurrence related factors of ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF was conducted., Results: Overall the 10-year recurrence rate of ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF was 34%. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, transient ischemic attack (TIA), hyperlipemia and mural thrombus in left atrium were significantly correlated with the recurrence rate by univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis; but aspirin therapy, warfarin therapy and hypertension control were protective factors for the recurrence of ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that hypertension, TIA and mural thrombus in left atrium were independent recurrence related factors for ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF; but aspirin therapy and warfarin therapy were protective factors for the recurrence., Conclusions: Hypertension, TIA and mural thrombus in left atrium were independent recurrence related factors for ischemic stroke in patient with NVAF; but aspirin therapy and warfarin therapy were protective factors for the recurrence.

It is considered that saturated fatty acids and their salts may be potential hydrocarbon-generation matters in carbonate rocks. However, there is no effective method to distinguish them from natural sediments, making recognizing their distribution in sediments a challenge. Formic acid, acetic acid, stearic acid, calcium formate, calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, calcium stearate, and magnesium stearate from some chemical plants were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Their infrared spectra were obtained and the distinctions of the infrared spectra between saturated fatty acids and their salts were studied in detail. The differences in the group's electron-releasing ability, molecular reduced mass, ion configuration and the length of carbon chain can cause wavelength shifts of infrared absorption peaks of the saturated fatty acids and their salts. The research provides a method for the identification of saturated fatty acids and their salts in samples from nature.

Objective: Postconditioning is a novel approach to myocardial protection during ischemia reperfusion. To investigate the effects of preconditioning and postconditioning on coronary blood flow velocity and prognosis of the patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)., Methods: Ninety-six patients with AMI underwent revascularization by primary PCI within 12 h after the onset. The 35 patients with preinfarction angina were treated with preconditioning (Precond group). The other 61 patients without preinfarction angina were randomized into two groups: 29 patients undergoing PCI without postconditioning [reinfusion (IR) group], and 32 patients undergoing PCI with postconditioning (3 cycles of reinfusion for 30 s/re-occlusion for 30 s beginning within 1 minute after reinfusion, Postcond group). Corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (CTFC) was used to evaluate the velocity of coronary blood after PCI. Creatine phosphokinase (CK), CK-MB, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before and after PCI. Wall motion score index (WMSI) was assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography before and 8 weeks after angioplasty., Results: There were no significant differences between the three groups with regard to age, sex, presence of angiographically visible collaterals, and elapsed time from the onset of symptoms until perfusion. The CTFC values of the patients of the Precond and Postcond groups were both 27 +/- 6, 27 +/- 6, both significantly faster than that of the patients of the IR group (31 +/- 7, both P < 0.05). The CK peak values of the Precond and Postcond groups were 1242 U/L +/- 801 U/L and 1237 U/L +/- 813 U/L respectively, both significantly lower than that of the IR group (1697 U/L +/- 966 U/L, P < 0.05). The CK-MB peak values of the Precond and Postcond groups were 122 U/L +/- 78 U/L and 117 U/L +/- 76 U/L respectively, both significantly lower than that of the IR group (172 U/L +/- 93 U/L, P < 0.05). The MDA of the Precond and Postcond groups at all time points were all significantly lower than that of the IR group (all P < 0.05). The WMSI values 8 weeks after PIC of the Precond and Postcond groups were 1.2 +/- 0.2, and 1.2 +/- 0.2 respectively, both significantly lower than that of the IR group (1.4 +/- 0.3, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: A simple and operative procedure to improve the coronary blood flow velocity and heart function and reduce the production of free oxygen radicals, postconditioning can be used clinically widely so as to better the prognosis of AMI.

Disulfide bond formation protein A, DsbA, is one of the important proteins located in E. coli periplasm, which is a foldase facilitating the folding of nascent secreted proteins, especially for those with many pairs of disulfide bonds. The crystal structure and phylogenetic analysis of DsbA and DsbA-mediated protein folding, alternatively in vivo and in vitro, are summarized. Both the extremely low pKa of Cys30 , about 3.5, and the destabilizing effect of the active site disulfide contribute to its strong oxidizing power. The Cys30 is also considered as the most important residue closely related to its activity using site-directed mutagenesis methodology. DsbA could effectively assist proteins folding, both in vivo coexpressed with the target protein, and in vitro replenished as foldases. Moreover, DsbA also has the chaperone-like activity in the assistant refolding of genetically engineered inclusion bodies.

Observation of mitochondrion in Aspergillus flavus damaged by citral under uransmission electron microscope, it was found that mitochondria had changes on number increase and shape aberrance as hyperplasia or hypertrophy, which resulted from the DNA replication system in mitochondria was damaged by citral. From the data that free radical in A. flavus which were determined by MDA method, it was showed that citral damaged mitochondria via induced free radical, which affected oxidation-reduction system and energy metabolism.

Saturated fatty acids and their salts widely exist in the nature, and they are well known as important chemical materials. Their infrared spectra have been studied in detail. Nevertheless, few works on the Raman spectra characteristics of saturated fatty acids and their salts have been published before. Man-made crystals of acetic acid, stearic acid, calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, calcium stearate and magnesium stearate were investigated by means of Fourier transform Raman spectrometry for purpose of realizing their Raman spectra. Positive ions can cause the distinctions between the spectra of saturated fatty acids and their salts. The differences in mass and configuration between Ca2+ and Mg2+ result in the Raman spectra's diversity between calcium and magnesium salts of saturated fatty acids. Meanwhile, it is considered that the long carbon chain weakened the influence of different positive ions on the salts of saturated fatty acids.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that remote postconditioning, which is induced by a single 5-min episode of femoral artery occlusion and reperfusion applied just before the onset of coronary artery reperfusion, protects the myocardium from reperfusion injury., Methods: In anesthetized open-chest rabbits, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded for 30 min and reperfused for 3 hrs. All rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 in each group): (1) CONTROL: LAD occlusion and reperfusion only, with no other intervention; (2) Myocardial ischemic preconditioning (Pre-con): Three cycles of myocardial ischemia (5 min) and reperfusion (5 min) preceded the index ischemia/reperfusion protocol; (3) Myocardial ischemic postconditionng (Post-con): After 30 min of LAD occlusion, reperfusion was initiated for 30 s followed by 30 s reocclusion. Three cycles of myocardial ischemia (30 s) and reperfusion (30 s) followed the index ischemia/reperfusion protocol. (4) Remote postconditioning (Re Post-con): After 24 min of LAD occlusion, the femoral artery was occluded for 5 min and released for 1 min before 3 hrs of LAD reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were determined at the end of the experiment. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity were measured at baseline, the end of ischemia, and after 3 hrs of reperfusion respectively., Results: Myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced in Pre-con (15.5% +/- 1.7%, P < 0.01), Post-con (16.15% +/- 2.05%, P < 0.01) and Re Post-con (17.11% +/- 1.70%, P < 0.01) groups as compared to CONTROL (31.46% +/- 1.28%). Results were confirmed by plasma CK activity (in Re Post-con 18.0 IU/g +/- 1.6 IU/g vs. CONTROL 45.6 IU/g +/- 5.5 IU/g). Plasma MDA was significantly less at 3 hrs of reperfusion in Pre-con (2.12 micromol/ml +/- 0.30 micromol/ml, P < 0.01), Post-con (2.17 micromol/ml +/- 0.24 micromol/ml, P < 0.01) and Re Post-con (2.16 micromol/ml +/- 0.33 micromol/ml, P < 0.01) than that in CONTROL (3.49 micromol/ml +/- 0.32 micromol/ml). Neutrophil accumulation (MPO activity) in the area at risk was less in Pre-con (1.43 U/100 g +/- 0.32 U/100 g, P < 0.01), Post-con (2.26 U/100 g +/- 0.28 U/100 g, P < 0.01) and Re Post-con (2.45 U/100 g +/- 0.28 U/100 g, P < 0.01) than that in CONTROL (5.44 U/100 g +/- 0.46 U/100 g)., Conclusion: Remote limb postconditioing applied just before the onset of coronary artery reperfusion provides potent myocardial infarct size reduction, which is similar to the cardioprotective effect of myocardial postconditioning exerted during the first minutes of coronary reperfusion. The potential mechanism of this inter-organ remote postconditioning phenomenon might be associated with decreasing the injury caused by oxygen free radicals and strengthening the action of antioxidation.

A multiplex-PCR assay was developed to identify Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App). Two pairs of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed for the 16S rRNA and the apxlVA gene, which is specific to all serotypes of App. Two PCR products of 692bp and 363bp were obtained, from the 16S rRNA and the apxlVA gene respectively, for 27 reference A. pleuropneumoniae strains. Only the 692bp fragment was amplified for closely related strains including A. lignieresii. Using the designed primers, the method is capable of detecting A. pleuropneumoniae of as low as 1.3 x 10(3) CFU or 9pg DNA. For 302 suspected isolates, this multiplex-PCR method correctly identified 4 A. pleuropneumoniae strains. The result suggests the use of the multiplex-PCR for routine identification of App.

Amplification of genomic DNA is often observed in tumors. The identification of genes in amplified regions may be helpful to the discovery of oncogenes associated with a specific tumor. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization and restriction landmark genomic scanning are applicable to the definition of such regions. The copy number alterations of target genes present in these regions and the levels of their mRNA and protein can be characterized by quantitative PCR and tissue microarray staining with immunohistochemistry. Transfection, RNA interference, cDNA microarray or reverse transcription-multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification will facilitate demonstrating the role of such amplified genes in the pathogenesis of a specific tumor.

Citral extracted from litsea cubeb oil was used as antibacterial drug; toxigenic and atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus cell (AFC) were used as its target. Multi-channel micro-spectrophotometer (MMSP) and micro-image analysis were applied. Under the pressure of citral, changes in AFC were measured, including items such as absorbance, area, perimeter, major axis length and minor axis length. We found that toxigenic AFC had two characteristic absorbent peaks at 410 nm and 665 nm, and that the waveforms of absorption spectrum of toxigenic and atoxigenic AFC migrated and their peak areas increased, and that four morphological parameters reduced with citral concentration increasing. The results suggest that citral damages selective permeability and structure of membrane to enter to cell, and acts on target molecule or organelle to bring changes in physiology and biochemistry. In real-time, in-situ and non-invasive situation, the dynamic changes in shape and intracellular macromolecule are fastly measured during the drugs damage a living cell, which not only provides these changes with necessary physical parameters, but also has an importance in theoretical research and experimental method.