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To address the issue of weight gain and abnormal lipid metabolism caused by clozapine and olanzapine administration in patients with schizophrenia， a qualitative and systematic review was carried out， thus providing references for clinical treatment and future research. This review embraces the aspects of pharmacotherapy， traditional Chinese medicine treatment and so on.

Objective: To further improve the efficiency of xylose fermentation by modifying the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the aldehyde reductase gene h16_A3186 in Ralstonia eutropha W50-EAB., Methods: The transketolase (tktA, cbbT2) and transaldolase (tal) gene were cloned from R. eutropha chromosome by PCR and inserted into expressing vector pBBR1MCS-3. The resulting recombinant plasmids were transformed into W50-EAB to generate W50-KAB, W50-CAB and W50-TAB, respectively. The aldehyde reductase gene h16_A3186 was shortened from 834 bp to 135 bp by in-frame deletion from strain W50-E in which the xylE gene coding for xylose transporter was chromosomally integrated to construct recombinant strain W50'-E. Then the xylAB gene coding for xylose isomerase and xylulokinase from Escherichia coli were expressed in W50'-E to generate recombinant strain W50'-EAB. Recombinant plasmid pWL1-TAL was transformed into W50'-EAB to construct the strain W50'-TAB. The fermentation characteristics of the engineered strains were investigated., Results: The expression of tktA, cbbT2 and tal genes in R. eutropha W50-EAB was confirmed by enzyme assay. The deletion of h16_A3186 gene was confirmed by PCR analysis and enzyme assay. Amplification of transketolase activity in R. eutropha W50-EAB showed negative effect on cell growth and D-xylose consumption. The recombinant strain W50-TAB and W50'-EAB exhibited a faster growth than W50-EAB with the maximum specific growth rate of 0.039 h(-1) and 0.040 h(-1), respectively, when cultivated on 0.1 mol/L D-xylose. And the PHB accumulation of W50-TAB and W50'-EAB reached 16.2 ± 1.01% and 19.8 ± 1.05% on the basis of cell dry weight, respectively. Furthermore, recombinant strain W50'-TAB exhibited better fermentation performance with the maximum specific growth rate of 0.042 h(-1) and PHB content of 27.9 ± 0.47%, respectively. Meanwhile, the recombinant strains W50-TAB, W50'-EAB and W50'-TAB showed higher biomass and more PHB accumulation when using glucose (0.01 mol/L) and D-xylose (0.09 mol/L) mixed sugars as fermentative substrate., Conclusion: Overexpression of the tal gene resulted in incressed D-xylose consumption. Deficiency of the aldehyde reductase relieved inhibition to D-xylose metabolism. Combination of the two strategies contributed to a higher efficiency of D-xylose utilisation and more PHB accumulation of the engineered R. eutropha strain.

Objective: To screen and identify the new long non-coding RNAs from transcriptome of laryngeal squamous cell cancer using strand-specific RNA-Seq technology and bioinformatics tools, and to analyze the difference expression of these LncRNAs., Methods: RNA was extracted from laryngeal squamous cell cancer tissues of 10 patients and the strand-specific libraries were constructed for high-throughput sequencing. The low-quality data were filtered and the high quality sequencing reads were mapped to the reference genome and assembled. The obtained transcripts were classified and annotated, the optimized LncRNA identification pipeline was used to discover novel LncRNA in these transcriptome, and the characteristics of LncRNA were analyzed., Results: A more optimized pipeline were established and 134 new LncRNA transcripts were found, which was not included in the public database. The new LncRNA transcripts had some characteristics in length distribution, ORF length, and expression., Conclusion: Some new LncRNA from the transcriptome of laryngeal carcinoma were identified, with different expression, and they may play an important role in laryngeal squamous cell cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to broaden the substrate spectrum of Ralstonia eutropha W50 to use D-xylose, which can produce poly-beta-hydroxybutyrates (PHB) at a high level., Methods: The D-xylose transporter gene xylE from Escherichia coli K-12 W3110 was cloned by PCR technique and integrated into the R. eutropha W50 chromosome. The recombinant strain W50-E was obtained. The D-xylose catabolic genes xylAB from E. coli K-12 W3110 and the promotor of PHA synthase gene phaC1 from R. eutropha H16 were cloned into pBBR1MCS to construct a recombinant plasmid. The plasmid was transformed into R. eutropha W50 and W50-E to generate the recombinant strains W50-AB and W50-EAB respectively. The characteristics of D-xylose utilization by W50-AB and W50-EAB were investigated., Results: The expression of xylA and xylB genes in R. eutropha W50 was confirmed by enzyme assay. The recombinant strain W50-AB could grow on 0.1 mol/L D-xylose with the maximum specific growth rate of 0.025 h(-1), but no growth and D-xylose consumption were observed when cultivated on 0.01 mol/L D-xylose. The recombinant strain W50-EAB exhibited a faster growth than W50-AB on 0.1 mol/L D-xylose, with the maximum specific growth rate of 0.035 h(-1). Furthermore, it exhibited a slow but defined growth and D-xylose consumption on 0.01 mol/L D-xylose. The PHB content assay showed that both recombinant strains accumulated a small amount of PHB, with a proportion of 15.07 +/- 1.01% and 15.07 +/- 1.64% on the basis of dry cell weight respectively, by using D-xylose (0.1 mol/L) as substrate. And their final D-xylose-PHB conversion rates were 0.0920 g x g(-1) and 0.0838 g x g(-1) respectively, which were much lower than their glucose-PHB conversion rates( > 0.22 g x g(-1)). However, the recombinant strains W50-AB and W50-EAB exhibited better fermentation performance and more PHB accumulation when using glucose(0.01 mol/L) and D-xylose (0.09 mol/L) mixed sugars as fermentative substrate., Conclusion: The recombinant strain W50-AB can metabolize D-xylose by the expression of xylAB genes, and the further expression of xylE gene is able to improve its D-xylose consumption rate. Meanwhile, the two recombinant strains can accumulate a small amount of PHB by using D-xylose as the sole carbon source.

Objective: To broaden the substrate spectrum including L-arabinose, Ralstonia eutropha W50, a mutant strain with high yield of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), was metabolically engineered by expressing the genes encoding L-arabinose catabolic enzymes and high-affinity L-arabinose transporter from Escherichia coli., Methods: The promoter fragment of PHB synthase gene phaC1 (P(pha C1)) from R. eutropha H16 and the araBAD genes from E. coli W3110 were cloned by PCR and inserted into expression vector pBBR1 MCS. The resulting recombinant plasmid was transformed into W50 to generate W50-1. The araFGH gene from E. coli W3110 was introduced into W50-1 by plasmid system or homologous recombination, yielding W50-2 and W50-3 respectively. The fermentation characteristics of the three engineered strains were investigated., Results: The flask fermentation experiments of the engineered strains show that W50-1 carrying the arabinose catabolic genes under the control of P(pha C1) could grow in the fermentation medium containing 0.1 mol/L arabinose as the sole carbon source, but could not utilize low concentration arabinose (0.01 mol/L). However, W50-2 and W50-3 containing the gene of high-affinity arabinose transporter were able to utilize low concentration arabinose. In the fermentation medium containing 0.1 mol/L arabinose, the biomass of W50-3 was 2.5 fold higher than that of W50-1, and the PHB accumulation amount of W50-3 accounted for 38.6% of the cell dry weight., Conclusion: R. eutropha W50 was able to metabolize L-arabinose by the expression of araBAD genes, and the simultaneous expression of araFGH genes could further improve its ability of L-arabinose utilization. By using L-arabinose as the sole carbon source, the recombinant strain W50-3 can accumulate a noticeable level of PHB.

Objective: To clone promoter-active fragments from Corynebacterium glutamicum for further construction of expression vectors., Methods: Random Sau3A I digested fragments of C. glutamicum 10147 chromosome were shot-gun cloned into the promoter-probe vector pAKC6 and promoter activity of the inserted fragments was selected by chloramphenicol resistance of transformed C. glutamicum cells., Results: Thirty promoter-carrying fragments were isolated. Three C. glutamicum clones harboring pAKC6 with promoter fragments displayed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity of more than 24 U/mg. The fragment F57 led to the highest CAT activity of 32.50 U/mg, even more than that produced by the promoter Ptrc, 26.33 U/mg., Conclusion: The strength of promoter on fragments F21, F54 and F57 is as strong as promoter Ptrc in C. glutamicum. These fragments can be used to construct expression vector.

Objective: To investigate DNA damages of liver cells and lymphocytes of rats exposed to vinyl chloride monomer(VCM), to examine the changes of hepatic function, and certain biochemical indexes., Methods: DNA damages were detected by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). The activities of metabolizing enzymes were measured by spectrophotography, and hepatic function was determined by biochemical analyser., Results: The incidence rates of comet cells in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those of the controls; and the rates of comet cells between liver cells and lymphocytes among the groups were closely correlated., Conclusion: VCM could induce DNA damage of liver cells and lymphocytes, where was a dose-effect/response relationship.