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According to understanding of the pathogenesis of acne, scholars have established animal models of acne inflammation, animal models of grafting human skin acne, and natural acne animal models. The acne inflammation model is mainly induced by bacterial infection, chemical drug application, and foreign matter injection. Natural acne animal models include animals that some are sensitivity to hormones and some have clinical symptoms of acne. It is necessary to select appropriate model animals and replicate model methods for the development of acne intervention products with different degrees and mechanisms. At present, there are only human evaluation standards of acne health functions in China, but no animal evaluation standards, which has affected the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of acne as well as the research and development progress of acne products. This article summarizes the conditions for the occurrence of acne, the characteristics of human skin, the bidirectional effect of Cutibacterium acnes on human skin, acne animal models, and commonly used observation and evaluation indicators, providing the reference for studying the pathogenesis of acne, promoting acne treatment and health care, and developing treatment products.

Objective To observe the effect of evaluation of swallowing function and dietary management for patients with radiotherapy for hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Totally 50 patients with radiotherapy for hypopharyngeal carcinoma underwent evaluation of swallowing function (repetitive saliva-swallowing test, water-swallow test). The dietary plan was designed based on the volume-viscosity swallowing test, and targeted dietary interventions about nutritional knowledge and eating skills were provided. Results Of 50 patients, 30 cases with swallowing dysfunction according to the water-swallow test. All patients completed the whole course of radiotherapy except for 1 case as acute cardiovascular disease. There was no case of abandoning treatment as malnutrition, asphyxia, respiratory aspiration or aspiration pneumonia. Conclusion The early evaluation of swallowing function and targeted dietary management should be carried out, in order to improve the nutritional status of patients with radiotherapy for hypopharyngeal carcinoma, and reduce the risk of respiratory complications. INSET: 118. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the expression of transforming growth factor 1(TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) in human nonunion tissues, and to evaluate the clinical significance.
 Methods: The number of hypertrophic nonunion tissue samples and atrophic nonunion tissue samples were collected from Department of Orthopedics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiao Tong University between 2010 and 2014. Semi-quantification of SP immunohistochemical method and pathological image analysis software IPP6.0 were used to analyze the expression of TGF-β1 and BMP-9. Nonunion type, patients' age and nonunion time were statistical analyzed.
 Results: The absorbance values of TGF-β1 and BMP-9 in the hypertrophic nonunion tissues were 0.3236±0.0390 and 0.1337±0.0400, respectively; while the absorbance values ofTGF-β1 and BMP-9 in the atrophic nonunion tissues were 0.3191±0.0369 and 0.1373±0.0423, respectively, with no significant difference between the two types of tissues (both P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in patients' age and bone nonunion time between them (all P>0.05).
 Conclusion: There is no significant difference in osteogenic potential between the hypertrophic nonunion tissues and the atrophic nonunion tissues.

Objective: To explore the molecular basis for a CD36 deficiency individual and distribution of CD36 gene mutation in Guangxi population., Methods: A female individual was studied. CD36 phenotype was detected by monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens assay (MAIPA) and flow cytometry (FCM). The coding regions of the CD36 gene were sequenced. A DNA-based polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) assay was used to verify the identified mutation. Cell lines expressing the mutant and wild-type CD36[CD36(MT) and CD36(WT)] were established, with the expression of CD36 determined by Western blotting. The distribution of CD36 gene mutation was investigated among 1010 unrelated individuals with the PCR-SSP assay., Results: Both MAIPA and FCM assays showed that the patient had type II CD36 deficiency. DNA sequencing showed that she has carried a heterozygous mutation T538C (Trp180Arg) in the exon 6 of CD36. Sequencing of cDNA clone confirmed that there was a nucleotide substitution at position 538 (538T>C). Western blotting also confirmed that the CD36 did not express on the CD36(MT) cell line that expressed the 538C mutant, but did express on the CD36(WT) cell line. The novel CD36 mutation T538C was further verified with 100% concordance of genotyping results by DNA-based PCR-SSP assay and 1010 unrelated individuals. No CD36 538C allele was detected among the 1010 individuals., Conclusion: This study has identified a novel CD36 mutation T538C(Trp180Arg)(GenBank: HM217022.1), and established a genotyping method for the novel sequence-specific primer PCR. The novel mutation is rare in Guangxi and can cause type II CD36 deficiency.