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Objective With its powerful semantic processing and open organization capabilities, the knowledge graph lays the foundation for knowledge-based organization and intelligent applications in various fields. In order to improve the digitization and intelligence level of urban rail transit train maintenance, a knowledge graph for the train maintenance field should be established. Method The knowledge graph technology is briefly introduced, and a top-down approach is adopted to construct the knowledge graph. The construction process of the knowledge graph for the train maintenance field is analyzed from five aspects, i.e. ontology design, information extraction, knowledge mapping, knowledge storage, and knowledge fusion. The outlook for the application of the knowledge graph in the field of train maintenance is described. Result & Conclusion Based on the above graph, not only can the problems of train maintenance data silos be effectively solved, but also the unified management of relevant data in the field of train maintenance can be realized, and intelligent services such as ′one file for one train′, intelligent retrieval, and train fault trend analysis be provided for train maintenance.

Hydrogel is a cross-linked three-dimensional network hydrophilic polymer material, which can absorb and retain a large amount of water and maintain a certain shape. In recent years, with the depletion of petroleum resources and the increasing attention of human beings to environmental issues, natural or modified polymer synthetic polymer hydrogels have become a research hotspot. Cellulose and its derivatives are a large class of renewable natural polymer materials, which have the characteristics of rich resources, wide variety, non-toxic and renewable, etc. The synthesized cellulose-based hydrogel has good water absorption, water retention, biocompatibility and biodegradability, etc., which can be used in medical, environment, agriculture and other fields. The research progress of the construction and application of cellulose-based hydrogels in recent years was reviewed in this paper. The microscopic network structure is combined with the macroscopic properties of the hydrogel. The mechanical properties, swelling properties and adsorption properties of the single network, interpenetrating network and semi-interpenetrating network cellulose-based hydrogels were summarized, and their applications in medical, environmental, agricultural and electronic fields were introduced. The development of cellulose-based hydrogels with both mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and the development of more green economic methods for the synthesis of cellulose-based hydrogels for industrial applications were proposed.

The severe attenuation and scattering of light in the water reduces the effective field of view of the underwater camera, making the scene information contained in a single image limited, and it is difficult to meet the application requirements of the large-scale underwater scenes. To solve this problem, an underwater multi-frame target images mosaic method based on adaptive image enhancement is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the image blur prior is used to achieve the adaptive enhancement of underwater images to suppress the blur and colour distortion of underwater images. Then, the feature point matching method based on the improved SURF realizes the extraction and matching of the feature points of underwater multi-frame target images. Finally, combining with the fusion strategy of gradual in and out, the seamless splicing and fusion of underwater multi-frame target images is realized. The pool and shallow sea tests were carried out respectively, and the results show that the method proposed in this paper increases the number of effective feature point matching and improves the splicing effect.

This paper investigates the magnetic filed interference problem when the ROV equipped with a three-axis magnetometer measures the magnetic field of underwater magnetic targets within a short range, and a magnetic field compensation method based on an improved mayfly algorithm is proposed to improve the measurement accuracy of underwater magnetic field information. Firstly, a compensation model is established based on the installation error of the three-axis magnetometer and the interference magnetic field of the ROV. Then, in view of the problem that the original mayfly algorithm is easy to fall into local optimal and the convergence accuracy is poor, the Tent chaotic sequence and the Levy flight mutation strategy are introduced to improve the original mayfly algorithm. Finally, a series of magnetic field information is obtained through the three-axis magnetometer, and the original mayfly algorithm, particle swarm algorithm and improved mayfly algorithm are used to estimate the compensation parameters. The experimental results show that the improved mayfly algorithm has obtained faster convergence speed and higher compensation accuracy than others.

Cyber physical system model of coal preparation plant was established. Dynamic alliance method was applied in task scheduling of the cyber physical system. A task scheduling algorithm for the cyber physical system of coal preparation plant was proposed which was based on an improved discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm. In the improved algorithm, discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for global optimization, and tabu search algorithm is adopted for local search, so as to obtain the globally optimal solution. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm improves convergence rate and precision of task scheduling and average utilization of processor.

The paper analyzed RBS time synchronization algorithm which is suitable for collecting of coal preparation plant equipment vibration. In view of problems such as big energy consumption and long synchronization convergence time in applications, the improved RBS time synchronization algorithm IRBS was proposed. A wireless communication model was used for comparison on energy consumption and convergence time of IRBS and RBS. The test result shows that energy consumption and synchronization convergence time during synchronization can be significantly reduced by IRBS algorithm.

In order to solve the problems of high cost of microemulsion use and the limitation of microe- mulsion application in high temperature and high salt strata, this paper conducted a systematic research on the development of chemically driven microemulsions and the unique properties of nanoparticles, and summarized the synergistic effect between nanoparticles and microemulsions, the effect of nanoparticle incorporation on the applicability of salinity to the microemulsions as well as the influence on the rheological properties. The current status of nanoparticle synergistic microemulsion research at home and abroad is summarized and reviewed, and the synergistic effect between nanoparticles and microemulsions is summarized to produce mechanisms such as low interfacial tension, change of wettability, reduction of chemical adsorption, enhancement of stability, and improvement of rheological ratio. At present, the application of nanoparticles in microemulsions is still in the exploratory stage, which requires further theoretical analysis and experimental research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interfacial tension test of the imbibition compound of petroleum sulfonate WPS-D and dodecyl dimethyl betaine showed that the imbibition compound with 0.3% concentration of 8: 2 easily reached the ultra-low interfacial tension (<1.0x10-3 mN/m), and the systems with 0.4% and 0.5% concentration of 9: 1 approached the ultra-low interfacial tension. The components of petroleum sulfonate WPS-D were separated by preparative chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the interfacial activities of different components were investigated by interfacial tension test. The results showed that 5 different components with different structure and composition were separated by petroleum sulfonate. C17 ~ C19 Alkyl benzene sulfonates reached ultra-low interfacial tension and maintained, and C18 ~ C24 alkyl benzene sulfonates rebounded after close to ultra-low interfacial tension. It is concluded that the main component providing interfacial activity is C17 ~ C19 sulfonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton straw, corn straw, waste bamboo and bagasse were used to prepare plant fibers in this work. The micro morphology, chemical composition and thermal stability of plant fibers were studied. The rheological properties of asphalt mastic were tested by dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer. The results show that cotton straw fibers, corn straw fibers and bagasse fibers have the structure with cavity tubular, while bamboo fibers and lignin fibers exhibit the solid structure in micron scale. The composition of plant fibers is different, which affects the thermal decomposition rate of fibers. After adding fibers, the high-temperature rheological properties are strengthened significantly. The rutting factor at the initial test temperature is increased by 23.8%-75.7%, and the recovery is increased by 9.4%-18.5%. The low temperature performance decreased slightly, but the effect of plant fiber types is not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote the large-scale application of steel slag in road base, firstly, the process of steel slag standard system in road base was summarized, and the risks of steel slag volume expansion and heavy metal leaching were analyzed. Then, the pavement performance of cement stabilized steel slag macadam, cement fly ash stabilized steel slag macadam and lime fly ash steel slag macadam were comprehensively investigated. Finally, the application status and existing problems of steel slag base course were introduced. The results show that the volume stability of solidified steel slag can be improved by admixture method, and the content of active material can be controlled from the source by process method and melting tempering method. There is a risk of heavy metal leaching in steel slag, so the detection of raw materials of steel slag should be strengthened and special design should be carried out to avoid rainwater infiltration into the base. In general, the steel slag mixed into the base course mixture can improve the mechanical properties, significantly reduce the drying shrinkage, increase the crack resistance, and enhance the anti-scouring and anti-fatigue performance of cement stabilized steel slag macadam. The application of steel slag base course is in the exploration stage of paving test section. In future, research on steel slag based multi-source solid waste materials, steel slag base course complete technology and application policy guarantee system of steel slag should be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Janelle Adsit is the chair of the English department at California State Polytechnic University, a former director of the Research Department of the Creative Writing Studies Organization and an influential scholar in the field of creative writing studies in English-speaking countries. She mainly engages in creative writing, environmental humanities, Health Humanities, Arts in Health. Janelle Adsit has put forward some ideas such as "Towards Inclusive Creative Writing". Focusing on creative writing and writing for healing, health care, pedagogy, and meditation writing, Adsit discussed relevant research results, hot topics, and identified the difficulties in creative writing practice. Adsit has also collaborated with local artists on creative writing community practice projects covering stress management, hospice and more. In Adsit's creative writing studies and practice, writing distinguish itself as a medium for sociocultural engagement, cultural justice and critical self-reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the real-time data of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a multi-layer planning model based on path is constructed, and the algorithm solving process of the model is designed. The optimal path planning in the mission planning is obtained by using the hybrid algorithm of genetic algorithm and tabu search, and the conflict is eliminated on this basis. Through the simulation case, it shows that using UAV to cooperate with missile forces, transmitting combat data in real time, can solve the problem of fuzzy and uncertain battlefield information. Using multi-level programming model can make scientific decision and selection for missile multi wave planning operation path. It can avoid local optimization and result in no output the phenomenon by using genetic algorithm and tabu search hybrid algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of Chinese creative writing research is a critical achievement in the process of Sinicization of creative writing. In this interview, Professor Ge Hongbing reveals the basic connotation of Creative writing in China from three aspects: the definition and Sinicization of creative writing, the disciplinary vision, and the practical paths of creative writing. To integrated the complicated and changeable creative writing practice, Ge Hongbing proposes a theory of creativity-centered ontology. Also, The quantitative research of creative writing ability, artificial intelligence writing, and other issues have been included. Moreover, Ge Hongbing explored the multiple practical paths of creative writing in China. What Ge Honging explored provides a theoretical framework for the Creative writing studies, and they are also important topics in the current forefront of Chinese creative writing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of sludge dosage and sintering temperature on the properties of sintered bricks was studied by using municipal sludge to prepare sintered bricks. The results showed that the strength of sintered brick was significantly affected by the increase of sludge content. The strength of the test block with 15% sludge content meets the requirements of GB 26538-2011 "sintered insulating brick and insulating block". Different sintering temperature, sintered brick internal phase composition is not the same, the higher the temperature, the more glass phase. The increase of sludge content will change the internal structure of the test block, with more pores, the greater the connection between pores, the greater the heterogeneity of crystals, and ultimately lead to the greater the water absorption rate of the test block, so that the physical properties and durability of the test block become worse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decrease of China's arable land is an objective demand of the fast development of industrialization and urbanization, which is mainly due to the ecological restoration. It has immense influence on the regional development, a significant relationship with nature, economy and social environment, all of which have their certain rationality. Considering the balance of arable land occupation and restoration, China's eastern coastland is planned for the economic development oriented area, where arable land decrease will have a strong influence on the farmers' income, thus becoming a focus of attention for the Government. Middle China is planned for the transitional area, where arable land protection has no influence on attracting commerce and investment and little conflict with the economic development, and the ecological restoration is favorable to intensive agricultural management. Western China is planned for the environmental protection oriented area, where ecological restoration is favorable to the balance between water and earth resources and the promotion of reasonable transfer of surplus rural labour force, and the arable land protection requires intensifying infrastructure construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of non-naturally degradable plastics is causing increasingly serious harm to the environment. Reducing plastic pollutants has become the core of ecological and environment management. Biological methods such as enzymes demonstrate advantages in depolymerizing plastics with mild reaction conditions and recycling of depolymerization products. However, there are few reports on the biological depolymerization of polyamide plastics. In this study, by using 4-nitropropionanilide as the model substrate, we screened against our plastic depolymerase library and obtained a Meiothermus ruber- derived enzyme (MrABH) that can hydrolyze the polyamide bond. We expressed this enzyme in Escherichia coli and purified the protein by affinity chromatography. Furthermore, we investigated the catalytic properties, enzymatic properties, and catalytic products of this enzyme with polyamide as the substrate. MrABH had good stability at pH 8.0-10.0, with the optimal performance at pH 9.0 and 30 ℃. The catalytic performance of this enzyme for ester bonds and amide bonds was similar. MrABH can catalyze the depolymerization of PA6 and PA66 to produce monomers and oligomers, demonstrating the potential to be used in the depolymerization and recycling of polyamide.

The protein kinase B (Akt) pathway can regulate the growth, proliferation, and metabolism of tumor cells and stem cells through the activation of multiple downstream target genes, thus affecting the development and treatment of a range of diseases. Thioesterase superfamily member 4 (THEM4), a member of the thioesterase superfamily, is one of the Akt kinase-binding proteins. Some studies on the mechanism of cancers and other diseases have shown that THEM4 binds to Akt to regulate its phosphorylation. Initially, THEM4 was considered an endogenous inhibitor of Akt, which can inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt in diseases such as lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and liver cancer, but subsequently, THEM4 was shown to promote the proliferation of tumor cells by positively regulating Akt activity in breast cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which contradicts previous findings. Considering these two distinct views, this review summarizes the important roles of THEM4 in the Akt pathway, focusing on THEM4 as an Akt-binding protein and its regulatory relationship with Akt phosphorylation in various diseases, especially cancer. This work provides a better understanding of the roles of THEM4 combined with Akt in the treatment of diseases.

Petrochemical-derived polyester plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) have been widely used. However, the difficulty to be degraded in nature (PET) or the long biodegradation cycle (PBAT) resulted in serious environmental pollution. In this connection, treating these plastic wastes properly becomes one of the challenges of environment protection. From the perspective of circular economy, biologically depolymerizing the waste of polyester plastics and reusing the depolymerized products is one of the most promising directions. Recent years have seen many reports on polyester plastics degrading organisms and enzymes. Highly efficient degrading enzymes, especially those with better thermal stability, will be conducive to their application. The mesophilic plastic-degrading enzyme Ple629 from the marine microbial metagenome is capable of degrading PET and PBAT at room temperature, but it cannot tolerate high temperature, which hampers its potential application. On the basis of the three-dimensional structure of Ple629 obtained from our previous study, we identified some sites which might be important for its thermal stability by structural comparison and mutation energy analysis. We carried out transformation design, and performed expression, purification and thermal stability determination of the mutants. The melting temperature ( T m ) values of mutants V80C and D226C/S281C were increased by 5.2 ℃ and 6.9 ℃, respectively, and the activity of mutant D226C/S281C was also increased by 1.5 times compared with that of the wild-type enzyme. These results provide useful information for future engineering and application of Ple629 in polyester plastic degradation.

PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is one of the most important petrochemicals that is widely used in mineral water bottles, food and beverage packaging and textile industry. Because of its stability under environmental conditions, the massive amount of PET wastes caused serious environmental pollution. The use of enzymes to depolymerize PET wastes and upcycling is one of the important directions for plastics pollution control, among which the key is the depolymerization efficiency of PET by PET hydrolase. BHET (bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate) is the main intermediate of PET hydrolysis, its accumulation can hinder the degradation efficiency of PET hydrolase significantly, and the synergistic use of PET hydrolase and BHET hydrolase can improve the PET hydrolysis efficiency. In this study, a dienolactone hydrolase from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus which can degrade BHET ( Ht BHETase) was identified. After heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and purification, the enzymatic properties of Ht BHETase were studied. Ht BHETase shows higher catalytic activity towards esters with short carbon chains such as p -nitrophenol acetate. The optimal pH and temperature of the reaction with BHET were 5.0 and 55 ℃, respectively. Ht BHETase exhibited excellent thermostability, and retained over 80% residual activity after treatment at 80 ℃ for 1 hour. These results indicate that Ht BHETase has potential in biological PET depolymerization, which may facilitate the enzymatic degradation of PET.

Repurpose of key catalytic reaction and reconstruction of metabolic pathways all depend on in-depth understanding of the relevant proteins in protein engineering, green biomanufacturing and synthetic biology. The rapid development of synthetic biotechnology calls for proteins with excellent performance to fulfill the requirement for engineering enzymes and strains. The key is to prepare large quantities of target proteins with high purity, and study the structure-function relationship quickly and accurately. In the past 10 years, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences has built a protein structure-function study platform, and studied many proteins of industrial significance. Progress has been made on the terpene synthase related to natural plant products synthesis, PET plastic degradation related enzyme, and enzymes involved in biomass conversion and utilization. The structure-function study of these proteins provided theoretical basis for further engineering. Development of protein structure-function research technologies will facilitate the research of synthetic biology and promote biomanufacturing.

Objectives: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive epithelial malignant tumor with unique geographical and ethnic distribution characteristics. NPC is mostly found in south China and Southeast Asia, and its treatment mainly depends on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, NPC is usually found in the late stage, and local recurrence and distant metastasis are common, leading to poor prognosis. The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is up-regulated in various tumors and it is involved in tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and other processes, which are associated with poor prognosis of tumors. This study aims to detect the expression of AXL in NPC cell lines and tissues, and to investigate its biological function of AXL and the underlying molecular mechanisms in regulation of NPC., Methods: The expression levels of AXL in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues and NPC tissues were analyzed by GSE68799, GSE12452, and GSE53819 data sets based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the relationship between AXL and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). The indicators of prognosis included overall survival (OS), disease-free interval (DFI), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI). Western blotting assay was used to detect the AXL protein expression levels in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line and NPC cell lines. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect AXL expression levels in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues and NPC tissues. Cell lines with stable AXL knockdown were established by infecting 5-8F and Fadu cells with lentivirus interference vector, and cell lines with stable AXL overexpression were established by infecting C666-1 and HK-1 cells with lentivirus expression vector. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the efficiency of knockdown and overexpression in stable cell lines. The effects of AXL knockdown or overexpression on proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells were detected by CCK-8, plate colony formation, and Transwell assays, and the effect of AXL knockdown on tumor growth in nude mice was detected by subcutaneous tumor formation assay. The sequence of AXL upstream 2.0 kb promoter region was obtained by UCSC online database. The PROMO online database was used to predict AXL transcription factors with 0% fault tolerance, and the JASPAR online database was used to predict the binding sites of ETS1 to AXL. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the effect of ETS1 on AXL protein and mRNA expression. The AXL upstream 2.0 kb promoter region was divided into 8 fragments, each of which was 250 bp in length. Primers were designed for 8 fragments. The binding of ETS1 to AXL promoter region was detected by chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP) assay to determine the direct regulatory relationship between ETS1 and AXL. Rescue assay was used to determine whether ETS1 affected the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells through AXL., Results: Bioinformatics analysis showed that AXL was highly expressed in NPC tissues ( P <0.05), and AXL expression was positively correlated with OS, DFI, DSS, and PFI in HNSC patients. Western blotting and immunohistochemical results showed that AXL was highly expressed in NPC cell lines and tissues compared with the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line and tissues. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that knockdown and overexpression efficiency in the stable cell lines met the requirements of subsequent experiments. The results of CCK-8, plate colony formation, Transwell assays and subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice showed that down-regulation of AXL significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion of NPC cells and tumor growth (all P <0.05), and the up-regulation of AXL significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells (all P <0.05).As predicted by PROMO and JASPAR online databases, ETS1 was a transcription factor of AXL and had multiple binding sites in the AXL promoter region. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that knockdown or overexpression of ETS1 down-regulated or up-regulated AXL protein and mRNA expression levels. ChIP assay result showed that ETS1 bound to AXL promoter region and directly regulate AXL expression. Rescue assay showed that AXL rescued the effects of ETS1 on proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: AXL is highly expressed in NPC cell lines and tissues, which can promote the malignant progression of NPC, and its expression is regulated by transcription factor ETS1.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer consisting of ester bond-linked terephthalate and ethylene glycol. Tremendous amounts of PET have been produced and majority of them enters terrestrial and marine environment as wastes, posing serious threats to the global ecosystems. In 2016, a PET hydrolase from a PET-assimilating bacterium Ideonalla sakaiensis was reported and termed as IsPETase. This enzyme outperforms other PET-hydrolyzing enzymes in terms of its PET hydrolytic activity at ambient temperature, thus holds a great promise for PET biodegradation. In order to improve IsPETase activity, we conducted structure-based engineering to modify the putative substrate-binding tunnel. Among the several variants to the N233 residue of IsPETase, we discovered that the substitution of N233 with alanine increases its PET hydrolytic activity, which can be further enhanced when combined with a R280A mutation. We also determined the X-ray crystal structure of the IsPETase N233A variant, which shares nearly identical fold to the WT protein, except for an open end of subsite Ⅱ. We hypothesized that the smaller side chain of N233A variant might lead to an extended subsite Ⅱ for PET binding, which subsequently increases the enzymatic activity. Thus, this study provides new clues for further structure-based engineering of PETase.

Industrial enzymes are the "chip" of modern bio-industries, supporting tens- and hundreds-fold of downstream industries development. Elucidating the relationships between enzyme structures and functions is fundamental for industrial applications. Recently, with the advanced developments of protein crystallization and computational simulation technologies, the structure-function relationships have been extensively studied, making the rational design and de novo design become possible. This paper reviews the progress of structure-function relationships of industrial enzymes and applications, and address future developments.

Cervical spondylosis is due to degenerative cervical disc and its stimulation or oppression of the adjacent nerves, spinal cord, spinal artery and other tissue caused by clinical symptoms. The cervical spine is an anatomical structure with activity, while the pillow has a certain plastic fixation effect on the cervical spine anatomy. Therefore, the pillow not only plays a health role in the cervical spine, but also plays an important role in restoring the normal physiological curvature of the cervical spine. Based on this, a multi-functional cervical vertebra treatment pillow is designed, which not only has the functions of traction, maintaining different positions of the cervical spine, correcting the cervical curvature and equipment exercises, but also has the functions of voice broadcast and network data terminal.

Objective: To explore efficacy and safety of simulated artificial pancreas in modulating stress hyperglycemia in critically ill patients., Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was performed. Seventy-two critically ill patients with stress hyperglycemia, aged 18-85 years, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score over 15, two consecutive random blood glucose 11.1 mmol/L or higher, glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1C ) below 0.065, unable to eat food for 3 days after inclusion, or only accepting parenteral nutrition, admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) in Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District from January 1st, 2015 to June 30th, 2017 were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups according to the random number table method, high-intensity group and low-intensity group were injected Novolin R (high-intensity group 2/3 dosage, low-intensity group 1/3 dosage) to modulate stress hyperglycemia by simulated artificial pancreas. Simulated artificial pancreas consisted of Guardian real time glucose monitoring system (GRT system), close-circle control algorithm and micro-pump; subcutaneous injection of Humulin 70/30 was applied to modulate stress hyperglycemia in humulin group. Real-time glucose levels of interstitial fluid in abdominal wall, equivalent to blood glucose levels, 10 minutes each time, were monitored by using of GRT system for all patients in three groups. Fasting serum levels of stress hormones including epinephrine and cortisol and insulin resistance index (IRI) were recorded within 24 hours after inclusion. Mean blood glucose, blood glucose variation coefficient, blood glucose target-reaching rate, blood glucose target-reaching time, hypoglycemia rate and 6-month mortality were measured. Twenty healthy adults from health administration department of the hospital were recruited as healthy control group., Results: A total of 60 eligible critically ill patients were included in this study, each group with 20 patients. There was no significant difference in gender, age, APACHE II scores among three groups. The levels of serum epinephrine, cortisol and IRI within 24 hours after inclusion in the three groups were significantly higher than those in healthy control group. The mean blood glucose levels of humulin group, low-intensity group, high-intensity group were decreased (mmol/L: 10.2±3.2, 8.4±2.6, 8.1±2.2), the blood glucose target-reaching rate were increased [40.2% (3 295/8 196), 71.1% (5 393/7 585), 80.4% (6 286/7 818)], the blood glucose target-reaching time were shortened (hours: 49.1±5.8, 24.6±4.6, 17.5±4.2), the hypoglycemia rates were increased respectively [1.3% (108/8 196), 2.8% (211/7 585), 4.0% (313/7 818)], with statistically significant differences (all P = 0.000). There was no significant difference in blood glucose variation coefficient and 6-month mortality among three groups [blood glucose variation coefficient: (29.4±3.7)%, (28.5±5.3)%, (26.1±4.6)%, 6-month mortality: 55.0%, 45.0%, 40.0%, all P > 0.05]., Conclusions: Simulated artificial pancreas could effectively and safely modulate stress hyperglycemia in critically ill patients, high-intensity modulation could bring about better efficacy in the regulation of hyperglycemia. High-frequency blood glucose monitoring by using GRT system could promptly identify hypoglycemia and help it to be corrected.

Objective: To evaluate the advantages and clinical value regarding the ambulatory surgery for thyroid.
, Methods: A total of 66 patients (including 16 cases of differentiated thyroid cancer, 50 cases of benign thyroid tumors) from June 2014 to April 2015 in Center for Ambulatory Surgery of Xiangya Hospital were enrolled for this study and served as an exprimental group. All patients met pre-established ambulatory surgery criteria for thyroid. According to medical records, 133 patients with similar conditions to the experimental group were chosen as a control group. All of operations in two groups were completed by the same doctors. The time of operation, amount of bleeding during operation, drainage after the operation, operation method, resection range, histological features, surgical complications, average days of hospitalization, average hospitalization cost, the rate of re-admission and the satisfaction of patients were compared between the 2 groups. 
, Results: Time of operation and amount of bleeding during operation were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P>0.05). In terms of drainage after operation and resection range, there were obvious differences between the 2 groups (P<0.05). The resection range and the amounts of drainage in the experimental group were less than those in the control group. More patients in the experimental group chose endoscopic thyroid surgery compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). The rate of surgical complications and re-admission was not different (P>0.05), but average days of hospitalization and average hospitalization cost were less in the experimental group (P<0.05). Patients were satisfied with ambulatory thyroid surgery (P<0.05).
, Conclusion: Under certain criteria, ambulatory surgery for thyroid is a new operation method, which is safe, high-efficient, convenient, economy and time-efficient. It can decrease average days of hospitalization and average hospitalization cost obviously, and provide a reasonable choice for certain patients. The selection of endoscopic thyroid surgery was not conflict with selection of ambulatory thyroid surgery.

In industrial application of NAD(P)H-dependent dehydrogenases, NAD(H) has the advantages over NADP(H) in higher stability, lower price and wider recycling system. Recently, a meso-2,6-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase from Symbiobacterium thermophilum (StDAPDH) has been found to be a useful biocatalyst for the production of D-amino acids, but it requires NADP(H) as co-enzyme. To switch the co-enzyme specificity from NADP(H) to NAD(H), we studied the effect of Y76 on the co-enzyme specificity of StDAPDH, because the crystal structural analysis indicated that residue Y76 is near the adenine ring. The mutation of Y76 exerted significant effect on the co-enzyme specificity. Furthermore, the double mutant R35S/R36V significantly lowered the specific activity toward NADP+, and the combination of R35S/R36V with some of the Y76 mutants resulted in mutant enzymes favorable NAD+ over NADP+. This study should provide useful guidance for the further development of highly active NAD(+)-dependent StDAPDH by enzyme engineering.

Objective: To explore the impact of niflumic acid (NFA) on connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in smooth muscle cells of mesenteric small artery from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)., Methods: Blood pressure of Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was measured by the tail cuff method. Relaxation and contraction of mesenteric small artery from Wistar rat and SHR were evaluated by pressure myograph system under various concentrations of NFA. Protein Cx43 expression on primary cultured mesenteric smooth muscle cells from Wistar rats and SHR was detected in the absence and presence of various NFA concentrations by Western blot., Results: Phenylephrine resulted in mesenteric small arteries contraction [(193 ± 13.5) µm], while NFA (3×10(-4) mol/L) could relax the artery [(275 ± 17.1) µm]. The relaxation response in Wistar rats was significantly stronger than that in SHR (P < 0.05). Cx43 expression of the first level branch and the third branch mesenteric artery of SHR were higher than the corresponding branch vessels of Wistar rats, and the Cx43 expression of the third branches of mesenteric artery was higher than that of the first branch (F = 1 014.43, P < 0.01). Cx43 expression in primary cultured mesenteric smooth muscle cells was significantly downregulated post NFA treatment in a concentration dependent manner., Conclusion: In the SHR mesenteric small arteries, Cx43 may be involved in smooth muscle cells communication, thereby affecting vascular contraction and relaxation responses.NFA could downregulate the expression of Cx43 in SHR mesenteric artery vascular smooth muscle cells and induce vasodilation.

Objective: To explore the procedure and effectiveness of sequential reduction and fixation for zygomatic complex fractures., Methods: Between March 2004 and February 2012, 32 patients with zygomatic complex fractures were treated. There were 28 males and 4 females with a median age of 29 years (range, 17-55 years). Fractures were caused by traffic accident in 29 cases and by tumble in 3 cases. The time between injury and admission was 1-12 days (mean, 3 days) in 28 fresh fractures and 22-60 days (mean, 40 days) in 4 old fractures. All patients were diagnosed by clinical symptom and CT scan. Coronal scalp incision, lower eyelid aesthetic incision, and intraoral incision were used to expose the zygomatic bone segments. The sequence of fractures reduction and fixation was horizontal first, and then longitudinal. In horizontal orientation, reduction and simultaneous fixation started from the root of the zygoma, to zygomatic arch, body of the zygoma, and inferior orbital rim in turn. Longitudinally, fracture reduction of zygomatico-frontal suture and orbital posterolateral walls was done first, followed by fracture reduction of zygomaticomaxillary buttress., Results: Primary healing of incision was obtained in all 32 cases, without complications of maxillary sinus fistula and infection. Eighteen patients were followed up 6 months to 6 years with a median time of 32 months. All the patients gained satisfactory results with normal zygomatic contour and symmetric midface. All patients restored normal mouth opening. No eye and vision damage occurred. Frontal disappearance and brow ptosis were observed in 2 cases. Hair loss (2-3 mm) was seen at the site of coronal scalp incision, without scar hyperplasia; there was no obvious scar at lower eyelid. CT and X-ray films showed bony healing at 6 months after operation., Conclusion: Sequential reduction and fixation is accord with the mechanical characters of complicated zygomatic fractures. It is very easy to achieve anatomic reduction of the bone segments and facial symmetry.

Carbonyl reductases catalyze carbonyl compounds to chiral alcohols that are important building blocks in fine chemical industry. To study carbonyl reductase from Pichia pastoris GS115 (ppcr), we discovered a new gene (ppcr) encoding an NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase by genomic data mining. It was amplified by PCR from the genomic DNA, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity. The optimum temperature was 37 degrees C and the optimum pH of PPCR was 6.0. PPCR was stable below 45 degrees C. The Km and k(cat) value of the enzyme for ethyl 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate were 9.48 mmol/L and 0.12 s, respectively. The enzyme had broad substrate specificity and high enantioselectivity. It catalyzed the reduction of aldehydes, a-ketoesters, beta-ketoesters and aryl ketones to give the corresponding alcohols with >97% ee with only a few exceptions, showing its application potential in the synthesis of chiral alcohols.

Asymmetric reduction of bulky diaryl ketones is still one of the challenging tasks in biocatalysis. By genomic data mining, a putative carbonyl reductase gene pascr was found in Pichia pastoris GS115. pascr was cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli Rosseta2 (DE3). The recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity by Ni-NTA column and its catalytic properties were studied. PasCR strictly used NADPH as cofactor, gel filtration and SDS-PAGE analysis suggested that the native form of PasCR was a dimmer. PasCR exhibited the highest activity at 35 degrees C in phosphate buffer at pH 6.5. The enzyme catalyzed the reduction of some bulky diaryl ketones, such as 4-methylbenzophenone, 2-methylbenzophenone and 4-chlorobenzophenone, especially for 4-methylbenzophenone, the product S--alcohol was obtained with 85% ee.

Objective: To provide further foundation for the therapy for spine cord injury by transferred mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) expressing the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene., Methods: Bone mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from rats and directly cultivated and expanded in vitro. Bone mesenchymal stem cells were divided into 3 groups: a pEGFP-N1- BDNF-transfected group (BDNF group), a pEGFP-N1 transfected group (vector group) and a non-transfected group. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of transgenic bone mesenchymal stem cells. The differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells was identified by immunofluorescence. The rates of induction of neuron-like cells among the three cell groups were compared., Results: The cell surface markers of bone mesenchymal stem cells included expression of CD90 (+), CD44 (+), CD34 (-), CD45 (-). The expression of BDNF in the transfected bone mesenchymal stem cells was demonstrated by Western blot. The positive ratio of neuron-like differentiation in the BDNF group was higher than that of both the vector group and the non-transfected group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: BDNF gene plays an important role in promoting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neuron-like cells.

Objective: To determine the effect of transfection of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) on neuron-like differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) with plasmid vector., Methods: In vitro cultured rMSC was transfected with plasmid vector containing EGFP, and its surface marker and differentiation neuron-like cells were detected. Results There was no significant difference in the morphology and surface markers between the EGFP-rMSC and rMSC. The cell surface markers of EGFP-rMSC including expression of CD44(+),CD11b (-) and CD45(-) remained similar to those of rMSC. EGFP-rMSC presented the differentiated potential to neuron-like cells. There was no statistical difference in the positive ratio of neuron-like differentiation between the EGFP-rMSC and rMSC (P> 0.05)., Conclusion: EGFP does not affect the neuron-like differentiation potential of rMSC, and can be used as the trace marker in the study of differentiation potential of rMSC.

Objective: To establish the 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) map in colonic mucosa in sub-healthy people with shapeless stool and healthy people, to identify the differential proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and to provide theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of intestinal mucosa in sub-healthy people with shapeless stool., Methods: Two-DE was used to separate the total proteins from the intestinal mucosa in sub-healthy people (the sub-health group) with the shapeless stool and healthy volunteers (the control group). ImageMaster 2D Elite soft was applied to analyze the 2-DE images, and the differentially expressed protein spots between the 2 groups were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS, protein bank and information technique., Results: We analyzed the average maps and obtained 517 protein spots in the sub-healthy group and 535 protein spots in the control group. Between the sub-healthy group and the control group, the mean of 366 protein spots was matched, and the matching rate was 70.79%. Ten differential protein spots were screened by MALDI-TOF-MS, and 8 were identified. Five out of the 8 spots were significantly decreased, while 3 out of the 8 were significantly increased., Conclusion: The proteomic expression in colonic mucosa of people with shapeless stool is significantly different from that of healthy people. Eight differential proteins such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 isoform 1, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 2 (mitochondrial), γ-actin, annexin A5 possibly involve in the pathogenesis of sub-healthy people with shapeless stool.

Objective: To analyze the etiology and prevention of complications related to the pedicle screw technique in the treatment of thoracic scoliosis., Methods: There were 183 thoracic deformity patients 110 idiopathic scoliosis, 32 adult scoliosis, 28 congenital kyphoscoliosis, 8 Marfan syndrome with scoliosis, and 6 others. All patients' Cobb angles were evaluated preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively by roentgenograms. The deformity correction rate was calculated. All radiographic evaluations were carried out in a double-blind fashion. The complication rate was analyzed perioperatively and postoperatively., Results: The deformity correction rate was 72%, better than others treated with hook-rod system. The perioperation complication rate was 8.4% (pedicle fracture 1.5%, infection 3.8%, pneumothorax and plural effusion 1.6%, transitory neurological damage 0.5%, and over-bleeding shock 1%). The complication rate at follow-up was 3.6% (infection 0.5%, fatigue fracture 1%, loss of deformity correction 1.6%, and transitory neurological damage 0.5%). Compared with those treated with hook-rod system, the perioperation complication rate, loss of deformity correction, permanent damage, and complications related to the internal fixation were all low., Conclusion: The complication rate of pedicle screw fixation system was low in the treatment of thoracic deformity. When surgeons are thoroughly familiar with the technique and related pathoanatomy, and with the spinal cord function wardship by SEP, complications related to the pedicle screw technique in the treatment of thoracic scoliosis will be well controlled.

Objective: To analyze the accuracy of free-hand thoracic pedicle screw placement in severe idiopathic scoliosis via CT scan., Methods: Twenty patients with complete CT data were chosen out of 58 patients of severe idiopathic scoliosis from June 1996 to December 2006. The Cobb angle of the main thoracic curve was from 82 degree to 142 degree (96.3 degree +/- 14.3 degree). The kyphotic angle in the main curve was 66.2 degree +/- 12.4 degree. The placement of thoracic pedicle screw was completed free-handedly, and the accuracy of screws placement was evaluated with CT thin-slice scan postoperatively., Results: Altogether 174 thoracic pedicle screws were inserted, 157 (90.2%) of which were fully contained within the cortical boundaries of the pedicle.The other 17 screws (9.8%) were misplaced in 9 patients: 11 screws (6.8%) were lateral, 9 of which had a breach 0.05). There was no neural complication in all patients., Conclusion: It is fairly accurate place thoracic pedicle screw in severe idiopathic scoliosis free-handedly, with some misplacements.

Objective: To study the antagonistic joint action of vitamin E (VE) lipid peroxidation of testis in the male rats with carbon disulfide (CS2)., Methods: 36 wistar male rats were randomly dicided into six groups. It took 10-week for the rats to breath CS2 in different concentrations (0, 50, 250 and 1250 mg/m3), respectively, CS2 (1250 mg/m3) with VE (250 mg/kg diet) and VE (250 mg/kg diet) group. After 10-week treatment, rats were killed and the following parameters of lipid peroxidation in testis were determined:SOD, MDA, GST, GSH, GSH-px, NO, NOS and iNOS., Results: Compare with the control group, SOD, GST, GSH-px, NOS and iNOS activity were decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), GSH, NO content decreased also, MDA content was increased (P < 0.01). After the antioxidant VE treatmented, the parameters were significantly increased (the amount of MDA was decreased)., Conclusion: The antioxidant VE significantly protects against on lipid peroxidation in testes of male rats with CS2.