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Let n be any integer. The notion of strongly Gorenstein AC-injective complexes is introduced and studied. It is proven that a complex X is strongly Gorenstein AC-injective if and only if each Xn is a Gorenstein AC-injective module and any homomorphism f : A→X is null homotopic whenever A is a DG-absolutely clean complex. In particular, if a complex X is bounded and exact, then the strongly Gorenstein AC-injectivity of a complex X is equivalent to the Gorenstein AC-injectivity of the module Zn(X), and is also equivalent to the Gorenstein AC-injectivity of the module Xn. In addition, the notion of strongly Gorenstein AC-injective dimension of complexes is introduced and studied.(设n为任意整数，引入并研究了强Gorenstein AC-内射复形，证明了复形X是强Gorenstein AC-内射复形当且仅当Xn是Gorenstein AC-内射模，且对任意的DG-绝对clean复形A，复形同态f :A→X是零伦的。特别地，若X为有界正合复形，则X的强Gorenstein AC-内射性等价于模Zn(X)的Gorenstein AC-内射性，也等价于模Xn的Gorenstein AC-内射性。此外，引入并研究了复形的强Gorenstein AC-内射维数。)

In this paper, we report an elderly patient who had been experiencing poor appetite for one month and yellowing of the skin and sclera for two months before visiting the Department of Geriatrics at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The patient's blood tests revealed significantly elevated levels of serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and blood sugar. The serum IgG4 level nearly tripled. Abdominal imaging examinations revealed diffuse pancreatic lesions, narrowing of the intrapancreatic segment of the common bile duct, and thickening and marked enhancement of the common hepatic duct, left and right hepatic ducts, and branches. Blood glucose was also significantly elevated during the course of the disease. Moreover, nutritional assessment found that the patient was malnourished. After multidisciplinary discussion, a medium dose of oral methylprednisolone was prescribed to the patient due to his advanced age and multiple chronic conditions. The dose was then quickly reduced while the patient simultaneously received low-dose mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) treatment. As a result, the patient's bilirubin level significantly decreased, jaundice subsided, and his body weight returned to normal with improved physical function. Throughout the diagnosis and treatment process, a multidisciplinary team actively participated in discussions and gradually identified the underlying cause. This exemplifies the crucial role of interdisciplinary collaboration in effectively diagnosing and treating complex illnesses in elderly patients.

The interlaminar repairing behavior and thermoforming capacity of new carbon fiber reinforced Vitrimer epoxy resin (V-CFRP) composite and corresponding mechanisms were studied. The results reveal that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the new Vitrimer epoxy resin is 92.8 ℃, and it exhibits significant stress relaxation behavior at temperatures higher than Tg. The stress relaxation time exhibits a linear relationship with temperature; The hot-press repair behavior and thermoplastic molding ability of V-CFRP composites were studied using a three-point bending experiment. The hot-press repair study shows that hot pressing at 180-220 ℃ for 1.5-2.0 h and 5 MPa can achieve nearly 100% repair of interlaminar damage in the composite; The bending modulus and bending strength of V-CFRP composites is decreased by more than 80% after pre-heating at 180-220 ℃ for 5-30 min. The significant decrease of bending modulus means that V-CFRP composite is suitable for thermoforming process. Moreover, a V-CFRP part with three-dimensional structure is successfully prepared by thermoforming process under the conditions of 200 ℃, 5 MPa and 2 h, which confirms the thermoforming capacity of V-CFRP composites.

Weathered bedrock aquifer is the main water-filled aquifer for coal mining in Jurassic coalfields in northern Shaanxi. The regional prediction of the water richness of weathered bedrock aquifer is the key to mine water control. Taking the central and western part of Hongliulin Minefield as the research area, based on the analysis of the factors affecting the water-richness of the weathered bedrock, the thickness of the weathered bedrock, the core removal rate, the degree of weathering, the combination of lithology, the top elevation of the weathered bedrock and the sand base ratio are selected to use as the discriminant indexes, 41 groups of effective weathered bedrock borehole pumping test data in the study area are used as training samples and verification samples with a 3∶1 random allocation method to construct a water-rich Bayes discriminant analysis model. This model is used to predict the water richness category of weathered bedrock that has not been drilled for pumping test in the central and western part of Hongliulin Minefield, and the water richness prediction diagram of weathered bedrock is obtained. The results show that the overall water-rich water in the western first panel of the study area is relatively strong, and the spatial distribution of strong water-rich area is uneven. Most areas of the north second panel and the south second panel have relatively weak water richness, and the extremely weak water rich areas are distributed in the southeast. By comparing with the actual production of the working face water inflow and the location of the water outlet point, the prediction result of the water-rich zone is consistent with the actual situation.

The hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in coal mining areas and its formation are of great significance to groundwater protection in mining areas and the identification of mine water inrush water sources. This paper takes the Quaternary aquifer, Cretaceous Luohe Formation, Jurassic Anding Formation and Zhiluo Formation aquifer groundwater as research objects in the Yushenfu Mining Area in northern Shaanxi. The chemical characteristics and formation of groundwater were analyzed by comprehensive use of statistical analysis, Piper's three-line diagram, isotope, Gibbs diagram and ion ratio relationship. The results show that the groundwater in this mining area is weakly alkaline fresh water. In the groundwater of quaternary, cretaceous Luohe Formation and Jurassic Zhiluo Formation （weathered bedrock）, the cation is mainly Ca2+, and the anion is mainly HCO3 −. In the groundwater of Jurassic Anding Formation, the cation is mainly K++Na+, and the anion is HCO3 −. In the groundwater of Jurassic Zhiluo Formation （normal bedrock）, the cation is mainly K++Na+, and the anion is mainly SO4 2−. TDS in the groundwater of each aquifer is significantly correlated with major ions. In the normal bedrock groundwater of the Luohe Formation and the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation, the spatial distribution of ions was quite different. Through isotope analysis and dissolution analysis, there is a hydraulic connection between the fourth series and the weathered bedrock aquifer of the Zhiluo Formation. The formation of main ions in groundwater in the study area is controlled by rock weathering, and the main ions are derived from the dissolution of carbonate, silicate, and sulfate minerals, and are affected by the alternating adsorption of K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ cations. The results of this study can provide some reference for the protection and rational development and utilization of groundwater resources in the Yushenfu Mining Area.

The mining of Jurassic shallow coal seam in northern Shaanxi coal base is faced with a variety of water hazards, and the traditional coal mine water hazard assessment has some limitations, so it is necessary to carry out more detailed water hazard model and zoning research in this area. Taking 3-1 coal seam of Hongliulin Coal Mine as the research object, we calculate the development height of water flowing fractured zone in coal mining, draw the contour map of development height of water flowing fractured zone, and propose the water disaster mode division method based on coal mine water disaster types by using the mutual position relationship between each aquifer and water flowing height, and divide different water disaster modes in the study area. The results show that: according to the different water filled aquifers(bodies) in the study area, the water damage types can be divided into three main water damage modes: single aquifer water damage mode, composite aquifer water damage mode and ancient Zhiluo river water damage mode. According to different water filling sources, the single aquifer water damage model can be divided into roof burnt rock water damage type and roof weathered bedrock water damage type; the composite aquifer water damage model can be divided into roof burnt rock direct-loose layer indirect water damage type, roof weathered bedrock direct-loose layer direct water damage type, roof burnt rock direct-loose layer direct water damage type and roof weathered bedrock direct-loose layer direct water damage type water damage type. The single aquifer water damage model is mainly distributed in the water flowing fracture zone, roof weathered bedrock aquifer and the area with hidden burnt rock aquifer above the mining coal seam; the composite aquifer water damage model is distributed in the water flowing fracture zone breaking through weathered bedrock aquifer, directly or indirectly affecting the loose aquifer area; the ancient Zhiluo river water damage model is distributed in the ancient Zhiluo river and the ancient river terrace. According to the analysis of the risk of water inrush under different water damage modes, the type of burning rock water damage generally does not pose a great threat to coal mining, and the risk of water inrush is small. Roof weathered bedrock water damage model, roof composite water damage model and ancient Zhiluo river water damage model are highly water-rich in some areas, and may enter the underground through the water conduction fault zone, so there is a certain risk of water inrush.

Objective To explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of naringenin (Nar) on the proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis of keloid fibroblasts (KFs) . Methods KFs were divided into control group and Nar group treated with Nar at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100 and 150 µmol/L, and the effects of Nar on the proliferation of KFs were analyzed using CCK- 8 assay. Western blot was performed to detect the effects of Nar on the expression levels of Col-1, FN, α-SMA, and MMP9, and the expression levels of Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 in KFs pretreated with TGF-β1. Results Compared with the control group, the proliferation ability of KFs was significantly inhibited by Nar at a concentration of ≥50 µmol /L (P <0. 05) . Similarly, the migration ability of KFs was significantly inhibited by 50 µmol/L of Nar (P <0. 01) . Nar down-regulated the expression levels of Col-1, FN, α-SMA and MMPP proteins in KFs, and p-Smad2/3 proteins in TGF-β1-treated KFs (all P < 0. 05). Conclusion Nar may inhibit the proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis of KFs by down-regulating the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cylindrical sine oscillating tooth transmission mechanism has the characteristics of small radial size,compact structure and high transmission efficiency. However,due to the complexity of the space sine curve groove,it is difficult to process and install,and the closed inner cavity is not conducive to heat dissipation. The research adopts the fixing output,holder,no eccentric plane sinusoidal steel pin drive mechanism,with good heat dissipation,the lack of space sine reducer is compensated. By analyzing the working principle and transmission characteristics of the plane sine steel pin drive structure,the method of judging the output rotation direction is obtained,and the formula of its transmission ratio is deduced. The kinematic characteristics and accuracy of the device are verified by kinematics simulation,the basis for the design and application of the mechanism is provided.

The impact of feed particle size characteristics and ore grind ability on the semi-automatic grinding process is much greater than that of conventional crushing and grinding processes. By analyzing the ore particle size characteristics of the ore images on the feed belt, real-time detection of ore block size can be achieved from the feed source. Based on a multi-scale ore image analysis system, real-time collection of semi-automatic grinding ore images is achieved. Through image processing technology, effective segmentation of ore block size and particle size statistics are achieved, providing data support for controlling the block size of semi-automatic grinding ore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A general searching method is presented for the optimum generative design of a cam curve.This method involves the use of Non Uniform Rational B- Splines（ NURBS） outputs for representing the follower motions,namely as displacement,velocity and acceleration. Using a numerical iterative approach optimized in a constraint and objective function set,the optimum design is obtained by simultaneously adjusting the multiple control points and weights of the NURBS parameters. The results yield to a generative motion that satisfy the prescribed terminal conditions that include performance criteria related to kinematic,geometry,pressure angle as well as undercutting property of the system. Particularly,this method can control not only the level but also the local shape of the motion curves to better performance property. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated by comparing the results between the present method and the conventional curves for a disk cam- follower mechanism specified in Dwell- Rise- Dwell（ DRD） follower motion type. Example shows that the obtained cam profile provide a good solution for the strong coupling constraints in the cam optimization design.

To identify high-quality safflower germplasm and provide theoretical reference for breeding, 482 safflower germplasm were analyzed on their genetic diversity, correlation, principal component by 12 agronomic traits from 30 counties and regions worldwide. The 12 traits including plant height, branch height, height of the top branch, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, seedling survival rate, initial flowering, flower color, with or without spines on leaf margin, with or without spines on bract, leaf margin, and thousand-grain weight were selected as agronomic traits for comprehensive evaluation of safflower germplasm. Results showed that abundant genetic diversity was found among these recourses. The genetic variations were mainly from secondary branches number (74.2%), seedling survival rate (60.5%), number of primary branch (52.9%), branch height (51.0%), height of the top branch (27.0%), plant height (23.7%), and thousand-grain weight, (21.2%). Correlation analysis found that plant height had significant positive correlations with other traits except for leaf margin, thousand-grain weight and flower color. Thousand-grain weight had significant positive correlation with the number of secondary branches, and had negative correlations with plant height, branch height, and height of the top branch, respectively. The bract trait also represented significant correlations with branch height, height of the top branch, and leaf margin traits. Principal component analysis revealed that four components contribute 65.882% of all components. The 1st component included height of the top branch and bract traits. The 2nd component included primary and secondary branches. The 3rd component included leaf and bract traits, and the 4th component included survival rate and flower color. By cluster analysis, 482 safflower germplasm was divided into 5 groups at the genetic distance of 1.5. In summary, it indicated that safflower resources had rich genetic diversity. The 12 agronomic traits above could be used on effectively resources evaluation from different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluate the policy effect of the Belt and Road strategy on the economic development of coastal cities and the development of the port and city objectively is a great significance to its implement and improvement as well as the coordinated development of the regional economy and the port-city. We first quantify the port location quotient, radiation intensity and port-city synergy of the eight coastal node regions in China, in order to represent the development level of ports in the node area. On this basis, we use the DID model to evaluate the comprehensive policy effects of the "Belt and Road" strategy on the economic development and the development of the port-city in coastal areas. In order to overcome the problems of endogeneity and common trend assumptions, we further use the PSM-DID method to test the robustness of the DID model conclusions, and eliminate the influence of other factors to observe the net effect of the "Belt and Road". It is found that urbanization construction is currently a short-board for coastal areas to achieve rapid development with the opportunity of the "Belt and Road"; Although the "Belt and Road" strategy has played a significant role in promoting the economic development of coastal nodes, after eliminating other factors such as common trends and shocks, the net impact of the "Belt and Road" strategy on the economic development of coastal nodes is negative. The coordinated development of ports and port-cities in coastal node areas lags behind non-node areas both in terms of comprehensive impact and in the absence of other influences. Therefore, coastal node regions should be guided by the scientific development concept. Improve the port cooperation system, increase the sense of competition among port enterprises, expand the scope of port radiation, accelerate the construction of port information, and enhance the support role of the port for new urbanization. At the same time, the new urbanization development and port logistics development should be jointly planned. Actively adjust port and city development to adapt and better participate in the "Belt and Road" strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposed an integrated approach to determine the ALV (automated lifting vehicle) dispatching and container storage, considering the loading and unloading operations simultaneously. An integrated optimization model of ALV scheduling and storage allocation was developed taking the minimum of the maximum completion time as objective function. To solve the model, a heuristic algorithm based on genetic algorithm was designed. Numerical experiments were provided to illustrate the validity of the model and algorithm. Results indicate that the designed algorithm proposed can improve the computation efficiency and obtain near-optimum solution for large-scale problems efficiently. Moreover, the integrated optimization model considers multiple links, which contributes to the operation efficiency in automated container terminals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of combined expression of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 in patients after curative resection of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods Expressions of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 in 58 tumor samples from resected primary NSCLCs were detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of proteins, survival and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. Results The positive rates of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 expression were 89.7% (52/58), 53.4% (31/58), 46.6% (27/58) and 34.5% (20/58), respectively. Aurora A expression was positively correlated with nodal metastasis (69.2% vs. 37.8%, P = 0.045). The univariable analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) was 75.0% in patients with low Aurora A expression and 46.0% in patients with high Aurora A expression (P= 0.039). The 3-year survival rate was 40.0% in patients with positive expression of Aurora A and p53, 65.0% in the expression of Aurora A or p53, and 82.1% in the patients with negative expression of (P= 0.039). The Cox regression model showed that combined expression of Aurora and p53 is an independent factor affecting the prognosis of NSCLC patients (P= 0.015). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the positive expression of Aurora A, Ki-67 and p53 proteins is an unfavorable factor affecting the prognosis for NSCLC patients, and the overexpression of Aurora A is an independent unfavorable factor association with shorter OS in NSCLC patients. Detection of positive Aurora A and p53 expression may be a useful predictive prognostic indicator for NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the accuracy of two-way satellite time transfer (TWSTT) ranging in dynamic motion scenarios and satisfy the requirement of inter-spacecrafts' automatic measurement, the impact of dynamic motion on the performance of TWSTT ranging is discussed according to the static ranging principle. For two typical dynamic motion scenarios, the principle of the dynamic motion impacting on the TWSTT ranging is analyzed, and the corresponding ranging equations are deduced. The analysis and simulation results show that compared with the relative static scenario, the velocity and direction of the motion and the distance between the objects must be considered in the dynamic TWSTT ranging calculation. If above parameters are ignored, the calculation error will be involved, and it would become larger with the increasing of velocity and distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jiagongtai gold deposit is one of the most representative gold deposits in the south of Danghenanshan Mountain, Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun orogenic system. In order to find out the genetic type of Jiagongtai gold deposit, the geological characteristics were studied, and microthermometry and Laser Raman analysis of fluid inclusions in quartz of metallogenic stages were explained. The results show that the gold deposit locates at the intersection of NW-structure and NE-structure, mineralization occurs in the granite and epimetamorphic marine clastic rocks of Lower Ordovician upper group and is strictly controlled by the NW-structure; most of the ore bodies are vein or lens-like with high grade of Au (1. 98×10-6), accompanying Ag and a small amount of harmful components; fluid inclusions in quartz of metallogenic stage have mainly two types, including gas-liquid two-phase and a little of gas-rich phase; the ore-forming fluid is NaCl-H2O system with low salinity and low CO2, the metallogenic temperatures (236 °C-245 °C) are middle. metallogenic pressures are 48. 7-51. 4 MPa, and the corresponding depths for gold mineralization are 5. 56-5. 72 km; compared with the key features of epizonogenic hydrothermal- and orogenic-types gold deposits, it is preliminarily confirmed that Jiagongtai gold deposit is an epizonogenic hydrothermal deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High temperature conventional triaxial compression test of shale were carried out by using the MTS815 servo-controlled testing machine, based on the results of the tests, the relationships between confining pressure and the characteristic of shale stress-strain curve, peak strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, peak strain were investigated,and the general regulation is obvious. According to the characteristics of volumetric strain,the stress-strain curves were classified into three types. They are dilatation type,compression-dilatation type,compression type,and the confining pressure has conspicuous dilatation effect on shale. At the same temperature, when confining pressure rises from 5 MPa to 25 MPa, shale peak strength (σ1 - σ3) is comparatively lower, indicating stronger plastic deformation', and peak strength and elastic modulus increase with uprising confining pressure. When confining pressure is lower than 15 MPa, shale Poisson' s ratio increases with increasing confining pressure while peak axial strain and peak circle strain decreases with increasing confining pressure. When confining pressure is higher than 15 MPa, shale Poisson's ratio decreases slightly with the increasing confining pressure, while peak axial strain and peak circle strain increase slightly with the increasing confining pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the four typical fruit-crop intercropping models, i. e. , walnut-peanut, walnut-soybean, apple-peanut, and apple-soybean, in the Loess Region of western Shanxi Province as the objects, this paper analyzed the crop ( peanut and soybean) photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) , net photosynthetic rate (Pn) , yield, and soil moisture content. Comparing with crop monoculture , fruit-crop intercropping decreased the crop PAR and Pn. The smaller the distance from tree rows, the smaller the crop PAR and Pn. There was a significantly positive correlation between the Pn and crop yield, suggesting that illumination was one of the key factors affecting crop yield. From the whole trend, the 0-100 cm soil moisture content had no significant differences between walnut-crop intercropping systems and corresponding monoculture cropping systems, but had significant differences between apple-crop intercropping systems and corresponding monoculture cropping systems, indicating that the competition for soil moisture was more intense in apple-crop intercropping systems than in walnut-crop intercropping systems. Comparing with monoculture, fruit-crop intercropping increased the land use efficiency and economic benefit averagely by 70% and 14% , respectively , and walnut-crop intercropping was much better than apple-crop intercropping. To increase the crop yield in fruit-crop intercropping systems, the following strategies should be taken; strengthening the management of irrigation and fertilization, increasing the distances or setting root barriers between crop and tree rows, regularly and properly pruning, and planting shade-tolerant crops in intercropping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora were isolated and purified by column chromatography. Their structures were identified by HR-MS, 1D and 2D-NMR, and their cytotoxicity was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Four compounds were isolated and identified as follows: 2β-D-glucosyloxy-3β,16α,20β-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosterol-5,25-diene-22-one(1), 2β-D-glucosyloxy-3β,16α,20β-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,24-diene-22-one(2), 25-acetoxy-2β-glucosyloxy-3β,16α,20β-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5-ene-22-one(3) and 25-acetoxy-2β-glucosyloxy-3β,16α,20β-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,23-(E)-diene-22-one(4). Compound 1 represents a new cucurbitane glycoside. The half inhibitory concentrations of the 4 compounds exceeded 100 μmol·L~(-1) against four tumor cell lines, indicating no significant cytotoxicity.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the endo-sinus bone remodeling of dental implants placed via osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) after 6 months and using different implant protrusion lengths and bone grafts through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)., Methods: Ninety-six patients with 124 implants were included and assigned into four groups. Group 1: implant protrusion length<4 mm with bone graft; group 2: implant protrusion length>4 mm with bone graft; group 3: implant protrusion length<4 mm without bone graft; group 4: implant protrusion length>4 mm without bone graft. Apical bone gain (ABG), cortical bone gain (CBG), bone density gain (BDG), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were observed and analyzed at baseline and 6 months after implant surgery., Results: The CBG in grafted groups 1 and 2 was higher than that in non-grafted groups. The ABG and BDG were higher in non-grafted groups 3 and 4 than in grafted groups, and the levels in group 3 were higher than those in group 4. The CBG in grafted group 2 was higher than that in group 1. No significant difference was observed in MBL analysis., Conclusions: The BDG of IPL<4 mm implants was higher than IPL>4 mm implant when bone grafts were not applied. No relevance was observed between IPL and CBG. Bone grafts can accelerate endo-sinus bone remodeling by increasing CBG and dissipating the influence of IPL on BDG.

Objective: To investigate the effects of metformin on proliferation and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 and U266, and to clarify the molecular mechanism of proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induced by metformin., Methods: RPMI8226, U266 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mmol/L of metformin for 24, 48 and 72 hours, then the inhibition rate was detected by CCK-8; RPMI8226 cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, 40 mmol/L of metformin for 48 hours, the apoptosis rates were detected by flow cytometry with Annexin-V-FITC/PI double staining; RPMI8226 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20 mmol/L of metformin for 48 hours, the expressions of Caspase-3, PARP, STAT3, p-STAT3, BCL-2, Cyclin D1 and P21 were detected by Western blot., Results: The inhibition rate increased in RPMI8226 and U266 cells treated with metformin in the dose- (r=0.982, r=0.967, P<0.05) and time-dependent (r=0.956, r=0.962, P<0.05) manner; the apoptosis rate increased(r=0.976, P<0.05) in RPMI8226 cells treated with metformin; it also was found that procaspase-3 was degraded and PARP was cleaved when treated with metformin. Proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of RPMI8226 cells were related with inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation, down-regulation of BCL-2 and Cyclin D1, and up-regulation of P21., Conclusion: Metformin can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of RPMI8226 and U266 cell lines, which may be related to down-regulation of STAT3 signal transduction pathway.

Objective: To compare the osteogenic differentiation potential and osteoclast capacity between stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in the physiological root resorption period and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)., Methods: SHED and DPSCs were isolated, purified and cultured in vitro. The two stem cells were examined with ALP staining at 14 days and with alizarin red staining at 21 days of osteogenic induction, and the expressions of the genes associated with osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis were detected using real-time PCR., Results: The isolated SHED and DPSCs both showed an elongate spindle-shaped morphology. After osteogenic induction of the cells, Alizarin red staining visualized a greater number of mineralized nodules in SHED than in DPSCs (P<0.05), and SHED also exhibited a stronger ALP activity than DPSCs (P<0.05). RT-PCR test results showed that the two stem cells expressed RANKL,OCN, ALP, OPG and Runx2 mRNA after osteogenic induction, but the expression levels of Runx2, OCN and ALP were lower in DPSCs than in SHED (P<0.05), and the ratio of RANKL/OPG was significantly higher in SHED (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Compared with DPSCs, SHED has not only the ability of osteogenic differentiation but also an osteoclast capacity, which sheds light on the regulatory role of SHED in physiological root resorption bone remodeling.

Objective: To explore the effect of rocuronium on gastric insufflation related to facemask ventilation in general anaesthesia patients., Methods: Eighty patients from June to October 2015 undergoing elective operation under general anaesthesia at Ningbo NO.2 Hospital , ASA I or II grade, aged 18-65, were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups (n=40): Group R (rocuronium) and Group C (for control). Facemask pressure-controlled ventilation was started after general anaesthesia induced with propofol and remifentanil for a 2 min period while gastric insufflation was detected by ultrasonography of the antrum. The cross-sectional antral area (CSA) was measured using ultrasonography before and after facemask ventilation. Respiratory parameters were also recorded., Results: Compared to the antral area before FMV, the CSA significantly increased in group R and C after FMV [post-FMV:(579.5 ± 167.3), (508.1 ± 112.2)mm²; pre-FMV(479.4 ± 110.2), (451.2 ± 103.4) mm²; t=5.938, 4.302, P<0.001]. All the patients were divided into four subgroups according to the gastric insufflation (R+, R-, C +, C-) and there were significant increases in the values of CSA before and after FMV in groups R+ and C+[post-FMV(647.7 ± 150.6), (546.2 ± 121.1) mm²; pre-FMV (501.2 ± 113.6), (422.6 ± 101.5) mm²; t=7.885, 8.719, P<0.001], without any significant increase in groups R- and C-[post-FMV(496.0 ± 150.9), (489.8 ± 105.1) mm²; pre-FMV (452.9 ± 102.8), (465.0 ± 103.3) mm²; t=1.793, 1.663, P>0.05]. Compared with the group R- , the CSA of group R+ significantly increased before and after FMV[group R+ (146.6 ± 87.2) mm²; group R- (43.1 ± 102.1) mm²; t=3.458, P<0.001]; compared with the group C- , the CSA of group C+ significantly increased before and after FMV [group C+ (123.6 ± 51.1) mm²; group C- (24.8 ± 77.4) mm²; t=4.172, P<0.001]; there was no significant difference between the difference value of CSA in groups R+ and C+ before and after FMV (t=0.983, P>0.05). The incidence of gastric insufflation was 55% and 32.5% in group R and C, respectively (χ² =4.114, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in respiratory parameters between group R and C., Conclusion: The study suggests that rocuronium may promote gastric insufflation related to facemask ventilation (15 cmH₂O PCV)in general anaesthesia patients.

Unlabelled: Objetive: To investigate the effects of PKF118-310 on cell cycle and proliferation of K562 cell lines and its mechanism., Methods: After treatment of PKF118-310 with different concentration, the proliferation inhibition on K562 cell lines was detected by MTT, the existance of β-catenin and TCF-4 in the cells was observed by immunohistochemistry. The change of the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of caspase-3, β-catenin, TCF and BCL-9 were detected by Western blot., Results: PKF118-310 can inhibit the proliferation of K562 cell line by S phase blocking. The β-catenin and TCF in the cells were observed by immunohistochemistry. After treating this cell line with PKF118-310 of different concentrations for 72 h, the expression level of caspase-3 increased, the expression levels of β-catenin, TCF and BCL-9 significantly decreased., Conclusion: PKF118-310 induces cycle arest of K562 cells at the S phase and inhibits the proliferation of these cells through decreasing β-catenin/TCF/BCL-9 thrascriptional activity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of combined expression of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 in patients after curative resection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Methods: Expressions of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 in 58 tumor samples from resected primary NSCLCs were detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of proteins, survival and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed., Results: The positive rates of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 expression were 89.7% (52/58), 53.4% (31/58), 46.6% (27/58) and 34.5% (20/58), respectively. Aurora A expression was positively correlated with nodal metastasis (69.2% vs. 37.8%, P = 0.045). The univariable analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) was 75.0%in patients with low Aurora A expression and 46.0% in patients with high Aurora A expression (P = 0.039). The 3-year survival rate was 40.0% in patients with positive expression of Aurora A and p53, 65.0% in the patients with positive expression of Aurora A or p53, and 82.1% in the patients with negative expression of Aurora A and p53 (P = 0.039). The Cox regression model showed that combined expression of Aurora and p53 is an independent factor affecting the prognosis of NSCLC patients (P = 0.015)., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the positive expression of Aurora A, Ki-67 and p53 proteins is an unfavorable factor affecting the prognosis for NSCLC patients, and the overexpression of Aurora A is an independent unfavorable factor association with shorter OS in NSCLC patients. Detection of positive Aurora A and p53 expression may be a useful predictive prognostic indicator for NSCLC patients.

Objective: To study the relationship between fibrotic focus (FF) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast., Methods: In 167 cases of IDC, the FF was assessed morphologically, and expression of ER, PR and CA IX was evaluated using MaxVision immunohistochemistry., Results: The expression of CA IX in IDC with and without FF was 56.3% (45/80) and 28.7% (25/87) respectively, with significant difference (P=0.001). In IDC with FF, the CA IX expression of tumor cells in tumors with CA IX-positive fibroblasts (35/40, 87.5%) was significantly (P<0.001) higher than that in tumors with CA IX-negative fibroblasts (10/40, 25.0%). In IDC with FF, the CA IX expression of fibroblasts of FF in grade 3 IDC (23/33, 69.7%) was significantly (P=0.006) higher than that in grade 1+2 tumors (17/47, 36.2%). The ER and PR expression of tumor cells in tumors containing CA IX-negative fibroblasts was 72.5% (29/40) and 65.0% (26/40) respectively, whereas the ER and PR expression of tumor cells in tumors containing CA IX-positive fibroblasts was 50.0% (20/40) and 42.5% (17/40) respectively; the difference was statistically significant (for both ER and PR, P=0.04). The age of patients with tumors containing CA IX-negative fibroblasts was significantly (P=0.002) older than those containing CA IX-positive fibroblasts. The FF diameter/tumor diameter in tumors containing CA IX-positive fibroblasts was significantly larger than those containing CA IX-negative fibroblasts. (3) For the groups of tumor size≤2 cm and tumor size between 2 cm to 5 cm, the diameter of the fibrotic focus was significantly (P<0.01) smaller than the fibrotic focus size of tumors>5 cm in size., Conclusions: CA IX expression is correlated with FF, and that in fibroblasts of FF correlated with patients' age, tumor grade, hormone receptors and FF diameter/tumor diameter. CA IX expression in FF might be a marker for poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.

Objective: To explore the effects of intra-PAG injection of ZIP on sensory and affective components of pain., Methods: For determining the role of ZIP on pain-induced aversion, the effects of intra-PAG injection of ZIP on formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA) was investigated. To determine the role of ZIP on pain perception, formalin-induced inflammatory pain model was established and the effects of intra-PAG injection of ZIP on formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors was investigated., Results: In the NS-treated rats, the time in the pain-paired compartment during the test session was significantly shorter than that during the preconditioning session 2 and 24 hours after administration of the drug at both 1 and 7 day post-training (Group NS-1 d-2 h: (465.1 ± 40.6) vs (133.8 ± 29.4) s (P < 0.001); Group NS-7 d-2 h: (432.3 ± 43.7) vs (150.5 ± 26.6) s (P < 0.01); Group NS-1 d-24 h: (500.5 ± 20.6) vs (107.0 ± 15.7) s (P < 0.001); Group NS-7 d-24 h: (450.8 ± 27.4) vs (129.4 ± 21.1) s (P < 0.001)). On the contrary, in the ZIP-treated rats, no significant differences were observed in the time in the pain-paired compartment between the post-conditioning and pre-conditioning sessions at the same time-points. CPA scores also showed the attenuation of F-CPA by intra-PAG injection of ZIP in comparison to the saline-injected rats (P < 0.05). Compared with the intra-PAG saline-injected group, intra-PAG microinjection of ZIP did not affect the formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The study suggests that PAG contributes to pain-related aversion in rats, and the mechanism of pain emotion encoding in PAG may attribute to the activation of targets of ZIP.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of the three-category classification of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)., Methods: Clinical data of 337 traditional SAP patients, who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from January 2001 to December 2012, were retrospectively studied. These patients were classified into moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) according to the latest 2013 Atlanta Classification.SAP patients were further categorized as critical acute pancreatitis (CAP) and non-CAP. Disease severity, therapy and prognosis among three groups were compared., Results: Among the total 337 traditional SAP patients, 253 were classified as MSAP and 84 as SAP. In the group of SAP, 40 patients were categorized as CAP and 44 as non-CAP. Compared with non-CAP patients, CAP patients had significantly higher mortality rate which was 70% (28/40). Other results were all significantly higher in CAP group rather than non-CAP group, including ICU admission rate 77.5% (31/40), length of ICU stay (15.5 ± 20.6) days, Ranson, APACHE II, BISAP, MCTSI, modified Marshall scores 4.6 ± 1.4, 16.8 ± 5.8, 3.0 ± 1.0, 8.6 ± 1.7, and 7.4 ± 2.9, respectively (P < 0.01 in each endpoint). These parameters of SAP group were also significantly higher than those of MSAP group (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Using the new three-category classification to distinguish traditional severe acute pancreatitis, namely MSAP, SAP, and CAP, can better reflect the severity of disease, predict outcome and guide clinical management.

Objective: To explore the role of spinal microglial CX3CR1/ERK5 pathway in the development of neuropathic pain., Methods: The model of spinal nerve ligation (SNL) was established by ligating the L5 spinal nerve with 6-0 silk thread in male Sprague Dawley rats. The expression of activated ERK5 (p-ERK5) was examined by immunohistochemistry test. To detect the role of ERK5 in neuropathic pain, PWT and PWL were measured after an intrathecal knockdown of ERK5. For determining the regulating effect of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 on the activity of microglial ERK5, CX3CR1 was blocked by an intrathecal injection of anti-rat CX3CR1 antibody and the activity of spinal ERK5 tested. Then whether an intrathecal knockdown of ERK5 could reverse the effect of CX3CL1 on pain hypersensitivity and microglia activation was investigated., Results: ERK5 was activated in spinal microglia after SNL compared to the sham group (61.75 ± 11.52 vs 2.2 ± 0.12; 58.01 ± 10.45 vs 1.1 ± 0.11) . The knockdown of ERK5 by an intrathecal injection of antisense oligonucleotides suppressed the mechanical (15.42 ± 3.46 vs 22.73 ± 3.21g; 13.63 ± 2.88 vs. 21.42 ± 4.12g) and thermal hyperalgesia (13.48 ± 2.01) vs (18.05 ± 3.71) s; (11.6 ± 2.33) vs (17.73 ± 1.42) s induced by nerve injury. The blockage of CX3CR1, a receptor of CX3CL1, significantly reduced the level of ERK5 activation following SNL (30.12 ± 8.60) vs (58.25 ± 11.5); (49.5 ± 12.12) vs (35.51 ± 3.74) (P < 0.05). In addition, the antisense knockdown of ERK5 reversed the CX3CL1-induced hyperalgesia and spinal microglia activation., Conclusions: CX3CL1/CX3CR1 regulates nerve injury-induced pain hypersensitivity through ERK5.

Objective: To study the expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX and its significance in molecular subtyping of breast carcinomas. METHODL MaxVision immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the expression of ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6, EGFR, and CA IX in 117 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinomas., Results: The patients' age ranged from 25 to 71 years (mean 49.6 years). All the 117 cases were subclassified into five subtypes, with 66 (56.4%) luminal A, 6(5.1%) luminal B, 10 (8.6%) HER2 positive, 20 (17.1%) basal-like, and 15 (12.8%) unclassified tumors. The expression of CA IX in luminal A and basal-like breast cancers was 13.6% (9/66) and 8/20, respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Among the luminal A cancers, the expression of CA IX in tumors > 2 cm (7/27, 25.9%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of tumors ≤ 2 cm (2/39, 5.1%). The expression of CA IX in grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (18/50, 36.0%) was significantly higher than that in grade 1 (2/21, 9.5%) and 2 (7/46, 15.2%) tumors (both P = 0.006). In CA IX-negative of invasive ductal carcinoma, the expression of ER and PR was 61.1% (55/90) and 55.6% (50/90), respectively; whereas in CA IX-positive cancers, the expression of ER and PR was 37.0% (10/27) and 29.6% (8/27), respectively. The expression of hormone receptors in CA IX-negative tumors was significantly higher than that in CA IX-positive tumors (for both ER and PR, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: The expression of CA IX correlates not only with molecular subtypes of breast cancer, but also with the grading, hormone receptors and diameter of mammary invasive ductal carcinoma. CA IX is a relative independent marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer.

Objective: To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine in acute postoperative pain and remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia., Methods: From January 2011 to June 2012, 120 patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were included in this study. All patients received intravenous remifentanil infusion during operation, and dexmedetomidine was given after anesthesia induction. The postoperative mechanical pain threshold, pain visual analog scale (VAS) score, morphine consumption, and score of sedation (Ramsay) was recorded., Results: Relatively large-dose intraoperative remifentanil resulted in lower mechanical pain threshold and higher dose of postoperative morphine consumption. Dexmedetomidine reduced postoperative morphine consumption significantly, and increased Ramsay scores, but had no effect on mechanical hyperalgesia., Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can alleviate the acute postoperative pain effectively, but the effect is not dependent on inhibiting remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia.

Objective: To examine the feasibility of autologous uncultured bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) in combination with microfracture in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect model so as to provide experimental rationales for clinical applications., Methods: A total of 40 rabbits were divided randomly into groups A, B, C and D (n = 10 each). In groups A and C, 5 ml marrow samples were harvested from left femur and then autologous BM-MNCs isolated. The full-thickness articular cartilage defects were made on femoral intercondylar fossa in right knees of rabbits. Group A: micro-fracture was made on cartilage defect and then autologous uncultured BM-MNCs-autologous fibrin gel complex implanted; Group B:the same micro-fracture was made on cartilage defect and autologous fibrin gel implanted; Group C:the cartilage defect was implanted with autologous uncultured BM-MNCs-autologous fibrin gel complex; Group D:the cartilage defect was implanted with autologous fibrin gel. Five rabbits were sacrificed at Weeks 8 and 12 post-transplantation in each group. And the reparative tissue samples evaluated grossly, histologically and immunohistochemically were graded according to the gross and histological scales., Results: The statistical analyses of histological gradings at Weeks 8 and 12 showed that group A was significantly better than groups B, C and D (P < 0.05), groups B and C were better than group D (P < 0.05) and each group at Week 12 was better than itself at Week 6 (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Both of micro-fracture and transplantation of uncultured autologous BM-MNCs plus autologous fiber gel can promote the repair of cartilage defects. The combined use of micro-fracture and autologous uncultured BM-MNCs promotes the regeneration of articular cartilage so that it may provide theoretical rationales for clinical applications.

Objective: To investigate the seroprevalence of HEV infection in different national human population in Han, Hui and Zang in China., Methods: EIA was used for detecting anti-HEV IgG of the serum samples. All samples were collected in 2006-2008 in Sichuan, Beijing, Heilongjianin, Sandong, Gansuo, Ningxia and Qinghai areas., Results: The total positive rate of anti-HEV IgG was 17.97% (1878/ 10448), 24.32% (1794/7376) in Han national, 3.59% (81/2258) of Hui national and 0.37% (3/814) of Zang national, respectively. The positive rate of Han human at different age group, was 5.19% of < or = 10 year, 11.64% of 11-20 year, 20.08% of 21-30 year, 34.17% of 31-40 year, 41.75% of 41-50 year, 48.58% of 51-60 year, 57.43% of > or = 61 year. The positive rate of Hui human at different age group, was 3.11%, 3.96%, 2.11%, 3.98, 2.52%, 4.57% and 6.67%, respectively. Three positive of Zang human was between 21-60 year., Conclusions: The HEV infection in Han national population was higher than the Hui and Zang national, significantly. The HEV infection was correlation with age significantly, the infection rate was increased with age.

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacies of two surgical methods in the treatment of medial tibial-femoral osteoarthritis., Methods: Between October 2007 and June 2010, a total of 22 cases (25 knees) with severe osteoarthritis in medial tibial-femoral compartment underwent minimally invasive unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) with Sled prosthesis after arthroscopic procedure. And its clinical efficacy was compared with that of 22 cases (25 knees) undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with Gemini MKII prosthesis almost simultaneously., Results: There were no significant difference in general data between 2 groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the TKA group, the UKA group had a smaller blood loss ((148 ± 26) vs (278 ± 36) ml), a shorter operative duration ((68 ± 12) vs (86 ± 12) min), a faster progress of resuming 90° flexion ((3.18 ± 1.8) vs (9.1 ± 2.2) d) and an earlier off-bed time (P < 0.05). All patients were followed up for 6 - 34 months. There was no significant difference in KSS (Knee Society Score), function score or WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) score between 2 groups at the last follow-up (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The treatment of medial tibial-femoral osteoarthritis with minimally invasive UKA is superior to that with TKA in that it is less invasive, there is a faster recovery of joint functions and no significant difference exists in the mid-term clinical efficacies between them.

Objective: To investigate the gender differences in perinatal high-salt diet programming of blood pressure and salt sensitivity in offspring Sprague-Dawley rats and explore the mechanisms., Methods: The rats were fed with high-salt diet (8% NaCl) or normal salt diet (1% NaCl) during the perinatal period. Body weight changes were monitored, and blood pressure and heart rate were measured by non-invasive tail-cuff methods in both male and female offspring rats. The components of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in both the serum and brain tissue, and hormones related with stress reaction were detected using radioimmunology methods., Results: Perinatal high-salt diet did not affect adolescent blood pressure in both genders, but significantly increased salt sensitivity in male offspring rats. Perinatal high-salt diet also increased serum angiotensin II (ANG II) while decreased corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and cortisol in male offsprings, as compared with the normal salt diet group. No similar results were found in the female offspring rats., Conclusion: There is a significant gender difference in perinatal high-salt diet programming of offspring blood pressure salt sensitivity, and the mechanisms may involve the disturbance of the RAAS function and stress reaction.

Taking the four typical fruit-crop intercropping models, i.e., walnut-peanut, walnut-soybean, apple-peanut, and apple-soybean, in the Loess Region of western Shanxi Province as the objects, this paper analyzed the crop (peanut and soybean) photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), yield, and soil moisture content. Comparing with crop monoculture, fruit-crop intercropping decreased the crop PAR and P(n). The smaller the distance from tree rows, the smaller the crop PAR and P(n). There was a significantly positive correlation between the P(n) and crop yield, suggesting that illumination was one of the key factors affecting crop yield. From the whole trend, the 0-100 cm soil moisture content had no significant differences between walnut-crop intercropping systems and corresponding monoculture cropping systems, but had significant differences between apple-crop intercropping systems and corresponding monoculture cropping systems, indicating that the competition for soil moisture was more intense in apple-crop intercropping systems than in walnut-crop intercropping systems. Comparing with monoculture, fruit-crop intercropping increased the land use efficiency and economic benefit averagely by 70% and 14%, respectively, and walnut-crop intercropping was much better than apple-crop intercropping. To increase the crop yield in fruit-crop intercropping systems, the following strategies should be taken: strengthening the management of irrigation and fertilization, increasing the distances or setting root barriers between crop and tree rows, regularly and properly pruning, and planting shade-tolerant crops in intercropping.

Objective: To investigate the changes of expression on leptin, a series of neuroendocrine factors and hormones associated with body weight control and energy balance regulation of rats, which were treated with repeated fasting/refeeding and followed by fed with high fat diet., Methods: Designing a repeated fasting/refeeding rats model (RFR) fed with basic stock diet on repeated cycles of 1 d fasting and 1 d refeeding for 6 weeks. The rats in RFR-LF/ HF group were switched to a high fat diet and fed the diet every day for another 6 weeks. The control rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, control group, high-fat diet (HF) group and common fat diet (CF) group. The rats in HF and CF group were killed by the end of the 12th week. The body weight, Lee's index, body fat content and serum lipid, GH, T4, leptin, insulin, and plasma ACTH levels were measured. The expression of NPY and POMC mRNA in hypothalamus were detected by reverse transcription chain reaction (RT-PCR)., Results: The Lee's index, body fat content, serum TC, TG, LDL, leptin and insulin levels of RFR-LF/HF group were lower significantly than those of HF group whereas higher significantly than those of CF group. The expression of NPY mRNA of RFR-LF/HF group were higher significantly than those of HF and CF groups, while the expression of POMC mRNA was lower significantly than that of HF and CF groups., Conclusion: The feeding pattern of repeated fasting/refeeding can decrease the degree of obesity induced by high fat diet, and also reduce the leptin and insulin resistance, but cause serious disturbance of the expression of neuroendocrine peptides in the central nervous system of rat.

Objective: To observe the effect on EPCs function by Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction., Methods: After induced by serial concentrations of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction-contained serum (XZDCS) and blank serum, EPCs proliferation, migration, adhesion and uptake function were detected by MTT, Boyden chamber, adhesion and uptake of ac-LDL respectively., Results: Compared with the control group, 15% and 10% XZDCS could elevate the cell regeneration for 24 h and 48 h respectively. Both concentrations could improve the EPCs migration and adhesion for all 24, 48, 72 h and uptake of ac-LDL only 48 h. But 10% XZDCS could last effect on uptake of ac-LDL to 72 h and 5% XZDCS converted the inhibition of cell adhesion in the first 24 h to promotion in the next 48 - 72 h., Conclusion: Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction could induce EPCs differentiation into EC to angiogenesis by promoting its proliferation, migration, adhesion and uptake function.

Objective: To study the sensitivity, specification, detection limit and the practical use of MUCAP method for the detection of Salmonella in water., Methods: A comprehensive method of pre-enrichment + selective cultivation + initial screening with MUCAP + oxidase test + serological test was applied to check Salmonella in water samples spiked with bacteria and environmental water samples., Results: the sensitivity of MUCAP method was 100%, the specification was 80.8%, and the detection limit was 1 cfu/100 ml., Conclusion: MUCAP method can effectively identify Salmonella in water and the testing time was shortening from 72h to 48h.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of modified Tianxiong Powder (MTP) in treating oligospermia and asthenospermia., Methods: Eighty patients were equally randomized into two groups, the treated group administered with MTP, and the controlled group administered with Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP), all for 3 months. The comprehensive efficacy was observed; and parameters of patients' semen and figure of sperm were analyzed before and after treatment., Results: The observation was completed in 70 patients. The total effective rate and markedly effective rate were 91.43% and 65.71%, respectively in the treated group, 85.71% and 54.29%, respectively in the control group, the pregnancy rate in their wives was 8.57% and 5.71%, respectively. Comparisons showed no statistical significance between groups (P > 0.05). Significant elevated perm count in semen and more active sperms with significantly better spermic figure, were found in both groups. However, the improvements in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)., Conclusion: MTP shows good efficacy and high safety in treating oligospermia and asthenospermia, and it could improve the spermic count, motility and figure, and reduce the head deformity rate.

Acupuncture therapy combined with medication has been widely used in clinic practice in China and proved to be effective in the, treatment of many disorders. The authors of the present paper review researches on the underlying mechanism of joint application of acupuncture therapy and medication in recent decade from (1) neural regulation, (2) endocrine regulation, and (3) immunological regulation. After comprehensive analysis, the authors think that the mechanism underlying the enhanced clinical efficacy of acupuncture therapy combined with drugs may be closely associated with the following factors: (1) acupuncture stimulation of acupoints leads to changes of the drug concentration in the blood and/or in the target organ and, (2) the reactivity or sensitivity of the target organ tissues to the specifically effective drug elements is enhanced.

Objective: To study the effect and possible mechanism of xiongshao capsule (XSC) on lipid metabolism and platelet aggregation in experimental atherosclerotic (AS) rabbits., Methods: Fractional AS rabbits model was established by denuding endothelium of abdominal aorta with 4F x Fogarty catheter, followed by high cholesterol feeding. Seventy model rabbits were equally randomized into 7 groups, namely, the 3 model groups (Group A, B and C) of different observation time (3 days, 2 weeks and 6 weeks respectively after operation); the single endothelium injury group (Group D, adopted denuding but fed with common diet); the 3 treatment groups treated respectively with probucol (Group E), low-dose and high-dose XSC (Group F and G) for 6 weeks. Besides, a control group (Group N) consisting of 10 rabbits underwent sham operation with normal feeding was set up. Animals were killed at different corresponding time points, heart blood was collected before killing for measurements of blood lipid indexes, including total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The 5 min maximum platelet aggregation rate (mPAGR) was measured with heart blood on the 3rd day after operation and at the terminal of experiment., Results: (1) Indexes of blood lipids were unchanged in Group D and N (P > 0.05); TC and LDL-C in model rabbits began to rise significantly after being fed with high fat forage for 3 days; lipid indexes in Group A, B and C were significantly different to those in Group N, respectively (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); at the end of experiment TC and LDL-C were lower in Group G and E when compared with Group C; the ratio of LDL-C/HDT-C decreased in Group G, E and F, especially in Group G (P < 0.01); a bettering trend of HDL-C presented in Group G, but not in Group E; and reduction of atherosclerosis index (AI, calculated by TC/HDL-C) was found in Group G (P < 0.01), significant difference was shown as compared with that in Group C and E (P < 0.05). (2) The 3rd day mPAGR raised in Group A, B, C and D, showing significant difference as compared with that in Group N (P < 0.01), whereas the index in Group E, F and especially in G was lower significantly than that in Group C (P < 0.05). mPAGR in the 3 treatment groups at the terminal of experiment was lower than that in Group C (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the most effective lowering was shown in Group G., Conclusion: XSC could reduce the levels of TC, LDL-C and AI in AS model rabbits, also inhibit platelet aggregation at early stage and 6 weeks after endothelium injury, which might be one of the possible acting mechanisms of XSC in preventing AS.

Objectives: To investigate the relationships among rotational alignment reference axes of distal femur and tibial mechanical axis, and determine the safest rotational alignment reference axis., Methods: Digital photos were taken of 30 cadaveric lower extremities with knee in extension and flexion at 90 degrees , angles were measured among tibial mechanical axis and a line perpendicular to clinical epicondylar axis, a line perpendicular to surgical epicondylar axis, Whiteside's line and femoral mechanical axis. Statistical analysis of relationships among those axes were performed., Results: The angles among the tibial mechanical axis and a line perpendicular to the clinical epicondylar axis, a line perpendicular to the surgical epicondylar axis, Whiteside's line and femoral mechanical axis were 0.6 degrees varus, 3.9 degrees varus, 0.2 degrees valgus and 3.0 degrees varus respectively. The angle between the femoral mechanical axis and the tibial mechanical axis was significantly larger than the angles among the tibial mechanical axis and a line perpendicular to the clinical epicondylar axis, the Whiteside's line (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference compared with the angle between a line perpendicular to the surgical epicondylar axis and the tibial mechanical axis. Angles of the clinical epicondylar axis, the surgical epicondylar axis and the Whiteside's line between knee extension and flexion were 2.3 degrees valgus, 0.9 degrees varus and 3.1 degrees valgus respectively., Conclusion: The surgical epicondylar axis rather than the clinical epicondylar axis or the Whiteside's line is the safest femoral rotational alignment reference axis intraoperatively.

Objective: To observe the inhibitory effects of acupuncture pretreatment on arrhythmia and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) oscillation in single cardiocyte in rats subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR)., Methods: Male SD rats were evenly randomized into normal control (NC), MIR and electroacupuncture (EA) groups. MIR was performed by ligation (30 min) and reperfusion (10 min) of the left anterior descending coronary artery in vivo in rats or in the isolated and perfused rat heart subjected to a 40 min global ischemia followed by a 10 min reperfusion. EA pretreatment was applied to bilateral "Neiguan" (PC 6) for 30 min once a day in 3 consecutive days. Arrhythmic score was calculated according to Curtis's and Walker's method, and the count of [Ca2+]i oscillation was measured by using InCytPm 2 intracellular ion detecting system., Results: Both the arrhythmic score and the count of [Ca2+]i oscillation in MIR group were considerably higher than those in NC group (P<0.05). While compared with MIR group, the arrhythmia score and the count of [Ca2+]i oscillation in EA group were decreased significantly (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Pretreatment of EA can effectively resist MIR-induced arrhythmia and intracellular calcium oscillation in the rat.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Compound Qidan Liquid (CQD) for intervening ventricular remodeling (VR) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Chinese mini-pigs from hemodynamic and collagen metabolic views., Methods: AMI model of Chinese mini-pigs was established by left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. The model pigs were then randomly divided into the sham-operative group, the model group, the captopril group, the high and low dose of CQD (hCQD and lCQD) groups, the former two were treated with normal saline and the latter three treated with corresponding drugs by gastrogavage for 4 weeks after modeling. Blood pressure (BP), left ventricular pressure (LVP), maximum ascending velocity of left ventricular pressure (dp/dtmax), myocardial renin (MCR), angiotensin (Ang II), total collagen (TC), procollagen type III (PC III), collagen type IV (CIV), laminin (LM), serum hyaluronic acid (HyA) as well as pathologic changes in myocardium were observed., Results: As compared with in the model group, levels of BP, LVP and dp/dtmax were significantly higher, LM and Ang II were lower in the hCQD group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); LVP was higher in the lCQD group (P <0.05); LVP and dp/dtmax were higher, Ang II was lower in the captopril group (P <0.05). Besides, levels of HyA and TC were lower in all the three medicated groups (P <0.01), while the differences of PC III and CIV among groups were insignificant., Conclusion: CQD has a beneficial effect in Chinese mini-pigs after AMI for increasing LVP and dp/dtmax, improving myocardial contractility and hemodynamic condition, decreasing myocardial Ang II contents, decreasing deposition of collagen so as to alleviate the pathological process of VR after AMI.