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Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of apocynin on oligoasthenozoospermia (OAS) and its action mechanisms in mice., Methods: Forty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups of equal number, blank control, OAS model, low-dose apocynin, and high-dose apocynin. OAS models were made in the latter three groups of mice by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide for five days. The animals in the blank control, OAS model, low-dose apocynin, and high-dose apocynin groups were given drinking water (［5.1±0.4］ ml daily) containing 0, 0, 200, and 1 000 μg/ml apocynin, respectively, for 30 days. Then all the mice were sacrificed for observation of pathological changes of the testicular tissue, examination of sperm quality, and measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the testis., Results: Apocynin treatment raised sperm concentration from (2.94±0.57)×10⁶/ml in the OAS models to (3.88±0.43) and (4.12±0.53)×10⁶/ml in the low- and high-dose apocynin groups and elevated the percentage of progressively motile sperm from (6.25±3.40)% in the OAS models to (8.03±6.71) and (17.50±2.74)% in the low- and high-dose apocynin groups, respectively (P<0.05). The MDA level in the testicular tissue was decreased from (1.34±0.22) nmol/mg prot in the OAS models to (1.13±0.19) and (0.98±0.19) nmol/mg prot in the low- and high-dose apocynin groups (P<0.05), and the SOD level increased from (26.46±4.36) U/mg prot to (32.46±3.28) and (37.39±5.77) U/mg prot, respectively (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Apocynin can significantly improve sperm quality of oligoasthenozoospermia mice by eliminating reactive oxygen free radicals and improving antioxidant activity of the body. And it can be applied in the prevention and treatment of male infertility.

Objective: To determine the effects of three acidoid bleaching agents on tooth color and dental hard tissues., Methods: Bovine tooth blocks with 5 mm x 3 mm enamel surface exposure were randomly divided into four groups: white vinegar group (group A),apple vinegar group (group B), 30% hydrogen peroxid group (group C) and deionized water (group D), each containing ninety blocks. In each group, the tooth blocks were further equally divided into three sub groups, exposing to their respective bleaching agents for 30 s, 1 min and 3 min, respectively. The experiment was performed under simulated oral environment. The changes in color,microhardness and morphological characteristics of the tooth blocks were tested by ShadeEye NCC,microhardness tester and SEM., Results: Tooth blocks exposed to white vinegar had the most notable decrease in hardness, changes in color and morphological characteristics enamel surface., Conclusion: White vinegar, apple vinegar and hydrogen peroxidhave bleaching effects on teeth, but white vinegar may causehigher levels of damage to the hardness and surface configuration of teeth.

Objective: To understand the dynamics of schistosomiasis prevalent factors after the transmission interruption in Debao Country, so as to provide the evidence for establishing a control strategy., Methods: By using the system sample method combined with environmental sample method, the Oncomelania hupensis snail situation was surveyed through the general survey, round survey and selection check. Schistosomiasis cases were detected from local population and floating population by serological tests and stool tests., Results: Four residual snail foci were found in a village from 1988 to 1991, covering an area of 1024 m2, and 853 snails were dissected but no positive snail was discovered. No schistosomiasis patient was detected among 42,641 persons. No positive was found from 3165 cattle and 2063 wild mice., Conclusion: The schistosomiasis situation is stable in Debao County, but the surveillance of schistosomiasis still should be continued.

Objective: To explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of Compound Zhuye Shigao Granule (CZSG), a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on radiation-induced esophagitis in rats., Methods: Fifty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group (8 rats), model group (12 rats), and high-, medium- and low-dose CZSG groups (12 rats in each group). The rats in the normal control and model groups were given normal saline 10 mL/kg body weight and those in the CZSG-treated groups were given solution of CZSG at doses of 1.15, 2.30, or 4.60 g/kg body weight respectively by intragastric administration once a day for 7 days. Then esophagitis was induced by local irradiation of (60)Co ray (490.25 cGy/min, totaled 30 Gy). The administration was continued for another 7 days or 14 days, meanwhile body weight and daily food intake of the rats were recorded. Seven days after the irradiation, 4 rats in each group were sacrificed under anesthesia, then, the esophageal tissue was obtained for histopathological examination and the degrees of esophageal tissue injury and neutrophil infiltration were scored. Fourteen days after the irradiation, all the survival rats were dealt in the same way., Results: (1) Seven days after the irradiation, the esophageal tissue sections in the model group showed typical histopathological changes of radiation-induced esophagitis, whereas in the CZSG groups the histopathological changes were lessened dose-dependently and in the high-dose CZSG group the esophageal tissue remained basically intact. (2) The scores of esophageal tissue injury and cellular infiltration in the high- and medium-dose CZSG groups were both significantly less than in the model group (P<0.05). (3) The body weight of the rats increased in the normal control group, whereas it decreased obviously in the model group. In the medium- and high-dose CZSG groups, it did not decrease significantly. The decrease of body weight in the high-dose CZSG group was less than that in the model group (P<0.05). (4) Compared with the normal control group, the daily food intake was reduced in the other groups. However, it was significantly greater in the low, medium- and high-dose CZSG groups than in the model group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: In rats with radiation-induced esophagitis, CZSG can effectively relieve the esophageal tissue injury and cellular infiltration, increase daily food intake, and prevent rats from lose of body weight dose-dependently, which show that CZSG has the preventive and therapeutic effects for radiation-induced esophagitis in rats.

Objective: To investigate the possible mechanism of action of tripterygium glycosides (TG) for treatment of Behcet's disease (BD) through observing its effect on serum levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)., Methods: Thirty primarily treated BD patients (BD group) were treated with TG 30 mg/d orally for 3 months, and a control group consisting of 30 healthy persons was set up. Serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were detected by radio-immunosorbent assay (RIA) before and after treatment respectively. And the outcomes were analyzed in combining with the clinical status of patients as well as related indices as erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)., Results: Serum levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma in the BD group were evidently higher (P < 0.05) than those in the control group, they all lowered significantly after 3-month TG treatment, from 10.72 +/- 1.84 microg/L, 6.64 +/- 1.05 microg/L and 8.93 +/- 1.23 microg/L to 5.71 +/- 1.04 microg/L, 4.27 +/- 0.76 microg/L and 3.44 +/- 0.72 microg/L, respectively (P < 0.05), while level of IL-2 in the BD group was insignificantly different before treatment to that in the control (though showed an increasing trend) and was unchanged after treatment (P > 0.05). TG treatment showed the effectiveness of markedly effective in 10, effective in 16 and ineffective in 4 BD patients, with the total effective rate of 86.6%. Besides, ESR and CRP levels were evidently decreased in BD patients after treatment (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: TG may treat BD by way of regulating the levels of IL-1beta,TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.

Objective: To study the effect of Kidney-Tonifying plus Blood-Promoting Recipe on the expression of CD11b/CD18 and Bcl-2/Bax in elderly patients with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome., Methods: Sixty elderly patients with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were randomized into two groups. Patients in the treatment group received Kidney-Tonifying plus Blood-Promoting Recipe, and those in the control group receive no treatment. The expression of CD11b/CD18, Bcl-2/Bax, D-Dimeride, CD62p, PAC-I and the rate of platelet aggregation in peripheral blood leukocytes before and after the treatment were examined using flow cytometry in both groups., Results: The Recipe significantly decreased the levels of CD11b/CD18, D-Dimeride, CD62p, PAC-I and the rate of platelet aggregation (P<0.01), and increased the levels of Bcl-2/Bax (P<0.01)., Conclusion: Kidney-Tonifying plus Blood-Promoting Recipe regulates CD11b/CD18 and Bcl-2/Bax expression in blood leukocytes and improves microcirculatory status, which can be one of the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effect in elderly patients.

Objective: To explore the establishment of the mimetic aging effect in guinea pigs induced by D-galactose, and to detect the biological indicatrix associated with hearing loss and provide a new tool for molecular pathogenesis of hearing loss., Methods: Total of 51 guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups: group A (model aging group, n = 25), which were injected with D-galactose (200 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1)) by intra peritoneum for 6 weeks, group B (model control group, n = 18), which were given the same amount of saline only, and group C (vacant group, n = 15) were not treated. Then, The guinea pigs in group A and B were exposed in noise for 8 days, 8 hours once a day. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was used to test the hearing threshold of guinea pigs thrice, first before the drug administered, then after 6 weeks the drug used, third after noise exposure. And colorimetry was used to analyze the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malon dialdehyde (MDA) in brain and liver tissue. The DNA of inner ear tissue was harvested and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to detect the differential polymorphic markers., Results: After injection, there was no significant difference in elevation of ABR threshold between the group A and group B (t = 1.14, P > 0.05). However, exposure of noise later, elevation in ABR threshold of (22.97 +/- 10.56) dB peSPL was observed in group A, and (14.16 +/- 7.36) dB peSPL in group B. The was significant difference in variation of hearing threshold between group A and group B (t = 2.78, P < 0.05). The activity of SOD in brain and liver tissue in group A was lower than that in group B. the level of MDA was opposite between group A and group B. The difference between group A and group B was significant (P < 0.01). A differential polymorphic marker was observed by AFLP., Conclusions: The mimetic aging effect of the guinea pigs can be induced by D-galactose, and this model can not directly induce the hearing loss. The differential polymorphic marker possibly act as a predisposing factor which can greatly enhance the sensitivity of the ear to the noise.

Objective: To observe the effect of paiqian chewing tablet (PQCT) on lead discharging and health in children., Methods: Adopting self-control and inter-group control method, 94 children with blood lead level exceeding 100 microg/L were randomly divided into the observed group and the control group. The observation period for both groups was 30 days., Results: At the 20th and 30th day of treatment, the urinary lead output in the observed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and showed significant difference as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05). Besides, the total amount of urinary lead discharging in the observed group was significantly more than that in the control group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: PQCT has markedly lead discharging improvement action with no influence on urinary calcium and zinc excretion. As all the routine indexes of blood and urine ranged within the normal extent, it demonstrated that PQCT was harmless to the health of observed individual.

Objective: To construct a non-viral vector for targeting cancer gene therapy., Methods: The coding sequence of H1s-EGFc was inserted into the expression vectors of Pichia pastoris, and the fusion protein was expressed in secretary way. H1s-EGFc was purified by anion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. H1s-EGFc fusion protein and "killing gene" expression recombinant pKG plasmid DNA were dissolved in serum-free RPMI-1640 culture to produce H1s-EGFc/pKG complex. HeLa cells, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) highly expressing cell line, and Jurkat cells, an EGFR non-expressing cell line, were cultured and transfected with H1s-EGFc/pKG complex of different concentrations. Trypan blue staining was used to calculate the number of live cells and the killing rate of H1s-EGFc/pKG., Results: H1s-EGFc fusion protein was constructed and expressed with a purity of over 90%. When the concentrations of H1s-EGFc/pKG complex were 3 microg/ml, 6 microg/ml, and 9 microg/ml respectively the killing rates were 30.6%, 36.2%, and 58.1% respectively., Conclusion: The fusion protein H1s-EGFc binds functional gene efficiently and targets it into specific cells. It can be used as non-viral vector in target cancer gene therapy.

Alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm is a promising method for second-order calibration, which is based on an alternating least-squares principle to overcome some shortcomings of the traditional parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) algorithms, such as the sensitivity to the estimated component numbers and slow convergence. It utilizes an iterative procedure involving Moore-Penrose generalized inverse computations based on singular value decomposition and can be applied to the simultaneous determination of several organic components even in the presence of unknown interfering components. The overlapped chromatogram and spectra system of dihydroxybenzenes were resolved by ATLD combined with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC)/ diode array detection (DAD). The elution time was set from 1.086 min to 1.399 min with an interval of 1/150 min and the ultraviolet wavelength from 268 nm to 298 nm with an interval of 1 nm. The resolved results were in agreement with the actual results excellently. Catechol (CAT), resorcinol (RES) and hydroquinone (HYD) in aqueous solution were determined simultaneously, whose recoveries were (100.1 +/- 1.0)%, (99.4 +/- 1.4)% and (100.5 +/- 1.7)%, respectively. The results showed this experiment can be easily performed without resorting to time-consuming and complicated procedures and quantified accurately. It successfully solved the resolving problem caused by chromatogram and spectra overlapping in the presence of interfering components. It also revealed the ATLD algorithm can be efficiently applied to solve the second-order calibration problem in HPLC-DAD.

Objective: To construct recombinant plasmid with human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene in fusion form for stable and high level expression of genetic engineering product ANP in E. coli system., Methods: Plasmids with ANP fusion gene were constructed by PCR and sub-cloning and fusion protein was expressed in E. coli system. High level expression of the fusion genes was enhanced by linking operons in tandem. ANP was released from the fusion protein with thrombin treatment and purified by chromatography. Genetic-engineered ANP was evaluated with the drug production requirement, and produced ANP was tested for its effects of lowering blood pressure and diuresis in vivo and vasodilation in vitro., Results: A series of 4 plasmid pCW111-114, containing 1 to 4 gene operons respectively, were constructed, and the yields of fusion protein were 46%, 54.8%, 56.1% and 60.1% of total cell protein. Fusion protein in the form of inclusion body was isolated and purified, and then treated with thrombin to release ANP. After purification using chromatography columns, at least 3 mg/L culture of ANP with the purity higher than 96% was produced in shaking flask. Primary pharmacological evaluation showed the produced ANP had the effects of blood pressure lowering in vivo and diuresis in vivo and vasodilation in vitro, which was similar to the activity of standard ANP., Conclusions: By the protocol of fusion gene cloning and expression, the human ANP was produced successfully in E. coli system.

Objective: For further investigating the diagnostic value of the ECochG in Meniere's disease., Method: 112 vertigo patients including Meniere's disease, sudden deafness, cervical vertigo and other vertigo disease, had been done ECochG, glycerol test, audiometry and caloric test. The results were compared with those of normal group., Result: In Meniere's disease, the positive rate of abnormal-SP/AP in ECochG was 54.69% and the positive rate of glycerol test was 53.12%. There are no statistics difference (P > 0.05) between this two tests with X analysis., Conclusion: We think that the glycerol test and other relative examination are necessary for the diagnosis of Meniere's disease while the-SP/AP > 0.4 ms in the examination of ECochG.

The immune function and many other physiological functions are severely interfered with in patients following burn injury. This paper reports the results of determinations of the red cell immune function, the serum concentration of fibronectin (Fn), C3 and C4 in patients with burn injury, whose third-degree burns covered 11.48 +/- 5.80%. The rosette rate of red cell C3b receptors in the patients and normal individuals were 14.28 +/- 4.58% and 17.33 +/- 4.07% (P < 0.001), and that of red cell immune complex (IC) 4.68 +/- 1.77% and 4.94 +/- 1.26 (P > 0.05), the serum Fn level 234.28 +/- 98.05 mg/L and 312.50 +/- 70.99 mg/L (P < 0.01), C3 2014.24 +/- 438.40 mg/L and 1960.00 +/- 613.30 mg/L (P > 0.05) degrees C4 601.11 +/- 84.71 mg/L and 598.24 +/- 111.09 mg/L (P > 0.05), respectively. In the patients, the rosette rate of red cell IC and the serum concentration of C3 and C4 did not change remarkably, but the rosette rate of red cell C3b receptors and the serum fibronectin level were reduced markedly in comparison with normal controls. The decrease of the last two was related to the failure of anti-infectious capacity of patients with burn injury.

From Oct. 1982 to Apr. 1985, 82 patients with HCC proven by pathology were treated in our hospital. 43 treated by hepatic arterial perfusion, were randomized into PDD group: PDD 10 mg per day X 10, every 3 weeks; control group: fluorouracil (5-Fu) 250 mg per day X 4, every week and thio-tepa (TSPA) 10 mg, twice a week. The other 39 treated by intravenous chemotherapy, were also randomized into PDD group: PDD 20 mg per day X 5, every 3 weeks; control group: 5-Fu 500 mg and TSPA 10 mg, twice a week. The objective response rates were 31.8% (7/22) in PDD group and 23.8% (5/21) in control group by hepatic arterial perfusion, and 20.0% (4/20) in the former and 0% (0/19) in the latter who were treated intravenously. The median survivals were 8 months for all the patients receiving hepatic arterial perfusion, and 6 and 5 months for the intravenous PDD and its control group, respectively. The side effects and kidney toxicity of PDD were tolerable to the patients. It is observed that PDD is better than 5-Fu and TSPA in the treatment of HCC.