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A study of 62 cases of elderly pneumonia (EP) in their sixties and eighties with etiologic bacteria confirmed by cultures of sputum, blood or pleural effusion was carried out Greater change of etiologic bacteria of EP in patients of eighties has been found when they were compared with those of sixties. In the group of eighties the incidence of Gram-negative bacilli increased (77%), including pseudomonas aeruginosa (48.39%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.35%) and Enteric coli (9.68%), while Staphylococcus aureus accounted only for 16.1%. There were 2 species of Streptococcus pneumoniae; both were mixed with other bacteria in cultures. In patients of eighties the etiologic agents isolated from pneumonia were more resistant to many common antibiotics. The above mentioned results suggest that the diagnosis of etiology of pneumonia in the elderly should be emphasized.

Levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)in the serum and pleural effusion in malignancies (65) and benign (25) of lung were determined. There are 20 cases of adenocarcinoma, 16 undifferentiated carcinoma, 7 squamous cell carcinoma, 4 alveolar carcinoma, 12 unclassified carcinoma, 1 polymorphous adenoma, 1 mesothelioma, 1 thymoma, 1 metastatic cancer from kidney and 2 metastatic breast cancer. In the benign lesions, there are 20 tuberculosis, 2 heart failure, 1 pneumonia, 1 empyema and 1 cirrhosis. The mean of the CEA level in the serum of lung cancer group was 12.63 ng/ml as compared with that of the tuberculosis group, 3.01 ng/ml (P less than 0.01). The level of CEA in pleural fluid in the lung cancer group was 57.30 ng/ml as compared with that of tuberculosis group, 5.55 ng/ml (P less than 0.01). The content of CEA in the serum and pleural fluid in lung cancer group was remarkably different (P less than 0.01). CEA level in the serum of adenocarcinoma is the highest (mean 15.51 ng/ml). If we set 5 ng/ml as the margin of normal CEA level in serum, the positive rate for cancer would be 54.2%. It is suggested that the margin of CEA normal value be set at 10 ng/ml for the pleural fluid. Higher readings may imply cancer.