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Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from patients in intensive care units (ICU) and non-ICU, so as to provide evidence for clinical anti-infective treatment and promote rational antibiotics use. Methods Inspection samples and drug susceptibility test results of patients in ICU and non-ICU from the whole year of 2013 were compared and analyzed retrospectively. All the data were statistically analyzed by using the WHO NET5.3 software and EXCEL. Results 1. There were 469 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients in ICU.3715 strains were isolated from patients in non-ICU. 2. The most common pathogens in ICU were Acinetobacter baumannii (Aba), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (Esk) and Enterococcus faecium (Efm). 3. The most common pathogens in non-ICU were extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (Esd), Escherichia coli (Eco) and Klebsiella pneumonia (Kpn). 4. ICU strains resistant rate was generally higher than the non-ICU. ICU separation of Aba resisted for most β-lactam antibiotic and the rate was greater than 80%, significantly higher than non-ICU department. Conclusions The resistant of ICU isolates is in serious condition. Hospital should strengthen the supervision and management of clinical antimicrobial drug use to control nosocomial infection and reduce bacterial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]