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Objective To explore the association of histologic subtypes with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and ciinical characteristics in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods In this study, we reviewed 206 specimens of non-small cell lung cancer; EGFR gene mutation was measured by amplification refractory mutation syttem (ARMS). For the resected adenocarcinoma specimens, histologic subtypes were clasiified according to classification methods of both 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) and 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society ( IASLC/ATS/ERS ). The association of histologic subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma wíth EGFR mutation and clinicopathologic features was analyzed by SPSS17.0. Results EGFR gene mutation was detected in 91 (44.2%) of the 206 patients. Women and nonsmokers were found to be significantly associated wíth a higher incidence of EGFR gene mutation (56. 6% vs. 32.7%, P = 0.001; 51. 9% vs. 31.2%, P = 0.004). Regarding histologic subtypes of adenocarcinoma, the presence of nonmucinous BAC (lepidic) componenis showed the mott frequent EGFR mutations (61.5% vs. 38.6%, P = 0.012), but mixed mucinous BAC components had a lower EGFR mutation (13.3% vs. 53.3%, P = 0.004). The presence of papillary components was likely to lead to a higher EGFR mutation, but wtth no significant difference (P = 0.057). In contrast, EGFR mutation was observed more frequently in adenocarcinoma with papillary predominance than in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma and solid predominance using the new IASLC/ ATS/ERS classification method (P = 0.057). Conclusion Gender, smoking history and histologic subtypes are closely associated wtth the presence of EGFR mutaiion in lung adenocarcinoma. Female, non-smoker, the presence of nonmucinous BAC components and papillary predominance can predict higher EGFR mutation in lung adenocarcinoma, but the presence of mixed mucinous BAC components predicts a lower mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the consumption of local natural capital stock and natural capital flow and its influencing factors can help alleviate the tension between the socio-economic development of the coastal zone, natural resources, and the ecological environment, and promote regional coordinated and sustainable development. Based on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional ecological footprint evaluation models, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of ecological footprint in the coastal zone of Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2016, and explored the regional natural capital stock and capital flow occupancy based on footprint depth and footprint width. We analyzed the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of its influencing factors using a geographically and temporally weighted regression model. The results showed that ecological crisis in the coastal zone of Zhejiang Province deepened during the study period. The average per capita ecological deficit was 3.5 hm 2 ·cap -1 , and the per capita ecological deficit increased by 15.5%. Among them, the contribution of energy consumption account to the per capita ecological footprint was greater than that of the biological resources account. The per capita ecological footprint of each county showed an increasing trend, with significant spatial variation. The coastal zone of Zhejiang Province mainly consumed the natural capital stock, with a significant inhibitory effect on the renewal of natural capital flows. The consumption of natural capital stock was 14.87 times that of capital flow in 2016. Urban scale, economic development level, and people's income level had positive impacts on the ecological footprint of coastal counties of Zhejiang Province, while fishery production had negative effect on the ecological footprints, with transition trend to a positive one. The influence mechanism of the three factors had significant spatial and temporal differentiation.

To investigate the influences of sewage and cadmium combined stress on maize seedling metabolites, we took GC-MS metabonomics technology to analyze the metabolite species, content and metabolic pathways. A total of 50 kinds of metabolites were identified. Under single stress of Cd, the malic acid content in maize seedling decreased, the citric acid content increased significantly, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle was relatively stable. Under the combined stress, both malic acid and citric acid contents increased significantly, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle was inhibited. Both single Cd stress and combined stress of sewage and Cd, especially the latter, led to the decrease of glucose and the increase of those substances related to resistance, such as proline, putrescine, muscle and γ-aminobutyric acid, which indicated the photosynthesis was inhibited. It was concluded that sewage and cadmium combined stress influence on maize seedling metabolites mainly by inhibiting the tricarboxylic acid cycle and photosynthesis.

Occurrence forms of Pb in Yima (YM) coal, their thermal stability and transformation behaviors during coal pyrolysis were investigated. Chemical leaching method was used to characterize the forms of Pb in the raw coal and the chars. It was found that about 33% Pb in YM coal was bound to carbonates, sulfides, sulfates, phosphates and oxides, 29% to aluminosilicates, 27% to disulfide species, and 8% to organic species. It was also found that the organic bound Pb was the most releasable while the aluminosilicates bound Pb was the least releasable. The effect of minerals of different sort on Pb release was also studied. The result showed that carbonates, sulfides, sulfates, phosphates and oxides, aluminosilicates and disulfides in YM coal could restrain Pb release during coal pyrolysis. The transformation of different forms of Pb mainly occurred at above 500 degrees C with other forms of Pb transformed to the aluminosilicates form and volatile phase.