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Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in middle-aged and elderly men, while abnormal blood glucose can also lead to functional and organic changes in urinary system. However, there is still a lack of relevant research on the effect of abnormal blood glucose on urodynamic parameters of BPH patients. Objective To explore the impact of elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) on urodynamic parameters of BPH patients. Methods The clinical data of 95 older male patients with BPH who were hospitalized in Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January to December, 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into hyperglycemic group (n=11) and normal FBG group (n=84) according to the admission FBG level to compare clinical indicators. Results We found that the two groups had no statistically significant differences in average age, BMI, total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), the volume, length, width and height of the prostate, and glycosylated hemoglobin (P>0.05). It was noticed that the mean course of diabetes in the hyperglycemic group was longer〔2 (0, 10) years vs 0 (0, 0) years, u=705.500, P=0.025〕. The average FBG level of the hyperglycemic group was significantly higher than that of the normal FBG group 〔 (8.9±2.1) mmol/L vs (5.4±0.7) mmol/L, t=-11.263, P0.05). However, the average scores on IPSS-storage〔 (13.7±1.4) scores vs (11.4±3.3) scores, t=-2.316, P=0.023〕 and bladder first sensation volume〔 (147.8±76.9) ml vs (100.2±48.0) ml, t=-2.532, P=0.014〕in the hyperglycemic group were significantly higher. Conclusion We demonstrated that elevated FBG has significant adverse effects on subjective and objective urodynamic parameters of BPH patients, which may lead to impaired first sensation volume of bladder and more severe storage symptoms. These patients often have a long course of diabetes, so more clinical attention should be given to their blood glucose control. It is of prominent significance to take active comprehensive intervention for symptomatic management of BPH.

Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is a common clinical problem in children.It affects not only the quality-of-life of children and their families, but also causes psychological and behavioral disorders as well as upper urinary tract injury.Urodynamic study (UDS) is a golden standard for evaluating and managing pediatric LUTD.According to its results, individual treatment protocols may be formulated.However, many domestic hospitals have not yet standardized UDS for children so that it seriously hinders a proper management of LUTD.Therefore paying greater attention to popularizing UDS is essential for improving the diagnosis and treatment of LUTD in children.This reviews summarized recent advances and clinical applications of UDS in evaluating pediatric LUTD so as to provide references for clinical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the changes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and psychological behavior in children with tethered cord syndrome (TCS) before and after tethered cord release and explore the effects of deterring surgery (DS) on LUTS and psychological behavior. Methods From January 2020 to May 2022, 43 patients with TCS and DS diagnosed by MRI were retrospectively reviewed. According to the results of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index-29 (LURN SI-29) and Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), patient LUTS and psychological behavior changes before and after operation were quantitatively evaluated. Results 43 patients (operating age 9.19±2.61 years) completed follow-up, with an average follow-up time of(9.12±6.54)months. The paired rank sum test of LURN SI-29 before and after DS showed that postoperative urinary incontinence [25.02(4.17, 66.72) vs. 12.51(0.00, 37.53)], dysuria [0.00(0.00, 35.00) vs. 0.00(0.00, 30.00)], urgency of urination [0.00 (0.00, 24.99) vs. 0.00(0.00, 24.99)], and total score of LURN SI-29 [24.75(15.23, 41.88) vs. 17.14(12.38, 31.41)] were significantly lower than those before operation(P < 0.05); Postoperative residual urine decreased significantly[20(7.5, 50.3)ml vs.11(3.0, 30.0)ml], the difference was significant(P < 0.05); Comparing the detection rates of psychological behavioral abnormalities before and after surgery, emotional problems [20(46.5%) vs. 21(48.8%)], conduct problems [10(23.3%) vs. 11(25.6%)], hyperactivity-inattention [14(32.6%) vs. 10(23.3%)], peer interaction problems [19(44.2%) vs. 15(34.9%)], prosocial behavior [5(11.6%)vs. 2(4.7%)], and total SDQ difficulty scores [13(30.2%) vs. 10(23.3%)] were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion DS may improve LUTS. However, it cannot modify the impact of TCS on psychological behavior in children. For TCS children, nursing psychological counseling and health education should be strengthened along with DS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate and analyze the risk factors of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after benign prostatic hyperplasia in Suining area. Methods: From September 2014 to October 2019, 172 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in Suining area were selected to be diagnosed and treated in Suining Central Hospital. All patients were treated with surgery, the occurrence of postoperative LUTS was recorded, and the clinical data of the patients were investigated and carried out. Analysis of influencing factors. Results: Among 172 patients, the postoperative average International prostate symptom score (International prostate symptom scores, IPSS score was 5.67±0.13 points, of which the urine storage symptom score was 3.01±0.11 points, and the voiding symptom score was 1.76±0.22. After urination, the symptom score was 0.89±0.14. There were 18 cases of LUTS (LUTS group), the incidence was 10.5%. The quality of life score of the LUTS group was higher than that of the non-LUTS group (P<0.05); the age and body mass index of the LUTS group, Low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, prostate volume and non-LUTS group were statistically different (P<0.05); Pearson analysis showed that age, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, prostate volume were all related to LUTS Sex (P<0.05); Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and prostate volume are the main factors leading to the occurrence of LUTS (P<0.05). Conclusion: Benign prostatic hyperplasia in Suining area The occurrence of post-LUTS is relatively common, which can seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Age, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and prostate volume are the main factors leading to the occurrence of LUTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion combined with western medication on ureteral stent-related symptoms after ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL)., Methods: One hundred and fifty patients with upper urinary tract calculus implanted with ureteral stents after URL were randomly divided into a moxibustion group (50 cases, 1 case dropped out), a placebo moxibustion group (50 cases, 3 cases dropped out) and a blank control group (50 cases). No intervention was performed in the blank control group. On the basis of oral administration with tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsule (starting from the first day after surgery, once a day, 0.2 mg each time, continuously for 4 weeks), in the moxibustion group, moxibustion was operated at Guanyuan (CV 4) and bilateral Shenshu (BL 23); the sham-moxibustion was delivered at the same acupoints in the placebo moxibustion group, once daily, 6 times a week, for 15 min in each treatment. The duration of treatment was 4 weeks. Before treatment, and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, the scores of lower urinary tract symptoms, body pain, general health, work performance and satisfaction of sexual matters were compared among the 3 groups. The tract calculus clearance rate, urinary infection and the oral administration of painkillers were compared after 4 weeks of treatment in the 3 groups., Results: The scores of lower urinary tract symptoms, body pain and general health after 1 week of treatment, and the scores of lower urinary tract symptoms, body pain, general health and work performance after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment were lower than those before treatment in the 3 groups ( P< 0.01). The scores of lower urinary tract symptoms and body pain in the moxibustion group after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of treatment were lower than those in the blank control group and the placebo moxibustion group ( P< 0.01, P <0.05) respectively. The score of general health in the moxibustion group was lower than that in the blank control group after 1 week of treatment ( P <0.01), and lower than those of the blank control group and the placebo moxibustion group after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment ( P <0.01, P< 0.05). Regarding the score of work performance, it was lower in the moxibustion group after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment compared with those in the blank control group ( P <0.05, P< 0.01), and lower than those of the blank control group and the placebo moxibustion group after 4 weeks of treatment ( P< 0.01, P< 0.05). The tract calculus clearance rate in the moxibustion group was 95.9% (47/49), higher than that in the blank control group (80.0%, 40/50, P <0.05). The proportion of oral administration of painkillers in the moxibustion group (28.6%, 14/49) and the placebo moxibustion group (40.4%, 19/47) was lower than that in the blank control group (76.0%, 38/50, P< 0.01) respectively., Conclusions: Moxibustion combined with western medication relieves lower urinary tract symptoms and body pain, and accelerate the recovery of general health and work performance in the patients after URL.

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the efficacy and safety of solifenacin combined with tamsulosin in treatment of patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated with lower urinary tract symptoms. METHODS: 80 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated with lower urinary tract symptoms admitted into Hubei Gongan County People’s Hospital from Jul. 2015 to Jul. 2017 were according to admission order grouping, odd number as the control group, even number as the observation group,with 40 cases in each. The control group was given oral tamsulosin, while the observation group additionally received solifenacin based on the control group. The symptom score of urine storage period, international prostate symptom score, life quality score, maximum urinary flow rate, bladder residual urine volume and incidence of adverse drug reactions of two groups were observed before and after treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, the symptom score of urine storage period, international prostate symptom score, life quality score and bladder residual urine volume of observation group were significantly lower than before treatment and control group after treatment, yet the maximum urinary flow rate was higher than before treatment and control group after treatment, with statistically significant difference (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions of observation group and control group were respectively 14.0% (7/40) and 12.0% (6/40), without any statistical significance(P >0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of solifenacin combined with tamsulosin in treatment of patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated with lower urinary tract symptoms is remarkable with higher safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We retrospectively included 53 (9 males, 44 females) patients who underwent rest urethral pressure profilometry (RUPP) due to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from May 2021 to March 2022. The age of patients was (55±16) (25-76) years old. The clinical diagnoses of the included patients with lower urinary tract symptoms were classified as: benign prostatic hyperplasia in 9 cases, interstitial cystitis in 1 case, stress urinary incontinence in 11 cases and non-obstructive dysuria in 32 cases. The full set of urodynamic examination was composed of bladder pressure measurement during the filling period, pressure flow study (PFS) and RUPP. All the urodynamic examination was performed by air-charged catheter (ACC) and corresponding equipment. All patients underwent RUPP measurements twice. The vesical pressure (Pves) values were (35.30±6.15), (35.81±5.91) cmH 2 O (1 cmH 2 O=0.098 kPa); the Pura@max were (141.91±36.53), (145.02±38.85) cmH 2 O; functional urethral length were (41.70±16.34), (42.55±16.40) mm; the maximum urethral closure pressure for the two RUPP measurements were (106.57±36.44), (109.41±39.27) cmH 2 O. There was no statistical difference between the two RUPP measurements ( P >0.05). The reproducibility of the RUPP measurements obtained by ACC is good and deserves further study.

Urethral stricture is a common and recurrent male disease, and its treatment has been shifted from endoscopic management to urethroplasty, which has greatly improved the success rate of treatment. However, patients and doctors often have different evaluations of the sexual function and lower urinary tract symptoms after urethroplasty, which has attracted the attention of researchers. In recent years, specific questionnaires or scales have been used to evaluate the effects of preoperative and postoperative treatment, laying more stress on the subjective feelings of the patients. Such questionnaires or scales are called patient-reported outcome measures (PROM). This article reviews the application of PROM in recent studies of urethral stricture, focusing on sexual function and lower urinary tract symptoms, aiming to provide some reference for the development and application of PROM in the diagnosis and treatment of male urethral stricture.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and spinal lesions related to micturitionin of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS) patients. Methods: Patients with CP/CPPS were enrolled to this study at the outpatient department of Tongji Hospital between January and June 2019. The data of clinical features was collected and analyzed, including lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS), bowel syndrome and pain over different parts of body, as well as lower urinary tract dysfunction, spinal lesions and pelvic organ morphological changes demonstrated by MRI. The potential role of spinal lesions in the development of CP/CPPS syndrome was investigated. Results: A total of 126 CP/CPPS patients were included, with an age［ M （ Q 1 ， Q 3 ）］of 41(31,53) years and a course of disease of 2(1,20) years. Among them, 126 (100.0%) were complicated with LUTS, 72(57.1%) with bowel dysfunction and 88(69.8%) with pain. MRI showed the cervical central disc herniation(126 cases, 100.0%), the ischemic changing in the cervical area of visceral efferant pathway(82 cases, 65.1%), the lumbar central disc herniation(65 cases, 51.6%), and the sacral nerve cysts(97 cases, 77.0%) are commonly seen. In addition, the morphological changes in the visceral organs containing smooth muscle were demonstrated, including thickened bladder wall(91 cases, 72.2%), distended seminal vesicles(70 cases, 55.6%) and distended sigmoid colon/rectum(59 cases, 46.8%). Conclusions: CP/CPPS patients were characterized by the co-existence of LUTS, bowel dysfunction and somatic pain in one individual. The presence of multi-organ symptoms, combined with the high prevalence of spinal lesions associated with micturition reflex, suggesting the potential role of the spinal lesions in the development of CP/CPPS.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and clinical efficiency of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of small-volume BPH (SBPH) complicated by severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 82 cases of SBPH with severe LUTS treated by HoLEP from January 2017 to December 2018. The patients were aged (65.5 ± 7.6) years, with a mean prostate volume of <40 ml, a total IPSS of 24.8 ± 4.6, a QOL score of 5.2 ± 0.8, the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) of (7.6 ± 3.7) ml/s, and a mean PSA level of (1.8 ± 1.4) μg/L., Results: All the operations were successfully completed, the mean operation time averaging (30.2 ± 5.0) min, enucleation time (26.7 ± 5.6) min and comminution time (3.5 ± 1.1) min, and the enucleated tissue weighing (20.3 ± 4.9) g. After surgery, the bladders were irrigated for (3.5 ± 1.9) h, with (3.0 ± 1.7) L of rinse solution, and catheterization lasted (24.8 ± 9.7) h. Histopathology revealed moderate or severe lymphocytic infiltration in 69 cases (84.1%). At 6 months after operation, significant improvement was observed in the IPSS, QOL, Qmax and PSA level compared with the baseline (P < 0.05). To date, no urethral stricture-related reoperation was ever necessitated., Conclusions: HoLEP is safe and effective for the treatment of SBPH complicated by severe LUTS and can be employed after adequate preoperative evaluation of the patient.《.

Objective: To develop the visual uroflow scale (VUS), analyze the relationship of VUS score and index of free uroflowmetry, assess urination function preliminarily and improve the work efficiency in the clinic., Methods: Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) patients, who attended the Department of Urology in Peking University People's Hospital from March 2016 to March 2017, were assessed for their urination function according to the Visual Uroflow Scale without help from clinicians before undertaking a free uroflowmetry test. And afterwards, a free uroflowmetry was undertaken, and variables including maximal flow rate (Qmax), the average flow rate (Qave) and voiding volume (VV) was obtained. During the study, 124 cases were collected and 53 cases met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the study cohort. The Spearman correlation analysis was used for analyzing the correlation of VUS scores with free uroflowmetry variables and age. The validity of VUS was evaluated., Results: Most of the patients could choose the very figure matched with self-condition by first instinct without any help from the clinician. The data were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. In the present study, voiding time was positively correlated with the VUS score (correlation coefficient, 0.62, P < 0.05). In the present cohort, the patients chose the third and fourth figures to take longer time to urinate, implying worse LUTS situation. Flow time and VUS scores were positively correlated (correlation coefficient, 0.61, P < 0.05). The patients with higher VUS scores would spend more time on urinate, no matter how long urinary hesitation was. Both Qmax and Qave were negatively correlated with the VUS score (correlation coefficient －0.54, －0.62, P < 0.05). The study illustrated that the VUS score suggested that the Qmax basically and further reflected the urination function. And its relationship to age revealed the decreased urination function of aging male, which had reached a consensus., Conclusion: Development of VUS has helped the clinician assess the urination function preliminarily at the first time. Patients are assessed for a VUS score before getting surgery or receiving the drug for treatment, and can be re-assessed after. The VUS score can provide an objective quantitative basis to evaluate the treatment efficacy. In addition, considering that it is convenient, timesaving and easy to understand, the VUS is available for follow-up.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical application value of the bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI) in the diagnosis of BPH., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the urodynamic parameters and BOOI of 199 cases of BPH diagnosed from July 2016 to September 2018, which were divided into a BOO (n = 119), a suspected BOO (n = 39) and a non-BOO group (n = 41) based on the BOOI. We obtained the prostate volume (PV), IPSS, IPSS-voiding symptom score (IPSS-VS), quality of life score (QOL), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) from the patients, compared them among the three groups and analyzed their correlation to BOOI using Pearson's linear correlation analysis., Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in age (P = 0.195), PSA (P = 0.380), IPSS (P = 0.380), IPSS-VS (P = 0.380), QOL (P = 0.380), Qmax (P = 0.380) and PVR (P = 0.912) among the three groups of patients, but PV was remarkably larger in the BOO than in the suspected BOO and non-BOO groups (［58.8 ± 30.0］ vs ［49.8 ± 33.9］ and ［45.5 ± 26.0］ ml, P = 0.031). Pearson's linear correlation analysis showed that BOOI was not correlated significantly to IPSS (r = －0.020, P = 0.778), IPSS-VS (r= －0.013, P = 0.853), QOL (r = －0.107, P = 0.132), Qmax (r = －0.130, P = 0.066) or PVR (r = －0.056, P = 0.433), nor obviously to PV (|r| = 0.178<0.4) though with P = 0.012., Conclusions: BOOI is not significantly correlated to PV, IPSS, IPSS-VS, QOL, Qmax or PVR, and therefore BOO cannot be diagnosed exclusively with BOOI.

The prostate volume is not enlarged in some patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Evidence shows that prostate fibrosis, in addition to BPH and smooth muscle dysfunction, is one of the causes of LUTS, and that its occurrence is related to inflammation of various causes, ischemia, hypoxia and drugs, with the differentiation, aggregation and activation of myofibroblasts involved in its pathogenesis. Therefore, anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis strategies may be considered as potential targets for the treatment of LUTS. This article presents an overview on the causes of prostatic fibrosis, its diagnosis, its association with LUTS, and the advances in its treatment.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of lycopene in the treatment of BPH with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)., Methods: Totally, 127 BPH patients with LUTS were treated with oral lycopene tablets at 500 mg bid in the Department of Andrology of Jinling Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019. At 8 and 16 weeks of medication, we compared the IPSS, quality of life (QOL) score, prostate volume, PSA level, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) and the incidence of adverse reactions before and after treatment., Results: A total of 120 patients completed the treatment. Compared with the baseline, significant improvement was observed after 8 weeks of medication in the IPSS (［18.42 ± 4.59］ vs ［14.13 ± 4.51］, P < 0.01) and QOL score (［4.34 ± 1.37］ vs ［3.14 ± 1.25］, P < 0.01), and even more significant at 16 weeks in the IPSS (［18.42 ± 4.59］ vs ［10.29 ± 3.61］, P< 0.01), QOL score (［4.34 ± 1.37］ vs ［2.17 ± 1.35］, P < 0.01), PSA (［3.87 ± 3.14］ vs ［2.90 ± 3.07］ μg/L, P < 0.01), Qmax (［10.62 ± 2.08］ vs ［14.15 ± 3.66］ ml/s, P < 0.01) and PVR (［35.88 ± 15.33］ vs ［18.36 ± 13.09］ ml, P < 0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference in the prostate volume before and after treatment (［39.85 ± 10.22］ vs ［38.16 ± 10.12］ ml, P > 0.05), and no adverse reactions in any of the patients., Conclusions: Lycopene has a good therapeutic effect on BPH with LUTS, which can significantly improve the patients' quality of life without causing adverse reactions.

Objective: To find out the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and analyze the characteristics of the urodynamics diagnosis in female outpatients. To study the natural history of detrusor underactive (DU) by the followed up., Methods: A retrospective study of the female LUTS outpatients in Peking University People's Hospital from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2015 was performed. The basic information and the urodynamic results of a total of 656 female outpatients were collected. The distribution of storage symptoms, voiding symptoms, complications and urodynamic diagnosis were analyzed. The symptoms and urodynamic results were compared among the groups, which were divided according to age, urodynamic diagnosis and diabetes mellitus. A follow-up of 163 female DU outpatients was performed, including the treatments and the American Urological Association symptoms scores (AUAss)., Results: Frequency (25.03%) is the most common symptom in female outpatients, followed by stress urinary incontinence (20.04%), urgency (19.97%), and difficulty of voiding (17.32%). Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) accounted for the first (36.04%) of the whole outpatients, followed by the DU (24.08%), and bladder outlet obstruction (17.58%). The patients aged 51-60 years occupied the peak of almost all the diagnosis. There was a higher proportion of the young female patients than that of the middle and old patients diagnosed with no abnormal after the urodynamic study. The first, strong, urge and maximum bladder capacity were significantly larger in DU patients with diabetes than without diabetes. Follow-up results of the DU patients showed there was no significantly difference of the AUAss scores in both the two groups before and after the follow-up, but the quality of life decreased significantly., Conclusion: Female LUTS outpatients showed a main complaint of storage symptoms. SUI ranked the first in female patients with LUTS. With the increase of age, bladder sensation and detrusor function decrease. In elderly patients, DU became the first ranked disease instead of SUI. Diabetes can affect the sensory function of bladder in patients with DU, and then increase the difficulty of voiding. The patients with DU, absent from treatment, experienced a lower quality of life.

BPH is a most common benign disease causing dysuria in old and middle-aged males. Studies show that the total prostate volume (TPV) is not necessarily correlated with the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). All BPH hyperplastic nodules occur in the prostate transitional zone and the glandular region around the urethra. Therefore, there are few clinical studies on the correlation between the peripheral zone thickness (PZT) of the prostate and BPH/LUTS. Relevant literature on the correlation between PZT and BPH/LUTS published at home and abroad in recent years indicate that PZT is a novel, simple, economical, reliable and simple measurement of prostate parameters independently associated with urinary tract symptoms in patients with BPH and will be a new factor in the evaluation and management of male BPH/LUTS. However, further research is needed to clarify the clinical utility of PZT in place of invasive urodynamic testing, and its applicability to the BPH patients in China more has to be certified by more clinical and prospective studies.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is a common disease with frequent occurrence in elderly men, and its incidence shows a significant positive correlation with age. Evidence has confirmed that BPH/LUTS is closely related to erectile dysfunction (ED) and significantly affects the quality of life of elderly males. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) can improve both ED and BPH/LUTS of the patients and PDE5 is expected to be a new therapeutic target for BPH/LUTS with ED. This review explores the structure and function of PDE5 and the action mechanisms of PDE5i so as to provide a more effective strategy for the clinical treatment of BPH/LUTS with ED.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect and safety of the Chinese patent medicine Ningmitai Capsules (NMT) in relieving lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)., Methods: We randomly assigned 40 BPH patients to an experimental and a control group of equal number to receive oral administration of NMT at 4 capsules tid and terazosin hydrochloride tablets at 2 mg qd, respectively, both for 14 days. At 7 and 14 days after medication, we recorded and compared the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), quality of life (QoL) scores, results of urinalysis and blood routine examination, and indexes of hepatic and renal function., Results: Both NMT and terazosin significantly improved the total IPSS score, the IPSS scores in the storage and voiding phases, increased Qmax and urine output, reduced post-void residual urine (PVR), and improved the QoL of the patients. The patients of the NMT group showed a better relief of incomplete bladder emptying, more improved QoL and fewer adverse reactions, while those treated with terazosin achieved a better attenuation of weak urine stream and PVR., Conclusions: NMT is safe and effective in relieving LUTS in BPH patients. Each of NMT and terazosin has its own advantages in attenuating urinary tract irritation and obstruction, but whether their combination may produce a better effect on LUTS and the specific mechanisms of NMT improving acute symptoms of BPH are yet to be further studied.

In recent years, holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) have been widely used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) because of their significant clinical effects, high safety, and low incidence of complications. With the improvement of living standards, BPH patients care about not only the improvement of lower-urinary-tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to BPH but also that of sexual function, especially erectile function, after treatment. However, there are comparatively few studies about the effects of HoLEP and ThuLEP on erectile function and relevant opinions are quite controversial. Most studies reported that HoLEP and ThuLEP did not impair erectile function, but some showed that a few patients experienced a decrease of erectile function after operation. Before surgery, urologists should explain clearly to the patients the potential impact on sexual function, as mental factors may also induce erectile dysfunction. This study presents an overview of recent studies about the infuence of HoLEP and ThuLEP on erectile function.

Objective: To compare the effects of rotational night shifts on the micturition patterns of female nurses., Methods: A total of 58 nurses without lower urinary tract symptoms were recruited, who worked in the Peking University People's Hospital during January and June in 2014. The nurses aged 20-43 years were divided into two groups, the night-shift group (n=28) and the non-shift group (n=30). The alcohol or coffee intaking were forbidden. In the night-shift group, nurses had worked on rotational shifts for at least 6 months. Their average age was (26.75±4.11) years. In the non-shift group, nurses took regular day-time work, whose average age was (27.80±5.60) years. A voiding diary was kept for 7 consecutive days at the end of 6 months, starting 2 days before their night duties until 4 days after completion of their night duties. For comparison, the non-shift group with regular shifts completed a 7-day voiding diary. In the 7-day recording voiding diary, the nurses were required to have the normal intake of liquid about 1 500-2 000 mL/d. The frequency volume charts of nocturia, the 8-hour interval urine production and frequency were compared between the two groups., Results: Nocturia frequency was increased in the night-shift group [0.5 (0-2.4)] compared with the non-shift group [0 (0-2), P=0.02]. The volume of nocturia was increased in the night-shift group [125 mL (0-660 mL)] compared with the non-shift group [0 mL (0-340 mL), P<0.01]. The 8-hour interval indices showed that urine production changed with shift (P<0.01). In the consecutive 7 days, the nocturnal volume of the night-shift group increased on the day after night shift. When the night-shift nurses returned to daytime duty, the volume of urine decreased but nocturnal urine production remained high, and the frequency of nocturia also increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the 8-hour interval indices, the night-shift group's voiding volume [(542.35±204.66) mL] and voiding frequency (2.24±0.69) were more than those of the non-shift group at the afternoon time (from 2 pm to 10 pm). During the 8 h interval night time (from 10 pm to 6 am), the volume of nocturia in the night-shift group [(309.74±162.74) mL] was more than that in the non-shift group [(199.38±153.98) mL, P=0.01]; the frequency of nocturia in the night-shift group (1.31±0.52) was increased than that in the non-shift group (0.82±0.55, P<0.01)., Conclusion: The rotational shifts affect the micturition patterns of nurses who go through the night shift work, which increases the volume and frequency of the nocturia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and BPH-induced lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common factors influencing the quality of life (QOL) of elderly males. In case of undesirable or adverse effects of medication, many BPH patients seek surgical treatment. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), though evidently effective for BPH, fails to preserve the sexual function and therefore reduces the QOL of the patients. Moreover, some elderly patients with comorbidities may be unfit for TURP. Prostatic urethral lift (PUL) is a newly developed surgical procedure for the treatment of LUTS secondary to BPH. With the advantages of minimal invasiveness, low rate of peri- and post-operative complications, and maximal preservation of patients' erectile and ejaculatory functions, PUL is winning more and more attention from the clinicians and patients.

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) obviously impair the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly men. Current management of BPH includes wait-and-watch, medical therapy, and conventional surgery. As a new approach, minimally invasive surgery has been playing an increasingly important role in the management of BPH, with potential advantages of less operative trauma, quicker recovery, lower risk of postoperative complications and higher quality of life. This review mainly discusses prostatic urethral lift (Urolift® System), transurethral water vapor therapy (Rezūm® System) and robot-guided high-energy water ablation (PROCEPT Aquablation™ System).

Objective: To determine the diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis of ketamine-associated cystitis., Methods: Clinical data from 3 patients with ketamine-associated cystitis were analyzed retrospectively and discussed in light of relevant literature., Results: In the 3 cases, 2 presented severe lower urinary tract symptoms, including frequency, urgency, dysuria, urge incontinence, and painful haematuria. Urinalysis and urine culture were negative. Imaging examination demonstrated thickening of the bladder wall and a small capacity. Inflammatory changes in the bladder mucosa were observed by cystoscopy and biopsies. After cessation of ketamine use, with the addition of steroids or hydrodistension, the symptoms in the 3 patients improved. The symptoms recurred in 2 patients, as 1 was exposed to ketamine again and 1 had severe bladder contraction after for 3 - 4 month follow-up., Conclusion: Ketamine-associated cystitis is a new urinary system inflammatory damage. Its etiology and treatment methods are not clear. Early abstinence from ketamine use and early treatment are crucial for patients with ketamine-associated cystitis to avoid irreversible damage.

Objective: To investigate the effects of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated by histological prostatitis., Methods: This study included 432 cases of BPH pathologically confirmed after TURP. Excluding those with LUTS-related factors before and after surgery and based on the international prostatitis histological classification of diagnostic criteria, the remaining 144 cases were divided into groups A (pure BPH, n = 30), B (mild inflammation, n = 55), C (moderate inflammation, n = 31), and D (severe inflammation, n = 28). Each group was evaluated for LUTS by IPSS before and a month after surgery., Results: A total of 399 cases (92.4%) were diagnosed as BPH with histological prostatitis, 269 (67.4%) mild, 86 (21.6%) moderate and 44 (11.0%) severe. The preoperative IPSS was 21.43 +/- 6.09 in group A, 21.75 +/- 5.97 in B, 27.84 +/- 4.18 in C and 31.00 +/- 2.92 in D, with statistically significant differences among different groups (P < 0.001) except between A and B (P = 1.000); the postoperative IPSS was 5.60 +/- 2.16 in A, 7.36 +/- 2.77 in B, 11.55 +/- 3.39 in C and 16.89 +/- 3.37 in D, with statistically significant differences among different groups (P < 0.01), and remarkably lower than the preoperative one (P < 0.001). Almost all the infiltrating inflammatory cells in BPH with histological prostatitis were lymphocytes., Conclusion: BPH is mostly complicated with histological chronic prostatitis. The severity of LUTS is higher in BPH patients with histological prostatitis than in those without before and after TURP, and positively correlated with the grade of inflammation. Those complicated with moderate or severe histological prostatitis should take medication for the management of LUTS.

Objective: To survey the incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in males aged ≥ 50 years and explore the correlation between LUTS and ED., Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Beijing communities in 1644 males aged over 50 years. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were recorded. Pearson's χ(2) test and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyze the results of IPSS, LUTS and their correlations with ED., Results: The mean age was 64.5 years old (range: 50-93), the mean value of IPSS(9.9 ± 8.2), the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe LUTS 49.2% (809/1644), 36.4% (599/1644) and 14.4% (236/1644) respectively. The mean value of IIEF was (9.4 ± 8.6), the total incidence of ED 90.5% (1487/1644) and the incidence of ED of mild, moderate and severe LUTS 85.7% (694/809), 93.7% (561/599) and 97.9% (231/236) respectively. The total IIEF-5 score was found significantly correlated with the total IPSS score (r = -0.335, P < 0.01), the obstructive symptoms (r = -0.276, P < 0.01)and irritative symptoms (r = -0.326, P < 0.01). The severity of LUTS was correlated with the severity of ED (r = 0.304, P < 0.01). Correlations also existed between age and total IPSS score(r = 0.388, P < 0.01), LUTS severity (r = 0.457, P < 0.01), total IIEF score (r = -0.533, P < 0.01) or ED severity (r = 0.529, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The incidence of LUTS or ED in aging males increases with age. The severity of ED is positively correlated with the severity of LUTS. Irritative and obstructive symptoms influence the occurrence of ED in aging males.