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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of evolocumab to reduce lipid levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Totally 145 ACS patients who underwent PCI were randomly divided into the observation group (73 cases) and the control group (72 cases). Patients in the control group received conventional drug treatment according to the perioperative medication guidelines for ACS, while patients in the observation group received subcutaneous injection of evolocumab 140 mg per dose, once every two weeks, on the basis of the control group's treatment. Both groups were treated for one month. Changes in lipid-related indicators before and after treatment, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoB/ApoAl ratio, and the proportion of LDL-C <1. 8 mmol/L and LDL-C <1.4 mmol/L, were recorded. Additionally, the proportion of patients whose LDL-C decreased by >50% and was <1.4 mmol/L compared to baseline was recorded. Safety-related indicators, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (Cre) before and after treatment, adverse reactions, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were also recorded. Results The proportions of LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L and <1.4 mmol/L increased in both groups after treatment in comparison with those before treatment, with more significant increase in the observation group (both P< 0.05). The proportion of patients in the observation group whose LDL-C decreased by >50% and was <1.4 mmol/L compared to baseline was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). TC, TG, LDL-C, Lp(a), ApoB, and ApoB/ApoA1 decreased, and ApoAl increased in both groups after treatment in comparison with those before treatment, with more significant changes in the observation group (all P<0.05). No significant differences were found in FPG, ALT, or Cre between the two groups before and after treatment (all P>0.05). Muscle pain occurred in one patient in both the observation and control groups, and MACE occurred in 0 and 1 patient in the observation and control groups, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion Subcutaneous injection of evolocumab helps reduce lipid levels in patients with ACS after PCI and is of high safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To investigate the beneficial effects of phenolic extracts of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. on obese mice induced by a high-fat diet. Methods: The intervention involved administering polyphenol extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight per day to mice on a high-fat diet. The mice were orally gavaged continuously for 4 weeks, and various parameters such as body weight, liver index, histomorphological changes in white fat and liver tissues, serum biochemical markers, organ antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier function were examined. Results: In comparison to control group (CON), the MODEL group (MODEL) exhibited significantly (P

Objective To evaluate the causal relationships between lipids (low - density lipoprotein cholesterol, high 一 density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL - C], triglyceride [TG], apolipoprotein A - I [ApoA - I], apolipoprotein B) and non - alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through a two - sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods Summary datasets of genome - wide association studies of lipids and NAFLD in European ancestry were leveraged, and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with lipids were selected as instrumental variables. Several univariable MR analyses were conducted, including inverse - variance weighting method, MR 一 Egger regression, weighted median estimation, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier method. A multivariable inverse 一 variance weighting method was further used to evaluate the independent causal effect of lipids on NAFLD. Results Univariable inverse - variance weighting MR showed that genetically predicted higher HDL - C (OR 二 0. 774, 95% CI: 0.708 - 0. 845, P < 0. 001) and ApoA - I (OR 二 0. 878, 95% CI: 0. 796 - 0. 968, P -0. 009) were associated with a lower risk of NAFLD, while genetically predicted higher TG (OR = 1. 323, 95% CI: 1. 201 - 1. 458, P <0. 001) was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. The causal effects of HDL 一 C and TG on NAFLD remained consistent in multivariable MR when adjusting for other lipids, body mass index, and type - 2 diabetes. Conclusion Our study supports a putative causal relationship between HDL - C, TG, and NAFLD.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore the relation of self-injury behavior to thyroid hormones and lipids in adolescent patients with depression. Methods: A total of 182 adolescent inpatients who met the diagnostic criteria for depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) were enrolled, including 38 cases with self-injurious behavior and 144 cases without self-injurious. The differences in various indicators between the two groups were compared, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors related to self-injury in adolescents with depression. Results: The patients with self-injurious behavior had higher levels of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to those without self-injurious behavior (P<0.05). They also had lower levels of free thyroxine compared to the group without self-injurious behavior (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis results showed that those with longer duration of disease (OR = 1.03) and higher HDL-C levels (OR = 12.75) were more likely to have self-injurious behaviors. Conclusion: Long duration of disease and high level of HDL-C may be risk factors for self-injurious behavior in adolescents with depression, while low level of free thyroxine may serve as a protective factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the liver and renal function, blood lipids, and blood glucose at 3 months after blood donation in long-term blood donors aged 45-65 years, as well as the possibility of continuing to donate blood after exceeding the age for blood donation. Methods The long-term blood donors who donated blood at our station from September to December 2016 were selected, and according to the age, they were divided into group A (45-49 years of age), group B (50-54 years of age), group C (55-59 years of age), and group D (60-65 years of age). Liver and renal function, blood glucose, and blood lipid levels were measured at 3 months after the most recent blood donation and were compared between groups. Results There was a significant difference in the serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at 3 months after blood donation between groups A/B/C and group D (t=2.45-4.61,P0.05). Conclusion The long-term blood donors, aged 45-59 years, tend to have stable liver and renal function, blood lipids, and blood glucose at 3 months after blood donation, and long-term blood donation does not affect the above indicators. The blood donors aged 60-65 years have a higher level of LDL-C after blood donation, with other indicators remaining stable, and therefore, they may be considered as potential blood donors.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With diacylglycerol (DAG) and long-medium-long (LML) structured lipids as research object and soybean oil as the control, the physicochemical properties, thermodynamic properties and frying application properties of 50%DAG, 90%DAG were studied. The results showed that the viscosity, density, acid value (AV) and peroxide value (POV) of 50%DAG, 90%DAG and LML structured lipids were consistent with soybean oil, and the aniside value (AnV)of the three lipids were all higher than that of soybean oil. In addition, the triglyceride composition and fatty acid composition of the three oil in the experiments were only different because of the structure change and the middle chain fatty acids. Both the --OH in 50%DAG and 90%DAG, and the medium chain fatty acids in LML structured lipids would decrease the initial weight loss temperature, and the melting curves of the 50%DAG and 90%DAG would have a large temperature span. The differences of 50%DAG, 90%DAG and LML structured lipids in 3470 cm-1, 1400~1100 cm-1 and 722 cm-1 were caused by structural change. After continuous frying at high temperature, the acid value, peroxide value, chroma, moisture content, anisidine value of 50% DAG, 90%DAG and LML structure lipids and the texture of potatoes after frying with different fats did not change significantly. The AV, POV, chroma, moisture content, AnV and glyceride composition of 50%DAG, 90%DAG and LML structured lipids, and the texture properties of potato chips after high-temperature continuous frying demonstrated good stability. In summary, 50%DAG, 90%DAG, and LML structured lipids maintained good stability during high-temperature continuous frying, meeting the national frying oil standards, and could be used as daily frying oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim To investigate the mechanism of perilipin 2 (PLIN2) increasing lipid accumulation in macrophages. Methods The experiments were divided into oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) group, different PLIN2 expression groups, and different activity Rab18 groups, the levels of Rab18 and acyl-CoA long chain synthetase 3 (ACSL3) protein in high expression and silent expression of PLIN2 macrophages were measured, and the levels of PLIN2, Rab18, and ACSL3 protein expression in high expression PLIN2 macrophages with different activity Rab18 were measured. Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels, immunofluorescence was used to observe the localization of intracellular related proteins, and oil red O staining was used to observe intracellular lipid accumulation. Results The expression levels of Rab18 and ACSL3 in cells with high expression of PLIN2 were increased significantly (P<0. 05), and there was an intracellular phenomenon of co-localization of PLIN2 with Rab18 and ACSL3. The expression level of ACSL3 in high expression macrophages of PLIN2 after transfection with the Rab18 dominant mutant Q67L plasmid (Rab18 activity increased) was increased significantly (P<0. 05), and the number of intracellular lipid droplets was also increased significantly (P < 0. 05). Conclusion PLIN2 promotes macrophage lipid accumulation through Rab18 by up-regulating ACSL3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garlic products are rich in nutrition and possess antibacteria, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and the ability to lower blood sugar and lipids, as well as improve animals' appetite. Garlic products can improve the production performance and product quality of animals, and enhance the immunity. The paper summarizes the function of garlic products and their application in animal production, and summarizes and discusses the problems existing in the application of garlic products in animal production, in order to continuously improve the function and value of garlic products, and provide reference for the continuous promotion and application of garlic products in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Channa striata is a high-value, carnivorous freshwater fish species widely farmed in the Southeast Asia. However, its basic nutrient requirements during the grow-out stage (body mass> 100 g) are largely unexplored. In this study, we first explored the optimal protein requirement of Channa striata. Six isolipidic (15%) diets with varying protein levels were formulated by adjusting the fish meal inclusion level. Fish with a mean initial body weight of 150 g were fed these experimental diets to apparent satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. Our results showed that the growth performance and feed efficiency of Channa striata improved and plateaued while the protein retention increased and then declined, as the dietary protein level increased from 36% to 51%. Using the weight gain and protein retention as response variables, the protein requirement of Channa striata was estimated to be 41. 5% and 42. 3%, respectively, by the regression analysis. We further explored the optimal lipid requirement of Channa striata based on the protein requirement result. Six isoproteic (42%) diets with varying lipid levels were formulated by adjusting the soy lecithin inclusion level. Fish with a mean initial body weight of 150 g were fed these experimental diets to apparent satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. The results showed that the growth performance and feed efficiency of Channa striata improved and plateaued as the dietary lipid level increased from 9% to 19%. In contrast, the lipid retention increased as the lipid level increased from 9% to 15%, but declined as dietary lipid further increased. Using the weight gain and protein retention as response variables, the lipid requirement of Channa striata was estimated to be 15. 2% and 15. 3%, respectively, by the regression analysis. In conclusion, the optimal protein and lipid requirement of Channa striata during the grow-out stage was estimated to be 41. 5%-42. 3% and 15. 2%-15. 3%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lipid metabolism plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stress. Four salt/alkali-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria strains (W5, Y7, Y14 and Y31, with Latin names of Bacillus siamensis, Pseudo-monas sp., B. wiedmannii and Acinetobacter sp., respectively) screened in the previous study were used for soybean pot experiment to investigate the effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the growth of soybean plants under salt/alkali conditions, and to analyze the changes of lipid compounds in soybean leaves. The results showed that the chlorophyll content, plant height, root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight of soybean were increased after treatment with the four strains, and the Y7 strain treatment group had the best effect. The Y7 strain treatment group was selected for soybean leaf lipid metabolism analysis. It showed that a total of 429 lipids were detected, and 30 significantly different metabolites (16 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated) were screened in the Y7 strain treatment group. The metabolic pathways with the largest enrichment of differential metabolic pathways were glyceride metabolism from lipid metabolism, in which the content of diglyceride (DG) was significantly increased, the content of triglyceride ( TG) was significantly decreased, and the total content of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine ( PS) was significantly increased, and the total content of phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) total compounds was significantly decreased. The comprehensive results showed that salt/alkali-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria applied to salt/alkali soil had obvious growth promotion effect on soybean and affected soybean leaf lipid metabolic pathways and products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis is an important factor in cardiovascular events. Relevant epidemiological surveys show that the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in China has increased rapidly and significantly in recent years, which has brought major challenges to China􀆳s public health problems. Myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTFA) plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, including participating in inflammatory responses, promoting lipid accumulation, and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in the process of atherosclerosis, and exploring the correlation between MRTF-A and atherosclerosis is of great significance for finding new therapeutic targets. This article reviews the role of MRTF-A in the process of atherosclerosis lesions, which can provide a reference for targeted therapy of coronary atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we used an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) system to investigate changes in the profile of non-volatile metabolites in green tea after different periods (15, 40, 80 and 120 days) of storage at 37 ℃. The color of green tea and tea infusion changed after 40 days of storage at 37 ℃ when compared with the control (stored at −80 ℃). During 40 days of storage, the content of catechins did not significantly change, but the content of free amino acids significantly decreased. A total of 684 non-volatile components were identified, 77 of which were found to be characteristic differential metabolites, the major ones being polyphenols, lipids and organic acids. The content of octadecadien-6-ynoic acid, an umami-related compound, significantly decreased after 40 days and was undetected after 80 days. The content of theaflavine-3-catechin, related to the color and taste of tea infusion, significantly increased with storage time. Similarly, the content of flavone glycoside increased with storage time. Moreover, the content of lipids such as triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerol (DAGs) changed significantly after 15 days, and the content of free fatty acids increased with storage time. The findings from this study showed that the contents of lipids and flavonoids in green tea significantly changed during storage, which played an important role in the quality deterioration of green tea.

为探究香榧果实生长后期油脂及脂溶性活性物质的动态变化规律，以20年生香榧为研究对象，分析测定了香榧果实生长后期种仁中油脂含量、香榧籽油中脂肪酸组成及脂溶性活性物质（角鲨烯、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇、α-生育酚、β-生育酚）的动态变化规律，构建了香榧果实生长后期香榧籽油中脂溶性活性物质的动态积累模型。结果表明：在香榧果实生长后期种仁中油脂含量由（35.65±0.02）%增长为（54.50± 0.01）%，脂肪酸组成比例变化显著，其中油酸增幅最大；角鲨烯和植物甾醇含量呈下降趋势，生育酚呈增长趋势，完熟前变化趋势均变缓；香榧果实生长过程中香榧籽油中角鲨烯、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇含量的动态积累模型符合倒数函数方程，菜油甾醇及生育酚含量的动态积累模型符合多项式函数方程。综上，香榧果实生长后期，种仁中油脂含量增加，脂溶性活性成分均处于动态变化中。 In order to investigate the dynamic changes of oils and liposoluble active substances in Torreya grandis at late growth stage, the 20-year-old T.grandis was taken as the research object, the dynamic changes of oil content of T.grandis kernel and fatty acid components and liposoluble active substances (including squalene, campesterol, stigmasterol, β -sitosterol, α-tocopherol and β -tocopherol) in the oils at late growth stage were analyzed and determined, and the dynamic accumulation model of liposoluble active substances in oil was established. The results showed that the oils content of T.grandis kernel increased from (35.65±0.02)% to (54.50± 0.01)% at the late growth stage, and the composition and content of fatty acids in the oils changed significantly, in which oleic acid increased the most. The contents of squalene and phytosterol showed a decreasing trend, while tocopherol showed an increasing trend and the change trend slowed down before full maturity. The dynamic accumulation model of squalene, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol contents fit the reciprocal function equation, while the dynamic accumulation model of campesterol and tocopherol contents fit the polynomial function equation. In summary, all the liposoluble active substances dynamic change with the increase of oil in the late stage of T.grandis kernel growth.

Due to the consumption characteristics of rice and the requirements of the national grain strategic reserve, rice storage is a necessary means to ensure food security. Lipids are an important nutritional component of rice and have an important impact on rice quality. The degradation of lipids during rice storage is the major reason for the deterioration of rice quality. In this article, the distribution, existing forms, structures and composition of lipids in rice, the effect of lipid degradation on the eating quality of rice, and the methods used to stabilize and detect lipids are summarized, which will provide a theoretical basis for further research and regulation of lipid degradation and quality deterioration inhibition during rice storage.

The effect of the removal of starch granule-associated proteins (SGAPs) and/or lipids on pasting and in vitro digestion properties of adlay starch was investigated. The results showed that the removal of both SGAPs and lipids increased the swelling power, solubility, and rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS) contents and decreased the ratio of peak intensities at 1 045/1 022 cm-1, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity and resistant starch (RS) content. The removal of SGAPs significantly increased the gelatinization transition temperature and the gelatinization enthalpy and significantly decreased the onset gelatinization temperature. The effect of the removal of SGAPs on the short-range ordered structure and digestibility of adlay starch was more pronounced than that of the removal of lipids. The thermal properties of adlay starch were not significantly affected by the removal of lipids, and the crystal type was not significantly affected by the removal of SGAPs and lipids. The results have potential value for understanding the starch characteristics of adlay and for the application of adlay starch in food processing.

Objective To detect the levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and serum lipids, and to explore the clinical value of the correlation between HbA1c and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods A total of 293 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic retinopathy in our hospital from October 2019 to September 2021 were enrolled for a retrospective analysis. The clinical data related to laboratory examinations, physical examinations and ophthalmological examinations of all the patients were collected. The HbA1c and lipid levels were measured by Glycated Haemoglobin Analyzer MQ6000 and Roche Cobas 8000C702. According to the quartile of HbA1c, patients were divided into four subgroups. The HbA1c and lipid levels of the four subgroups were compared. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the correlation between HbA1c and lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Results There are significant differences in apolipoprotein A (APOA) and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SDLDL-C) among the four HbA1c subgroups. Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that HbA1c was positively correlated with total cholesterol (CHOL) (r = 0.120, P = 0.04) and SDLDL-C (r = 0.151, P = 0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that HbA1c was positively correlated with triglyceride (TRIG), CHOL, apolipoprotein B (APOB), apolipoprotein E (APOE) and SDLDL-C (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated levels of APOA, TRIG, CHOL, APOB and SDLDL in patients with DR were independent risk factors for the progressive increase in HbA1c levels (P <0.05). Conclusions There is a strong positive correlation between HbA1c and lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy, indicating that the interation between glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in DR plays an important role in the occurrence and development of DR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Ginkgo biloba leaves are rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, polysaccharide, organic acids and other active ingredients, and have good pharmacological activity. The application of Ginkgo biloba and its extracts as feed additives in livestock and poultry production has the functions of animal immunity improvement, blood lipids reduction, antioxidation, inflammation resistance, free radicals removal, which can improve animal production performance and product quality. The article reviews the application of Ginkgo biloba and its extracts in livestock and poultry production, in order to provide reference for further development and utilization of Ginkgo biloba resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biotic stresses (as pests, diseases, ect.) and abiotic stresses (as temperature stress and water stress ect.) are key factors affecting plant development and yield. Lipids participate in various pathways of plant response stress, forming a unique feedback response mechanism, including unsaturated fatty acids in disease and insect resistance in biological stress. In addition, fatty acid derivatives in abiotic stress could also increase intracellular osmotic regulation, reduce the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and improve plant stress resistance. This paper summarizes the research progress on regulation mechanism of plant lipids under biological and abiotic stresses, briefly introduces stress types, and focuses on the changes and regulation of plant lipids under various stresses. It is expected to better understand on physiological activities of plants under different stresses, and to provide a basic theoretical reference for further research on lipids regulation on plant stress resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this experiment was to determine the ultrasonic synergistic snailase assisted ex‐ traction process of polysaccharide from Chloris virgata and its antioxidant activity to oil. A single factor experiment was designed to determine the ultrasonic synergistic snailase assisted extraction process of polysaccharide from Chloris virgata with the polysaccharide extraction yield as the index. After deter‐ mining the optimal value range of the single factor, the response surface methodology was used to optimize and determine the optimal extraction process. The structure of polysaccharide was further analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, the antioxidant activity of Chloris virgata polysaccharide on oil was detectet. The results showed that the optimal extraction process of polysaccharide from Chloris virgata was as follows: ultrasonic temperature 52 ℃, enzyme dosage 1.4%, ultrasonic time 41 min and pH 5.1. The extraction yield of polysaccharide from the Chloris virgata was 85.12 mg/g, and the relative error with the predicted maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was 0.83%, indicating that the re‐ gression equation had small error and good accuracy. The FTIR spectra showed that the extracted sub‐ stance had the basic characteristics of polysaccharides. The lipid antioxidation showed that the polysaccharide of Chloris virgata had a certain lipid antioxidation effect on both plant oil and animal oil, and its dosage showed a negative dose effect relation‐ ship with the peroxide value of oil, indicating that the polysaccharide of Chloris virgata could be used as an additive to extend the storage time of oil products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The experiment was to investigate the effect of adding bile acid to high-lipid diet on growth performance, muscle nutrition and fatty acid composition of gibel carp. A total of 450 healthy and initial body weight (32.37±0.13) g juvenile fish were randomly divided into five groups, with three replicates in each group and 30 fish in each replicate. Five kinds of iso-nitrogen and iso-lipid feed were prepared by adding 0 (BA0), 200 (BA200), 400 (BA400), 600 (BA600) and 800 mg/kg (BA800) bile acids to basic feed containing 12% soybean oil, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 w. The results showed that compared with BA0, FBW of BA400 and BA600 gibel carp was significantly increased (P<0.05), WGR of BA600 was significantly increased (P<0.05), VSI was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The FCR of gibel carp in BA200, BA400 and BA600 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). HSI of all experimental groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05). CF of BA800 was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with BA0, muscle crude fat content of experimental groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and MUFA content was significantly increased (P<0.05). The crude protein content of gibel carp in BA400 and BA600 were significantly increased (P<0.05). The crude ash content of gibel carp in BA600 and BA800 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The study indicates that adding 400~600 mg/kg bile acid to high-lipid diet can promote growth of gibel carp, increase the utilization rate of feed, promote fat digestion, absorption and decomposition for energy supply, improve muscle fatty acid composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To explore the role of chemerin, encoded by retinoic acid receptor responder 2 （Rarres2） gene, in the regulation of skeletal muscle lipid deposition by diet and exercise interventions in mice. METHODS: Eightweek-old wild-type （WT） mice, adipose-specific Rarres2 gene knockout （adipo-Rarres2-/-） mice and global Rarres2 gene knockout （Rarres2-/-） mice were randomly divided into normal diet （ND） and high-fat diet （HFD） groups, namely ND+ WT group, ND+adipo-Rarres2-/- group, ND+Rarres2-/- group, HFD+WT group, HFD+adipo-Rarres2-/- group, and HFD+ Rarres2-/- group, with 6 mice in each group. The mice in HFD groups were divided into 3 groups with 6-week moderate-intensity running （n=6）, namely WT+exercise （Exe） group, adipo-Rarres2-/-+Exe group, and Rarres2-/-+Exe group. Skeletal muscle lipid deposition was analyzed by oil red O staining and quantified by triglyceride （TG） and free fatty acid （FFA） detection. Insulin tolerance and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed to evaluate insulin sensitivity. The protein levels of fatty acid translocase （FAT/CD36）, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1（ CPT1）, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α （PPARα）, stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 （SCD1） and glucose transporter protein 4 （GLUT4） in skeletal muscles were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: （ 1） In both ND+Rarres2-/- and HFD+Rarres2-/- groups, skeletal muscle lipid deposition was aggravated （P<0. 01） and the insulin sensitivity decreased （P<0. 05）. By contrast, skeletal muscle lipid deposition was significantly attenuated in HFD+adipo-Rarres2-/- group（ P<0. 01）.（ 2） The protein levels of CPT1 and GLUT4 in skeletal muscles decreased in ND+Rarres2-/- and HFD+Rarres2-/- groups（ P<0. 05）, and the SCD1 level increased in HFD+Rarres2-/- group （P<0. 01）. The protein levels of CPT1 and GLUT4 in skeletal muscles increased, and the CD36 protein level decreased in HFD+adipo-Rarres2-/- group（ P<0. 01）.（ 3） The inhibitory effect of exercise on skeletal muscle lipid deposition was weakened in adipo-Rarres2-/- +Exe and Rarres2-/- +Exe groups compared with WT+Exe group, and the effect was more significantly weakened in Rarres2-/-+Exe group. CONCLUSION: Knockout of chemerinencoding Rarres2 gene not only influences skeletal muscle lipid deposition in HFD mice, but also reduces exercise-induced attenuation of lipid deposition in the skeletal muscle of HFD mice. These effects are associated with the changes in glucose and lipid metabolism-related proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Lipids, one of the important nutrients in foods, are a complex class of biomolecules, which play key roles in the processing of different biomolecules. Lipids affect the quality, nutrition and hygiene of foods, and are directly related to the occurrence of many chronic diseases. As an emerging discipline in omics, lipidomics is widely used in multiple fields including food science. With the continuous development and improvement of detection technologies, lipidomics technology is also being updated. This paper mainly introduces lipid classification and functions as well as lipidomics and its application in food science in order to provide a reference for the application of lipidomics technology in food science.

In order to explore the mechanism of flavor differences, the effect of two cooking methods, namely steaming and microwaving on the lipid composition, the degree of lipid oxidation and hydrolysis, and volatile substances in Penaeus vannamei was studied. The results showed that the contents of total lipids as well as phospholipids, triglycerides, and free fatty acids in P. vannamei were significantly reduced after cooking (P < 0.05). The lipid composition differed between steamed and microwaved shrimp. Microwaved shrimp had higher phospholipid contents but lower free fatty acid contents than the steamed one. The content of saturated fatty acids decreased markedly whereas the content of unsaturated fatty acids increased significantly after cooking (P < 0.05), which may be related to the hydrolysis of phospholipids. Steaming and microwave heating accelerated the oxidation and hydrolysis of lipids, resulting in a significant increase in acid value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value (P < 0.05). The results of electronic nose analysis showed that the odor characteristics of fresh, steamed and microwaved shrimp were significantly different, and the odor of fresh shrimp changed more after microwave heating. Twenty-five volatile substances were isolated and identified from shrimp meat using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Among these compounds, 2,3-glutaraldehyde, 2-butanone, 2-methyl butyraldehyde, hexanal, 1-octen-3-one and glutaraldehyde were the major flavor substances in cooked shrimp meat and their contents were higher in the microwaved sample. Pearson correlation analysis showed that oxidative hydrolysis of lipids made an essential contribution to the flavor formation of cooked shrimp and the free fatty acids C14:0, C15:0, C16:1, C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c and C18:3n3 were closely related to the formation of the characteristic odors of shrimp meat.

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection combined with dynamic high-pressure microfluidic technology. The effects of different sterol molecular, including cholesterol, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, on the membrane structural stability of liposome were compared. The results showed that the addition of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol increased the particle size of liposomes from (48. 35±0. 41) nm to (106. 27±0. 90) nm and (107. 27±0. 59) nm, respectively, and the Zeta potential remained unchanged at about -30 mV. Electron microscopy showed that the lipid containing sterol formed stable bilayer structure of phospholipid. The salt stability and pH stability had been enhanced, but temperature stability had no significant change. The addition of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol reduced the micropolarity, hydrophobicity and fluidity of liposome membrane, resulting in a tighter phospholipid bimolecular membrane structure in liposomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective From the perspective of lipid degradation, the effects of bisphenol F (BPF) exposure on lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in HepG2 cells were described. Methods HepG2 cells were used to construct an in vitro exposure model. The effects of BPF on the lipid degradation pathway were observed by realtime quantitative PCR, confocal microscopy, and Western blot. Results BPF exposure reduced the mRNA and protein expression of the rate-limiting enzymes, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), in HepG2 cells (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of the fatty acid oxidation -related proteins, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α (CPT1α) and peroxisome proliferator -activated receptor α (PPAR α), were decreased (P < 0.05), and the ROS level from mitochondria was increased (P < 0.01). This caused the accumulation of lipid droplets. Conclusions BPF exposure reduced lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in HepG2 cells and increased the level of ROS derived from mitochondria, which may be one of the important reasons for the occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)- like changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]