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Objective To summarize the clinical characteristic of stroke in the plateau area with altitude of 4000 m above, and to screen the risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke. Methods The clinical data of 103 stroke patients (including 71 hemorrhagic stroke and 32 ischemic stroke) admitted to Ngari Prefecture People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical characteristic of hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke were compared. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to screen the risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke. Results The age of hemorrhagic stroke patients was lower than that of ischemic stroke patients [(57.48 ± 10.81) years vs. (64.03 ± 10.96) years; t = 2.836, P = 0.006], and the systolic blood pressure at admission [(171.92 ± 28.95) mm Hg vs. (141.81 ± 23.24) mm Hg; t = 5.174, P = 0.000], diastolic blood pressure [(107.58 ± 18.76) mm Hg vs. (93.44 ± 14.94) mm Hg; t = 3.757, P = 0.000], hemoglobin [(189.54 ± 28.12) g/L vs. (165.35 ± 25.42) g/L; t = 4.111, P = 0.000] and total cholesterol [(4.60 ± 0.88) mmol/L vs. (4.04 ± 0.82) mmol/L; t = 3.118, P = 0.002] were higher than those of ischemic stroke patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure on admission (OR = 1.048, 95%CI: 1.024-1.073; P = 0.000) and hemoglobin (OR = 1.043, 95%CI: 1.015-1.072; P = 0.002) elevation were risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions Hemorrhagic stroke is the main type of stroke in the plateau area with altitude of 4000 m above. Patients with high systolic blood pressure on admission and hemoglobin are more likely to have hemorrhagic stroke.

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior and mechanism of M152 and 17-4PH high-strength steels in high Cl- environment were studied through neutral salt spray test and slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test. The result shows that M152 and 17-4PH steels exhibit a certain sensitivity to SCC in Cl- environment, elongations of them both decrease with the increasing time of early neutral salt spray test, and the SCC sensitivity gradually increases. Comparing the fracture morphology with lateral crack through SEM, it can be found that the fracture mechanism of M152 and 17-4PH high-strength steels converts ductile fracture to brittle fracture as the extension of neutral salt spray test time. The synergistic effect of anodic dissolution (AD) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) result in the occurrence of SCC in high Cl- environment, and Cl- can promote the AD process. Due to the obvious effect of HE, 17-4PH steel has higher SCC sensitivity than M152 steel with the same time of early neutral salt spray test. 17-4PH high-strength steel is more prone to SCC than M152 in high Cl- environment.

Based on an engineering example, the characteristics of pump-stopping water hammer in a pipeline system with a local convex point are analyzed in this paper. Then based on the working principles of the air valve and water hammer relief valve, the water hammer protection effects of three measures, including the ordinary air valve, air valve with the function of "fast in and slow out", and ordinary air valve adding with water hammer relief valve, were compared and analyzed. The calculation results show that, compared with the ordinary air valve, the air valve with the function of "fast in and slow out" can effectively reduce the water hammer pressure caused by cavities collapsing by limiting the venting speed in the pressure raising stage, and has a better water hammer protection effect. The water hammer relief valve set at the place where the cavities collapsing first occurs can release the high pressure fluid in time, so it can be used as a water hammer protection backup measure after the failure of the function of the "fast in and slow out" the air valve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented compound Chinese medicine feed additive on amniotic fluid amount and reproductive performance of sows. Twenty pregnant crossbred sows (LandracexLarge White) with similar body condition and parity were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with ten replicates in each group and one pig in each replicate. All sows were fed the same basal diet, and sows in experimental group were supplemented with fermented compound Chinese medicine feed additive at 50 g/(head⋅d) from the 104th day of pregnancy to the end of lactation. Amniotic fluid was collected with urine collection pad during delivery period, and farrowing duration, live litter size, number of dead suckling piglets, number of suckling piglets with diarrhea and number of weaned piglets were recorded. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average amniotic fluid amount of sows in experimental group was significantly better than that in control group (P<0.05). The number of live litter and weaned piglets of sows in experimental group were higher than those in control group, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Fetal birth time of sows in experimental group and diarrhea rate of suckling piglets were lower than those in control group, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The experiment indicates that supplementation of fermented compound Chinese medicine feed additive at a level of 50 g/(head⋅d) to sows has benefits in increasing amniotic fluid amount and sow's yearly productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed a separation method of mixed pigments based on spectrum expression and independent component analysis. First, the spectrometer was used to obtain the spectral information of mixed pigments that was expressed as the discrete signal. Second, the independent component analysis was used to calculate the type of basic pigment. The simulated spectrum data of Munsell color card was used to validate this method. This algorithm could separate the mixed pigment spectrums from three basic pigment spectrums and the mixture from several pigment spectrums within the set of eight basic pigment spectrums successfully. The curve of separated pigment spectrum was very similar to the curve of original pigment spectrum. The average similarity is 97. 64%, and the maximum one can reach 99. 95%. The experiment results show that this method can determine the composition of mixed pigments accurately, so it is suitable for separation of mixed pigments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To calculate the volume fraction of interracial transition zone (ITZ) in cement-based composite materials, two quantitative expressions combining with actual sieve curve were put forward based on the most nearest surface distribution function and an approximate way of surface area of aggregates. The results show that the error of the ITZ fraction was about 10 percent, when the volume fraction of aggregate and the ITZ thickness per unit volume concrete is less than 0.5, 50 µm, respectively, and the smaller the ITZ thickness, the smaller the calculated difference between two methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To detect the changes and evaluate the effect of radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma on biochemical markers of bone metabolism on the jaw bones. METHODS: Twenty two patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radiotherapy were included in this study. Concentration of serum BAP,TRACP-5b prior to radiotherapy, after 30Gy and 50Gy of radiotherapy were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA); Concentration of urine Ca was assayed by arsenazo M spectrophotometric and the urine creatinine (Cr) was determined by carbazotic acid method; Data were compared by paired t test and Mann-Whitney nonparametric test using SPSS17.0 software package. RESULTS: The serum BAP decreased with increase of radiation dose. Compared with serum BAP prior to radiotherapy, there was a significant decrease in patients after 50Gy of radiotherapy(P<0.05); The serum TRACP-5b was not significantly changed before and after radiotherapy (P>0.05); Ionizing radiation-induced decrease in the urinary Ca/Cr was found, and there was significant difference not only between the dose of OGy and 50Gy but also between the dose of OGy and 30Gy (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Radiation can inhibit the activities of jaw bone,the biochemical markers of bone metabolism in BAP and U Ca/Cr can reflect the effects of radiation on jaw bone metabolism. Supported by Science and Technology Research Program of Guangdong Province (2009B030801186) and Research Project of Bureau of Science and Technology of Zhuhai City(2007-46). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To suppress the effect that differences of channel in different indoor environment bring to mitigation of ISI for UWB receiver, an adjustable observation window length-fractionally spaced linear equalization (AOWL-FSLE) equalization receiver is proposed in this paper. The receiver can adaptively select the observation window length according to difference of channel. Simulation results show that when channel changed, compared with fixed observation window length-fractionally spaced linear equalization (FOWL-FSLE) equalization receiver, the AOWL-FSLE equalization receiver can achieve better BER performance, because it can suppress the effect of ISI more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A matrix decomposition algorithm was proposed for calculating exact reliability of multistate networks based on d-minimal cuts (d-MCs). This algorithm was more efficient than the inclusion-exclusion algorithm by means of decomposition principle, absorption law and definition of d-minimal cuts matrix and matrix probability. Based on recursive matrix decomposition and reduction, the algorithm obtained exact reliability by recursive matrix probability calculation. Furthermore, the algorithm reduced computational complexity by defining deletion function and dynamically selecting decomposition edge. This algorithm is characterized by clear structure, simple accomplishment and low computational complexity, which has an exponential relationship with the edge amount in the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Nutrition Plan(2017-2030) and the Healthy China Action Plan(2019-2030) propose to vigorously develop traditional dietary care services, fully leverage the role of traditional dietary care in modern nutrition, and guide citizens to develop dietary habits that are in line with the dietary characteristics of different regions in China. Traditional dietary care has a long history in China and is one of the brilliant treasures of Chinese cuisine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) culture. It has played an important role in disease prevention, treatment, and health preservation and longevity. To promote the traditional culture of TCM, and guide and standardize the application and promotion of dietary care, it is necessary to develop a dietary care guideline with TCM characteristics. Based on the theories and practices of TCM, the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CACMS) has developed this guideline, which is tailored to local conditions and combined with modern nutrition, and targets people with different physical constitutions. According to the principles of dialectical diet, tailored to people, times, and local conditions, reinforcing healthy qi, correction, the combination of meat and vegetables, and the combination of four qi and five flavors, suitable ingredients are recommended(including TCM materials that are both food and medicinal materials). By promoting the popularization and development of traditional dietary care, this guideline contributes to integrating the strength of TCM into a unique nutritional and health model with Chinese characteristics.

Intracranial tumors seriously affect the physical and mental health of humans. Due to variations in the nature and the growth site of tumors, individualized and specific treatment of patients with intracranial tumor has become a hotspot topic of research, and targeted drug therapy of intracranial tumors, an important subspecialty of precision medicine, has become a key issue that scientists are working hard to tackle. At present, the rapid development in molecular biology and genomics has provided corresponding targets for precision therapies of tumors. However, the blood-brain barrier and blood-tumor barrier prevent drugs from reaching intracranial targets. Therefore, finding effective ways to elevate the concentration of intracranial drugs has become the key issue concerning existing targeted therapies for intracranial tumors. Herein, we reviewed the current status of targeted drug therapy for different intracranial tumors and discussed their efficacy, intending to provide new perspectives for the treatment of intracranial tumors with targeted drugs in the future., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objectives: To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China., Methods: A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group ( n =1 189) and non-EUGR ( n =1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined., Results: The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR ( P <0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.

Objective: To summarize and analyze the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of sexual activity-related hematuria., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 12 cases of sexual activity-related hematuria treated in Changhai Hospital from October 2015 to April 2019. The patients ranged in age between 31 and 59 years, with a disease course of 2 weeks to 25 years, 6 complaining of urethral bleeding at penile erection and another 6 hematuria immediately after ejaculation, including 2 accompanied by hemospermia. All the patients underwent urethroscopy and cauterization of the lesioned urethral mucosa with the electric excision ring or holmium laser. In addition, one of the patients received seminal tract endoscopic exploration and seminal vesicle irrigation, and another one seminal tract endoscopy and transurethral resection of the prostate., Results: All the patients were diagnosed with posterior urethral varicosity, one accompanied with bulbar and posterior urethral varicosity, one with seminal vesiculitis, and still another with BPH. The patients were followed up for 3－45 (mean 23.5) months, during which the symptoms of sexual activity-related hematuria disappeared in 11 cases, with smooth urination and no recurrence, and post-ejaculation hematuria developed in one case at 2 and 10 months postoperatively but never again thereafter. No complications, such as epididymitis, urethral stricture and ED, were observed in any of the patients., Conclusions: Urethral varicosity should be first considered in patients with painless hematuria immediately after penile erection or sexual activity though other conditions such as seminal vesicle bleeding can also be taken into account. Urethroscopy combined with seminal tract endoscopy is effective in the diagnosis and treatment of sexual activity-related hematuria.

Objective: To investigate the effects of the compound preparation Jinghuosu on oligospermia and asthenospermia., Methods: This multi-centered clinical study included 120 cases of mild to moderate idiopathic oligospermia or asthenospermia, all treated with oral Jinghuosu once a bag, bid, for 3 successive months. Before and at 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment, we detected sperm concentration, total sperm motility, progressive sperm motility and normal sperm morphology of each ejaculate, and recorded whether the patients had any adverse reactions., Results: After 3 months of treatment, all the patients showed obvious improvement in semen parameters, most significantly in sperm concentration, total sperm motility, and the percentages of progressive motile sperm and morphologically normal sperm (P <0.05). No significant adverse reactions were observed during the 3 months of medication., Conclusions: Jinghuosu has a significant efficacy and no obvious adverse effect in the treatment of mild to moderate oligospermia and asthenospermia.

Objective: To investigate the treatment of azoospermia induced by iatrogenic injury to the bilateral vas deferens., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 11 cases of azoospermia caused by iatrogenic injury to bilateral vas deferens. The patients were aged 20－33 years, all diagnosed with azoospermia preoperatively and none with a history of pelvic operation. Seven of them had received bilateral inguinal hernia repair and the other 4 undergone bilateral orchidopexy in the childhood., Results: Intraoperative exploration of the bilateral inguinal region was performed in all the patients. Bilateral vas deference atresia was found in the inguinal canal in 6 cases, which was treated by microscopic vasovasostomy following removal of the atresic segment. Vas deferens residual was observed in or near the deep inguinal ring in the other 5 cases, with the distal vas deferens inaccessible, which was treated by bilateral vasovasostomy in 3 cases and unilateral vasovasostomy in 2 (for longer defect segment than could be anastomosed) following combined laparoscopic exploration of the abdominal cavity. The patients were followed up for 3－12 months postoperatively, during which sperm were detected in 7 cases, with sperm concentration ranging from 0.4×10⁶/ml to 35×10⁶/ml and grade a+b sperm from 15% to 46%., Conclusions: For the diagnosis of azoospermia, especially in patients with no history of pelvic operation, special attention should be paid to iatrogenic injury to the vas deferens. For the treatment of the disease, non-tension vasovasostomy is essential and, when necessary, the vas deferens can be reconstructed by changing its anatomical path and shortening its length.

Reflectance spectrometry is a common method in composition analysis of mixed pigments. In this method, similarity is used to determine the type of basic pigments that constitute the mixed pigments. But its result may be inaccurate because it is easily influenced by a variety of basic pigments. In this study, a composition analysis method of mixed pigments based on spectrum expression and independent component analysis is proposed, and the composition of mixed pigments can be calculated accurately. First of all, the spectral information of mixed pigments is obtained with spectrometer, and is expressed as the discrete signal. After that, the spectral information of basic pigments is deduced with independent component analysis. Then, the types of basic pigments are determined by calculating the spectrum similarity between the basic pigments and known pigments. Finally, the ratios of basic pigments are obtained by solving the Kubelka-Munk equation system. In addition, the simulated spectrum data of Munsell color card is used to validate this method. The compositions of mixed pigments from three basic pigments are determined under the circumstance of normality and disturbance. And the compositions of mixture from several pigments within the set of eight basic pigments are deduced successfully. The curves of separated pigment spectrums are very similar to the curves of original pigment spectrums. The average similarity is 97.72%, and the maximum one can reach to 99.95%. The calculated ratios of basic pigments close to the original one. It can be seen that this method is suitable for composition analysis of mixed pigments.

Male infertility is a common and complex disease in urology and andrology, and for many years there has been no effective surgical treatment. With the emergence of microsurgery and assisted reproductive medicine (IVF/ICSI), rapid development has been achieved in the treatment of male infertility. The Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery at Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University has been playing an important leading role in developing microsurgical techniques for the management of male infertility. The development of microsurgical treatment of male infertility in China has experienced the 3 periods of emerging, making, and boosting ever since its systematic introduction from Weill Cornell Medical College 15 years ago. At present, many Chinese hospitals have adopted microsurgery in the management of male infertility, which has contributed to the initial establishment of a microsurgical treatment system for male infertility in China. However, some deficiencies do exist concerning microsurgical treatment of male infertility, as in normalized technical training programs for competent surgeons, unified criteria for evaluation of surgical outcomes, and detailed postoperative follow-up data. This article presents an overview on the 15-year development of microsurgical management of male infertility in China, points out the existing deficiencies, and offers some propositions for the promotion of its development.

Objective: To explore Chinese medical syndrome distribution features of Japanese encephalitis (JE), and to analyze its correlation between syndromes and features of etiologies and pathogeneses., Methods: Recruited were 277 patients with confirmative diagnosis of JE from Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Fifth People's Hospital of Guiyang City, Hangzhou Sixth People's Hospital, and Chengdu Hospital of Infectious Diseases between July to September 2012. Chinese medical syndrome distribution features were summarized from their general materials and detailed records of clinical data, including medical history, symptoms and signs, tongue fur, and pulse figures.The frequency of symptoms and signs was calculated according to mild, ordinary, severe, extreme severe degrees. The distribution of Chinese medical syndromes was summarized. And its correlation between syndromes and features of etiologies and pathogeneses were analyzed., Results: After clustering analysis, Chinese medical syndromes of JE could be categorized as four groups: toxicity accumulation in Fei and Wei syndrome (TAFWS), brain collateral impaired by poison syndrome (BCIPS), depression of toxicity in the pericardium syndrome (DTPS), exhaustion of yin and yang syndrome (EYYS). BCIPS and DTPS were dominated, accounting for 74.0% (205 cases). The main causes covered evil of summer heat [accounting for 92.42% (256/277 cases)], heat [accounting for 87.73% (243/277 cases)], and toxin [accounting for 99.64% (276/277 cases)]., Conclusions: The four Chinese medical syndrome types of JE met Chinese medical clinical features of encephalitis. It is induced by infestation of dampness-heat, resulting in toxicity accumulation in Fei and Wei, brain collateral impaired by poison, depression of toxicity in the pericardium. Yin fluid and blood is exhausted as time goes by. Qi and yin are impaired to form intermingled deficiency and excess, and finally causing exhaustion of yin and yang.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) in old and middle-aged males in the rural area of Southern China., Methods: Using the age-stratified sampling method, we conducted a questionnaire investigation on androgen deficiency in aging males (ADAM), aging male symptoms (AMS) and IIEF-5 among 996 males aged 40 -80 years in a rural community of Jiashan county, Zhejiang Province from April to October 2012. We also determined the concentrations of serum total testosterone (TT), serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and serum albumin (ALB), detected the levels of free testosterone (cFT) and bio-available testosterone (Bio-T) by Vermeulen formula, and measured the volumes of the prostate and testis by ultrasonography., Results: The mean age of the males was 56.22 +/- 8.82 years. The positive rates of LOH were 62.86% and 23.05% based on ADAM and AMS, respectively, and the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) was 68.83%. There were significant differences among different age groups in the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), SHBG, cFT and Bio-T, but not in TT concentration., Conclusion: Ours was the first survey on the epidemiology of LOH among old and middle-aged males in the rural area of China. The incidence of LOH in the rural community of Zhejiang Province was lower than that in the urban areas reported in other studies, but the positive rate of ED showed no significant difference.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and effect of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of refractory or recurrent hemospermia., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 162 cases of refractory or recurrent hemospermia examined and treated by transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy. The patients ranged in age from 19 to 76 years and had a hemospermia history of 3 months to 11 years, admitted due to poor therapeutic results or recurrence after 4 weeks of antibiotic medication. All the patients underwent serum PSA examination, transrectal ultrasonography, seminal vesicle ultrasonography and pelvis CT or MRI before surgery., Results: Wine- or magenta-colored colloid and inflammation were found in one or both sides of the seminal vesicle in all the cases. Pathological biopsy revealed chronic inflammatory mucosa of the seminal vesicle in all the patients, and even calculi in the ejaculatory duct or seminal vesicle in 15 cases. Postoperative follow-up averaged 21.7 (12 -29) months. Hemospermia disappeared or was alleviated in 150 (92.64%) of the cases after 1-15 ejaculations, in which 7 experienced recurrence 3 months later. Four cases failed to respond, and 1 developed acute bilateral epididymitis after surgery. No such complications as retrograde ejaculation, urinary incontinence or rectal injury were observed postoperatively., Conclusion: Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy is a safe, effective and feasible new method for the treatment of refractory or recrudescent hemospermia.

Objective: To assess the clinical applicability of focused transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in intensive care unit (ICU) performed by intensivists and its impacts on clinical managements., Methods: After 12-hour tutorials and initial cardiac clinical assessments, intensivists performed a focused TTE (2-4 views of 2D, without Doppler or M mode) examination in 88 patients to assess left ventricular function and left ventricular volume status, and rule out local ventricular wall motion abnormalities and significant pericardial effusions. Each investigation was immediately reviewed by an echocardiograph to determine the technical quality of the TTE and the accuracy of the intensivist's interpretation., Results: Intensivists successfully performed a diagnostic focused TTE in 86 patients (97.7%) and interpreted correctly in 75 patients (85.2%). Management including fluid treatment, inotropic agent and vasoactive agent in 22.7% of patients were changed directly based on the focused TTE, 45.5% of patients were provided with valuable information, while 31.8% of them with non-valuable information. The mean focused TTE acquisition time of the intensivist was (11.2±5.2) minutes., Conclusions: After a brief standard training in using echocardiographic system, intensivists can successfully performed and correctly interpreted a focused TTE for critically ill patients. Our study demonstrates that new information can be provided by focused TTE, which can alter management in a significant number of patients. The present study supports incorporating bedside goal-directed, focused TTE into intensivists' training programs in China.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the age-related growth pattern of the prostate among 40 -70 year-old males in Shanghai community., Methods: Using cluster and stratified random sampling and IPSS, we investigated the prevalence of LUTS among 1000 males aged 40 -70 years in the general population of Shanghai from November 2009 to June 2010. We measured the transverse, anteroposterior and vertical diameters of the prostate and its transition zone in each volunteer by transrectal ultrasonography and established the equation for the age-related growth pattern of the prostate., Results: In the 40 to 49-, 50 to 59- and 60 to 70-year groups, the incidence rates of moderate and severe LUTS (IPSS > or = 8) were 10.0%, 15.0% and 28.7%, respectively. The length, width, height and volume of the prostate and its transition zone were positively corrected with age (P < 0.05). The prostatic growth pattern equations based on the parameters of the transverse, anteroposterior and vertical diameters were Y = 1.6 x 10(-5)X3-0.002 1X2 + 0.074 6X + 0.677 2, Y = -2.4 x 10(-5)X3 + 0.003 3X2-0.1312X + 1.269, and Y = 1.6 x 10(-5)X3-0.001 8X2 + 0.073X- 0.690 9, respectively. The transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the prostate grew at a relatively similar rate, while the transverse diameter grew obviously faster than the vertical diameter before 60 years old, but the latter significantly increased and even exceeded the former after 60 years old., Conclusion: The prevalence of LUTS among old and middle-aged males in Shanghai community is similar to that recently reported at home and abroad. The transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the prostate grow at a relatively similar rate, but the vertical diameter increases faster after 60 years old.

Objective: To analyze the association of the androgen receptor (AR) gene CAG-STR with late-onset hypogonadism (LOH), and explore the pathogenesis of LOH., Methods: Our investigation involved 1 000 men aged 40-70 years. We randomly selected 127 normal old and middle-aged males and 19 cases of LOH. We detected their levels of Triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum total testosterone (tT) and free testosterone (fT), measured their body mass index (BMI), height, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure, and examined the length of CAG repeats of the AR gene in the peripheral blood by PCR., Results: The numbers of CAG repeats ranged from 15 to 32, with a mean value 23.05 +/- 2.95. The mean BMI and FBG were significantly lower (P < 0.01), but TG, tT and fT remarkably higher in the normal than in the LOH men (P < 0.01), while the mean length of (CAG) n repeat polymorphism showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (22.54 +/- 3.06 vs 23.23 +/- 2.24, P = 0.946). The frequencies of long alleles (n > or = 22) were significantly higher in the LOH than in the normal men (73.68% vs 48.82%, P < 0.05). The numbers of CAG repeats had no significant correlation with tT (r = 0.04, P > 0.05) and fT (r = 0.025, P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The AR gene CAG length showed polymorphism in LOH men. The long alleles (CAG)n (n > or = 22) repeat polymorphism in the AR gene may be a genetic factor for LOH, but it has to be confirmed by further investigation.

The synergistic mechanism of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol (TCP) degradation using a combination of Fe0 and anaerobic dechlorinating bacteria with batch processing was investigated. Experimental results showed that under the conditions of pH 7.0, Fe0 5 g x L(-1) and 2,4,6-TCP 30 mg x L(-1), the growth and interface enrichment of enriched-bacteria could be promoted by Fe0, the cell mass (expressed by D600) of Fe0/enriched-bacteria was about 1.7 times as high as that of the individual predominant groups of dechlorinating bacteria. After 96 h reaction, large amount of bacteria attached to the iron surface, with short rod or coccus-like morphology. The pH value of the system was maintained at 7.8, which could be beneficial to the reductive dechlorination reaction and the growth of the enriched-bacteria. The major pathway of 2,4,6-TCP degradation in the Fe0/enriched-bacteria system was 2,4,6-TCP to 2,4-DCP and then to 4-CP.

Objective: To provide epidemiological data of the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of the pathogens isolated from burn patients in recent years for guiding rational use of antibiotics in clinic., Methods: Totally 2748 strains of pathogens were isolated from 1977 specimens (blood, catheter, wound excretion, etc.) collected from 478 patients hospitalized in Institute of Burn Research of Southwest Hospital from March 2003 to June 2011. After being identified by API strips, drug resistance of the 2748 isolated pathogens to 55 commonly-used antibiotics including gentamicin, tobramycin, piperacillin, amikacin, etc. was tested by K-B paper disk diffusion method. The WHONET 5.3 software was used to analyze the following subjects: the distribution of the pathogens with different types and different sources each year, the changes in drug-resistant rates of Gram negative bacilli, Gram positive cocci, and fungi to several antibiotics, and the changes in sensitive rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), Candida albicans (CA) to several antibiotics., Results: Among 2748 strains of pathogens, 1879 strains of Gram negative bacilli accounted for 68.38%, 628 strains of Gram positive cocci accounted for 22.85%, and 241 strains of fungi accounted for 8.77%. The isolation rate of strains from wound excretion ranked the first (1022 strains accounted for 37.19%), followed by those from respiratory tract (995 strains accounted for 36.21%) and blood (421 strains accounted for 15.32%). Strains isolated from other types of specimens were rare. Isolation rate of PA ranked the first (996 strains accounted for 36.24%), followed by SA (495 strains accounted for 18.01%) and AB (395 strains accounted for 14.37%). Isolation rate of AB showed a trend of increase year by year, but that of SA presented the opposite trend. Isolation rate of PA was quite stable. There were 484 strains of methicillin resistant SA among Staphylococci, accounting for 17.61%. Resistant rates of PA and AB to polymyxin B and polymyxin E were below 30.00%, and those of PA and AB to other antibiotics, such as the third generation cephalosporins, β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and quinolones, were from 57.91% to 100.00%. Resistant rate of AB to minocycline was 39.68%. From 2004 to 2011, sensitive rate of PA to quinolone antibiotics showed an increasing trend year by year, but that of AB to minocycline, netilmicin, imipenem, meropenem, tobramycin, and cefoperazone/sulbactam presented the opposite trend. Resistant rates of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and SA to teicoplanin and linezolid were less than 10.00%. Resistant rate of SA, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin was 0. Resistant rates of SA to quinupristin/dalfopristin, minocycline, fusidic acid, and compound sulfamethoxazole were low, respectively 0.82%, 9.35%, 2.21%, and 31.85%. Sensitive rates of SA to erythromycin, clindamycin, compound sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and minocycline showed an increasing trend year by year. Both infection rate and resistant rate of fungi were low. The resistant rates of CA to 5 kinds of antibiotics were less than 15.00%. The sensitive rate of CA to 5-flucytosine declined slightly, and those of CA to the other 4 antibiotics showed an increasing trend year by year., Conclusions: The three dominant pathogens that cause infection in burn patients hospitalized in Institute of Burn Research of Southwest Hospital in recent years are PA, SA, and AB in order. PA and AB are outstandingly multidrug-resistant among the isolated strains. AB might replace PA as the main pathogenic bacterium that cause the death of burn patients with infection.

Objective: To observe the effects of adenovirus borne IΚB gene, an inhibitor of nuclear factor-ΚB (NF-ΚB), infused via central vein, to treat infectious acute lung injury (ALI) in rats., Methods: According to random number table method, 30 pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, ALI model group, IΚB gene treatment group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats of IΚB gene treatment group were infused 1 ml adenovirus borne IΚB gene (titre: 1×10(9)pfu ), the rats of sham group and ALI model group were infused 1 ml normal saline through central vein. Subsequently, the rats of ALI model group and the IΚB gene treatment group were given 1 ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 ml/kg) through tail vein to reproduce model of ALI. On the other hand, the rats of sham group were given 1 ml normal saline through tail vein. Blood gas analysis, the ratio of wet to dry weight (W/D) of lung, plasma contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and protein expression of NF-ΚBp65 in lung tissue were determined, the pathobiological changes in lung tissue were microscopically observed and the scores of lung injury were calculated after 7 days., Results: The rats in three groups survived, except 1 rat died in ALI model group.Blood pH and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)) showed no obviously differences among three groups. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO(2) ) was highest in sham group and the lowest in ALI model group. The plasma content of TNF-α (μg/L) and IL-6 (ng/L ) in ALI model group were obviously higher than those in sham group (TNF-α: 5.20±1.09 vs. 3.01±0.46; IL-6: 540.28±100.78 vs. 214.45±61.37, both P<0.05). The plasma content of TNF-α and IL-6 in IΚB gene treatment group were obviously lower than those in ALI model group (TNF-α: 3.70±0.96 vs. 5.20±1.09, IL-6: 356.49±60.58 vs. 540.28±100.78, both P<0.05), and TNF-α content had restored to the level observed in sham group. The ratio of W/D of lung was lowest in sham group (4.49±0.36) and highest in ALI model group (5.78±0.43), and that of IΚB gene treatment group (5.33±0.38) was lower than that of ALI group. The score of lung injury was lowest in sham group (0.17±0.41) and highest in ALI model group (2.29±0.76), and that of IΚB gene treatment group (1.57±0.53) was lower than that of ALI group. The scale of NF-ΚBp65 immunohistochemistry was lowest in sham group (1.00±0.89) and highest in ALI model group (9.43±1.13), and that of IΚB gene treatment group (4.00±1.15) was lower than the latter. The differences of all the above parameters in three groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05 )., Conclusion: Increased expression of IΚB gene by an infusion of adenovirus borne IΚB gene through central vein can lower the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6, restrain the NF-ΚB activation, reduce lung water, alleviate alveolar collapse and lung consolidation in ALI in rats, thus lung injury is ameliorated.

Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is now recognized as a comorbid condition, especially in men with cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus. This randomized controlled trial was to examine the effect of long-term small-dose tadalafil in the treatment of ED., Methods: A total of 98 men older than 18 years with at least a 6-month ED history were enlisted and divided into two groups to receive once-daily treatment with tadalafil at 5 mg (n = 60) and 20 mg (n = 38), respectively, for 12 months. The effects of medication were analyzed and compared using IIEF, Global Assessment Questionnaire (GAQ) and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP), and so were the safety and tolerance of the two doses., Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the therapeutical results between the 5 mg and 20 mg groups (P < 0.05). The IIEF-5 score was raised by 8.1 points in the former and 7.9 points in the latter; the YES answers to SEP2 in the two groups were 51.3% and 49.2% before the treatment and 82.6% and 84.9% after it. No serious adverse events were observed, except some common ones, such as rubeosis (11.9% vs 8.7%) and headache (5.3% vs 4.9%) in the 5 mg and 20 mg groups., Conclusion: Oral tadalafil at 5 mg once daily is efficacious with good tolerance in the treatment of ED, and it can be an alternative to on-demand medication for some men to eliminate the inconvenience of planned intercourse within a limited timeframe.

Objective: To establish the craniopharyngioma cell line with primary culture which might provide experiment background and evidence for future eternal tumor cell line establishment., Methods: Thirty six surgical specimens were collected from patients with craniopharyngiomas definited by iconography and pathology examinations in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, including twenty one adamantine epitheliomas and fifteen squamous papillary tumors. The tumor cell was treated through primary cukture, purification, passage, freezing, resuscitation, and identified by keratin 7 staining through SP method. The growth curve and double time were detected through trypan blue dye cell count and MTT assay. The growth of the tumor cells treated with growth hormone (GH) and Tamoxifen was also observed., Results: Thirty six primary cultures were done, 29 of which were successful and subculture was achieved in 80.6% of all primary cultures. These cell lines were from squamous epithelium by keratin 7 antibody identification, with three days of double time. Proloferative effect of GH was most prevalent at 100 ng/mL, while tamoxifen suppressed cell growth., Conclusion: The finite craniopharyngioma cell lines were obtained through primary culture.

Objective: To study the expressions of the androgen receptor (AR) in the normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (PCa), and investigate the relationship of AR with prostatic hyperplasia and PCa., Methods: The expressions of AR were detected in 15 normal prostate, 20 benign prostatic hyperplasia and 40 PCa samples by immunofluorescent staining, real-time PCR and Western blotting., Results: Real-time PCR and Western blotting revealed no statistically significant differences in the expressions of AR between the normal prostate and prostatic hyperplasia groups (P < 0.05), while immunofluorescent staining exhibited an increase of the expression in the BPH tissues. All the three methods showed that the AR expression was significantly higher in the PCa than in the normal prostate and prostatic hyperplasia groups (P < 0.05), in the well differentiated than in the poorly differentiated tumor, and in the early than in the advanced stage (P < 0.05), but the lowest in the hormone-refractory PCa (HRPC) tissue., Conclusion: The expression of AR is higher in PCa than in normal prostate and prostatic hyperplasia tissues, and is correlated with the pathological grade and clinical stage of PCa.

Objective: To screen and identify differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus of the offsprings of lead exposed female rats in order to provide a theoretical basis for identifying learning and memory deficits related genes., Methods: RNA was extracted from the hippocampus of young rats with learning and memory deficits due to maternal lead exposure. Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify the differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus., Results: An effective subtracted library was constructed which consisted of approximately 200 clones. Sequencing for the library identified 93 clones harboring insertion fragments which included 43 different genes and 4 unknown genes. These genes might be related to learning and memory deficits due to maternal lead exposure., Conclusions: The up-regulated genes in the hippocampus of young rats from pregnant rats under lead exposure include some housekeeping genes and some proteins involved in cellular protein folding, signal transduction, stress response and DNA methylation. These proteins might be directly related to a significant reduction in learning and memory abilities in the young rats.

Objective: To study diagnostic value of 64 multislice CT in typing of congenital aortic anomaly in neonates and infants., Methods: 120 pediatric patients (under one year of age) with congenital heart disease (CHD) underwent 64 contrast-enhanced MSCT before a corrective operations. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 64 MSCT were evaluated and also compared with those of echocardiography with Doppler. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups (72 and 48 persons) respectively according to tube tension of 80 and 100 kV. The differences of the image qualities were compared between them., Results: 36 congenital aortic anomalies were found (36/120, 30%) by 64 MSCT, which were furtherly distinguished into 2 cases in double aortic arch, 2 cases in left-sided aortic arch with aberrant right subclavian artery, 22 cases in right aortic arch (6 cases in right-sided aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery, 12 cases in right aortic arch with mirror image branching), 10 cases in coarctation of aorta. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 64 MSCT were all 100%. By contrast, those of echocardiography with Doppler were 27.8%, 97.6%, 76.7%, respectively. The quality scores were 4.69 ± 0.52, 4.58 ± 0.58 at 80 kV and 100 kV, respectively. No significant statistical difference was found between them (t = 1.08, P = 0.28)., Conclusion: MSCT allows a detailed assessment of the anatomy of congenital aortic anomaly, which can be used as an important supplementary method in diagnosing CHD and offer important information for operation. 80 kV should be selected in CHD patients less than one year old for CT examination to reduce radiation exposure.

Objective: To compare the shear strength of the self-etching techniques and the all-etching techniques for enamel adhesion and to provide evidence for the selection of different bonding methods in clinical practice., Methods: Ten middle incisors recently extracted were collected, each was cut into two parts following its sagittal axis, thus divide each tooth into two groups. For group 1 Single Bond 2 was used to bond Filtek Z250 resin to the teeth. For group 2, SE Bond was used to bond Filtek Z250 resin to the teeth. After that, according to the principle of pressing from the incisal margin to the cervix, the shear strength of each bonding unit was tested and statistically analyzed., Results: The shear strength of Single Bond 2 was significantly higher than that of SE Bond(P<0.01)., Conclusion: All-etching bonding system can provide higher shear strength for enamel bonding than that of self-etching bonding system. It is suggested that all-etching technique should be selected for dental restoration with resin.

Objective: To compare the efficacy, tolerance and safety between oral sodium phosphate(NaP) and polyethylene glycol(PEG) on bowel preparation., Methods: One hundred and fifteen inpatients were randomly divided into NaP group and PEG group. The questionnaire was designed for scoring by patients and doctors regarding to tolerance, taste, side effects and cleaning degree etc., Results: Compared with PEG group, NaP presented better tolerance, lower side effects and higher rate of adequate cleaning quality(P<0.05). NaP could cause electrolytic alterations, such as hyperphosphatemia, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia and hypopotassemia, but these changes were transient and without clinical significance., Conclusion: Sodium phosphate is safe and effective for bowel preparation, and is better than polyethylene glycol in tolerance.

Objective: To investigate the total prostate volume (TPV) and prostate transitional zone volume (TZV) in different age groups of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients, calculate the transitional zone index (TZI), and analyze correlation of age with the above parameters., Methods: We divided 1,563 BPH patients into 4 age groups (50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and 80-89 y), measured their TPV and TZV by rectal ultrasonography, calculated their TZI and evaluated all the data obtained by statistical analysis., Results: The TPV, TZV and TZI of the BPH patients were shown to be (32.27 +/- 15.76) ml, (9.55 +/- 98) ml and 0.28 +/- 0.13 in the 50-59 y group; (40.93 +/- 17.45) ml, (14.94 +/- 11.83) ml and 0.34 +/- 0. 16 in the 60-69 y group; (46.56 +/- 20.31) ml, (19.54 +/- 19.25) ml and 0.39 +/- 0.16 in the 70-79 y group; and (47.85 +/- 26.63) ml, (20.40 +/- 16.78) ml and 0.41 +/- 0.19 in the 80-89 y group. Both TPV and TZV were positively correlated with the patients' age, (r1 = 0.232, r2 = 0.256)., Conclusion: TPV and TZV increase with age in BPH patients, the latter even more obviously than the former.

Objective: To observe the clinical curative effect of Rupi Xiaosan Recipe (RPXSR) on cyclomastopathy by adjusting the Chong-Ren Meridian through various paths., Methods: One hundred patients were assigned to two groups, the 60 patients in the treatment group and the 40 in the control group. They were treated by RPXSR and Rukang Tablet (RKT) respectively, and the changes of clinical symptoms and signs before and after treatment were observed and recorded, and the size of mammary tubercle was measured by molybdenum target X-ray and infrared scanning as well., Results: The total effective rate in the treatment group and the control group was 96.7% and 87.5% respectively, showing significant difference between them (P < 0.05). The outcome of X-ray and infrared scanning confirmed that RPXSR was superior to RKT in reducing the size of tubercle (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: RPXSR can improve the local blood circulation and inhibit the hyperplasia of mammary gland, has reliable effect on improving clinical symptoms in patients with cyclomastopathy.

Tadalafil is an oral phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor for male erectile dysfunction (ED). It has been proved to improve erectile function, with safety and effectiveness lasting up to 36 h, allowing patients to choose when to have sexual activities. Tadalafil is also efficacious in the treatment of ED associated with such diseases as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, etc. This article reviews the available evidence for the efficacy of tadalafil on ED and related diseases.

Wheat-Haynaldia villosa chromosome substitution line (6A/6V) and translocation lines (6DL/6VS, 6AL/6VS) were obtained through hybridization of H. villosa with powdery mildew susceptible cultivated wheat. Substitution line and translocation lines contain V chromosome or the chromosome short arm (VS) of H. villosa. They are resistant to powdery mildew. In this study, mitochondrial proteome changes were analyzed by using substitution line (6A/6V), translocation line (6DL/6VS) as experimental materials in order to studying the effects of V chromosome on the mitochondrial proteome and related to powdery mildew resistance. The results indicated that 16 new mitochondrial protein spots (spot1, 22kDa/PI8.5; spot2, 31 kDa/PI 7.5; spot3, 28 kDa/PI 7.0; spot4, 31 kDa/PI 6.5; spot5, 40 kDa/PI 7.5; spot6, 40 kDa/PI 7.4; spot7, 80 kDa/PI 8.4; spot8, 50 kDa/PI 7.5; spot9, 60 kDa/PI 7.3; spot10, 65 kDa/PI 6.6; spot11, 65 kDa/PI 6.6; spot12, 73 kDa/PI 7.5; spot13, 73 kDa/PI 7.7; spot14, 46 kDa/PI 7.4; spot15, 46 kDa/PI 7.3; spot16, 38 kDa/PI 6.3) were produced and 7 mitochondrial protein spots (spot1, 40 kDa/PI 7.5; spot2, 43 kDa/PI 7.6; spot3, 48 kDa/PI 7.5; spot4, 42 kDa/PI 8.0; spot5, 43 kDa/PI 7.5; spot6, 32 kDa/PI 4.8; spot7, 40 kDa/PI 5.5) were absent in substitution line, 7 new mitochondrial protein spots (spotl, 43 kDa/PI 6.3; spot2, 60 kDa/PI 6.5; spot3, 60 kDa/PI 6.4; spot4, 65 kDa/PI 7.5; spot5, 55 kDa/PI 8.2; spot6, 31 kDa/PI 8.0; spot7, 43 kDa/PI 8.0) were produced and 6 mitochondrial protein spots (spot1', 66 kDa/PI 8.3; spot2', 58 kDa/PI 8.5; spot3', 36 kDa/PI 7.0; spot4', 48 kDa/PI 7.7; spot5', 48 kDa/PI 6.8; spot6', 43 kDa/PI 6.2) were absent in translocation line. These experimental results suggest that V chromosome or VS of H. villosa can obviously lead mitochondrial proteome changed. These changes may be associated with resistant to powdery mildew of substitution line and translocation line.

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of Fushile, a compound preparation of several Chinese herbal drugs, in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)., Methods: A multi-centered, open and self-controlled clinical trial was performed in 60 BPH patients, who were treated with Fushile for 12 weeks. The efficacy of the compound was evaluated by the International Prostate Syndrome Score (IPSS), maximum flow rate (Qmax), post void residual (PVR) and prostate volume as the primary indexes and by the quality of life (QOL) score and average urinary flow rate (Qave) as the secondary indexes., Results: After 12 weeks of Fushile treatment, IPSS, Qmax, PVR, QOL and Qave of the BPH patients were significantly improved (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the volume of the prostate before and after the treatment (P > 0.05). No adverse events were observed in any of the patients., Conclusion: Fushile can significantly improve voiding symptoms, increase urinary flow and reduce PVR in BPH patients. It is effective and safe in the treatment of BPH.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy in the assessment of coronary artery bypass grafts using 64 multi-slice computed tomography angiography (64-MSCTA) technology., Methods: There were 228 patients post coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) underwent 64-MSCTA from July 2005 to April 2007. Thirty-one patients with 82 bypass grafts performed coronary angiography (CAG) because of angina or grafts lesion showed by 64-MSCTA., Results: All bypass grafts could be visualized by 64-MSCTA. Thirteen bypass graft occlusions and fourteen significant stenosis were detected by 64-MSCTA and confirmed by CAG. One venous grafts distal anastomosis was missed and another one was miss diagnosed as stenosis. One false negative and one false positive CT-finding resulted in a sensitivity of 93.3%, a specificity of 98.1%, a positive predictive value of 93.3%, a negative predictive value of 98.1% and an accuracy of 97.1% for grafts stenosis. As to the grafts lesion, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for grafts occlusion were 96.4%, 98.1%, 96.4%, 98.1% and 97.6%, respectively., Conclusion: 64-MSCTA demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy in the assessment of graft patency and suitable for the follow-up of patients post CABG.

Comparative studies of chloroplast proteome on different developmental stage (seeding, tillering, shooting, booting stage) of leaves have been made in isoplamic allonuclear male-sterile lines Nongda 3237A, Xiaoyan No.6 A and their maintainer lines by 2D-PAGE. The results indicated that no obvious differences were found in chloroplast proteome between Nongda 3237A, Nongda 3237B, Xiaoyan No.6A, Xiaoyan No.6B at different developmental stages of leaves. Differences were found just at booting stage in Xiaoyan No.6A and its maintainer lines. Obvious differences, however, were observed in chloroplast proteome between isoplasmic allonuclear male-sterile lines Nongda 3237A and Xiaoyan No.6A. For instance,2 protein spots (pl5.4/34kDa, pl5.4/32kDa) at seedling stage,6 protein spots (pl5.4/80kDa, pl5.4/65kDa, pl5.4/60kDa, pl5.4/48kDa, pI5.4/40kDa, pI5.4/35kDa) at booting stage were present in Xiaoyan No.6A and absent in Nongda 3237A. pl6.3/18kDa was present at seedling stage in Nongda 3237A and absent in Xiaoyan No. 6A. pI6.8/28kDa protein spot revealed the developmental changes. It was present in leaves at seedling, tillering, shooting stages and absent at flowering stage in Nongda 3237A. No development changes of the protein spot were observed in Xiaoyan No.6A. These experiment results demonstrated that it was possible chloroplast proteome wasn't relative to the cytoplasmic male-sterile characteristics. But nuclear background in male -sterile lines can obviously affect chloroplast protein composition. Distant relative on nuclear-cytoplasmic has larger differences on chloroplast proteome than close relative on nuclear-cytoplasmic in CMS.